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Gasdynamics 2023 2024 Task3

The document contains 4 gasdynamics problems related to Fanno and Rayleigh flow: Problem 11.1 involves air expanding through a nozzle and flowing down a pipe, calculating the pipe length and exit pressure. Problem 11.2 considers air flowing down a constant area pipe, calculating the exit Mach number, pressure and temperature. Problem 12.1 examines premixed fuel and air combustion in a chamber, determining the exit pressure, stagnation temperature and Mach number. Problem 12.2 looks at a normal shock in a duct feeding a nozzle, calculating the heat transfer.

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23 views

Gasdynamics 2023 2024 Task3

The document contains 4 gasdynamics problems related to Fanno and Rayleigh flow: Problem 11.1 involves air expanding through a nozzle and flowing down a pipe, calculating the pipe length and exit pressure. Problem 11.2 considers air flowing down a constant area pipe, calculating the exit Mach number, pressure and temperature. Problem 12.1 examines premixed fuel and air combustion in a chamber, determining the exit pressure, stagnation temperature and Mach number. Problem 12.2 looks at a normal shock in a duct feeding a nozzle, calculating the heat transfer.

Uploaded by

sanj2498
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gasdynamics task 3

2023/2024
Chapter 11: Fanno flow
11.1.
11.2.
11.3.
11.4.

Chapter 2: Rayleigh flow


12.1.
12.2.
12.3.
12.4.
Chapter 11: Fanno flow

Problem 11.1

Air is expanded from a large reservoir, in which the pressure and temperature are 250 kPa and
30°C respectively, through a convergent nozzle which gives an exit Mach number of 0.3. The
air from the nozzle flows down a pipe having a diameter of 5 cm. The Mach number at the
end of this pipe is 0.95. Find the length of the pipe and the pressure at the end of the pipe. If
the actual pipe length was only 0.75 of this length, find the Mach number and the pressure
that would exist at the end of the pipe. The flow in the nozzle can be assumed to be isentropic
and the friction factor in the pipe can be assumed to be 0.005.

Problem 11.2

Air flows down a constant area pipe which has a diameter of 5 cm. The Mach number at the
inlet of the pipe is 2 and the inlet pressure and temperature are 80kPa and 20°C respectively.
The flow in the pipe can be assumed to be adiabatic. If the pipe is 0.6 m long and the average
friction factor is 0.005, find the Mach number, pressure, and temperature at the exit of the
pipe.

When leaving the pipe, the air flows through a convergent-divergent nozzle which has an exit
area that is three times the throat area. If the stream leaves the nozzle at a subsonic velocity,
find the pressure and the Mach number at the exit of the nozzle in case the flow in the nozzle
can be assumed to be isentropic.

Problem 11.3

A converging–diverging nozzle (see figure below) has an area ratio of 3.0. The stagnation
conditions of the inlet air are 10 bar and 300 K. A constant-area duct with a length of 12
diameters is attached to the nozzle outlet. The friction factor in the duct is 0.0025.
a) Compute the receiver pressure that would place a shock
I. in the nozzle throat;
II. at the nozzle exit;
III. at the duct exit.
b) What receiver pressure would cause supersonic flow throughout the duct with no
shocks within the system (or after the duct exit)?
c) Make a sketch showing the pressure distribution as a function of the streamwise
coordinate for the various operating points of parts (a) and (b).

pt = 10 bar

Tt = 300 K f = 0.0025
Problem 11.4

A constant-area duct is fed by a converging-only nozzle as shown in figure below. The


nozzle receives oxygen from a large chamber at pt = 7 bar and Tt = 555 K. The duct has a
friction length of 5.3 and it is choked at the exit. The receiver pressure is exactly the same as
the pressure at the duct exit.
a) What is the pressure at the end of the duct?
b) Four-fifths of the duct is removed. (The end of the duct is now at 3.) The chamber
pressure, receiver pressure, and friction factor remain unchanged. Now what is the
pressure at the exit of the duct?
c) Sketch both of the cases above on the same T –s diagram.

pt = 7 bar
Tt= 555 K
Chapter 12: Rayleigh flow

Problem 12.1

Fuel and air are thoroughly mixed in the proportion of 1:40 by mass before entering a
constant area combustion chamber. The pressure, temperature, and velocity at the inlet to the
chamber are 50 kPa, 30°C, and 80 m/s respectively. The heating value of the fuel is 40 MJ/kg
of fuel. Assuming steady flow and that the properties of the gas mixture are the same as those
of air, determine the pressure, the stagnation temperature, and the Mach number at the exit of
the combustion chamber. Neglect the effects of friction

Problem 12.2

Air at a temperature of 300 K, flowing at a Mach number of 1.5, enters a constant area duct
which feeds a convergent nozzle. At the exit of the nozzle the Mach number is 1.0 and the
ratio of the nozzle exit area to the duct area is 0.98. If a normal shock occurs in the duct just
upstream of the nozzle inlet, calculate the amount and direction of heat exchange with the air
flow through the duct. Ignore the effect of friction on the flow in the duct and assume that the
flow downstream of the shock is isentropic.

Problem 12.3

In the figure below, points 1 and 2 represent flows on the same Rayleigh line (same mass
flow rate, same area, same impulse function) and are located such that s1 = s2 as shown. Now
imagine that we take the fluid under conditions at 1 and isentropically expand to 3. Further,
let’s imagine that the fluid at 2 undergoes an isentropic compression to 4.
a) If 3 and 4 are coincident state points (same T and s), prove that A3 is greater than,
equal to, or less than A4.
b) Now suppose that points 3 and 4 are not necessarily coincident but it is known that
the Mach number is unity at each point (i.e., 3 º 1s* and 4 º 2s*).
I. Is V3 equal to, greater than, or less than V4?
II. Is A3 equal to, greater than, or less than A4?
Problem 12.4

In the system shown in the figure below, friction exists only from 2 to 3 and from 5 to 6. Heat
is removed between 7 and 8. The Mach number at section 9 is unity. Draw the T –s diagram
for the system, showing both the static and stagnation curves. Are points 4 and 9 on the same
horizontal level, justify your answer?

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