Two laptops from different brands are tested to measure the mean rebooting time.

The rebooting times gathered are assumed to be

be normal with standard deviation σ1 = 0.05 and σ2 = 0.048
. QC department claims that
both brands have the same mean rebooting time
A random sample of 5 observation are gathered from each brand
Do you think the claim is correct?
µ1 = µ2 µ1 ≠ µ2
STEP 1 Ho µ1 = µ2 Both machines have the same rebooting time
Both machines have the same rebooting time
Ha µ1 ≠ µ2 Both machines do not have the same rebooting time
Both machines do not have the same rebooting time

STEP 2 n1 5 σ1 0.05 σ1^2 0.0025

n2 5 σ2 0.048 σ2^2 0.002304
α 0.05 2-tailed

STEP 3 Zt -1.96 =NORMSINV(alpha/2 + CL) z-Test: Two Sample fo

STEP 4

𝑍_𝑐=((𝑋 ̅_1−𝑋 ̅_2 )−(𝜇_1−𝜇_2))/√((𝜎_1^2)/𝑛_1
+(𝜎_2^2)/𝑛_2 )=((16.1238−"15.6763 " )−0)/√( 〖 .05 〗 ^2/5+ 〖 .048 〗
^2/5)=

Zc 14.4375

STEP 5 |Zc| > |Zt| Reject Ho

Reject Ho

STEP 6 At 95% confidence, Both machines do not have the same rebooting time
At 95% confidence, Both machines do not have the same rebooting time
booting time. Brand A Brand B
16.89 16.48
16.15 15.42
15.06 15.11
16.59 15.23
15.92 16.14
mean 16.1238 15.6763

ebooting time

z-Test: Two Sample for Means

Brand A Brand B
Mean 16.12379 15.67627481
Known Variance 0.0025 0.0023
Observations 5 5
+ 〖 .048Hypothesized
〗 Mean 0
z 14.44356
P(Z<=z) one-tail 0
z Critical one-tail 1.644854
P(Z<=z) two-tail 0
z Critical two-tail 1.959964
Two catalysts are being analyzed to determine how they affect the mean
yield of a chemical process. Specifically, catalyst 1 is currently used; but catalyst 2 is acceptable.
Because catalyst 2 is cheaper, it should be adopted, if it does not change the process yield. A test is run in
and results in the data shown.
of the data from the two samples. Is there any difference in the mean yields? Use α = 0.05, and

No. Catalyst 1 Catalyst 2

1 91.50 89.19
2 94.18 90.95
3 92.18 90.46
4 95.39 93.21
5 91.79 97.19
6 89.07 97.04
7 94.72 91.07
8 89.21 92.75
mean 92.2550 92.7325
std dev 2.3850 2.9835
var 5.6883 8.9010

STEP 1 Ho µ1 = µ2
There is no difference in mean yield of the chemical process between catalyst 1 and catalyst 2
Ha µ1 ≠ µ2
There is a difference in mean yield of the chemical process between catalyst 1 and catalyst 2

STEP 2 n1 8 df 14
n2 8
α 0.05 2 tailed

STEP 3 tt 2.144787

STEP 4

𝑆_𝑝=√(((8−1) 〖 "2.3850 " 〗 ^2+(8−1) 〖 "2.9835

" 〗 ^2)/(8+8−2))=2.7009

𝑡_𝑐=(("92.2550 " −"92.7325 " )−0)/(2.7009" " tc

√(1/8+1/8))=−0.3536

Sp 2.700862
tc -0.35359
STEP 5 |tc| < |tt| Do not Reject Ho
Do not Reject Ho

STEP 6 At 95% confidence, there is no difference in mean yield of the chemical process between ca
talyst 2 is acceptable.
he process yield. A test is run in the pilot plant

? Use α = 0.05, and assume equal variances.

een catalyst 1 and catalyst 2

en catalyst 1 and catalyst 2

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Catalyst 1 Catalyst 2
Mean 92.255 92.7325
Variance 5.688314 8.900993
Observations 8 8
Pooled Variance 7.294654
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 14
t Stat -0.353591
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.364457
t Critical one-tail 1.76131
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.728914
t Critical two-tail 2.144787
e chemical process between catalyst 1 and catalyst 2
Two catalysts are being analyzed to determine how they affect the mean
yield of a chemical process. Specifically, catalyst 1 is currently used; but catalyst 2 is acceptable.
Because catalyst 2 is cheaper, it should be adopted, if it does not change the process yield. A test is run in
and results in the data shown. The table presents a normal probability plot and a comparative box plot
of the data from the two samples. Is there any difference in the mean yields? Use α = 0.01,

No. Catalyst 1 Catalyst 2

1 92 87
2 96 88
3 86 94
4 98 85
5 85 88
6 85 88
7 94 94
8 88 86
mean 90.5000 88.7500
std dev 5.1824 3.4122
var 26.8571 11.6429

STEP 1 Ho µ1 = µ2
There is no difference in mean yield of the chemical process between catalyst 1 and catalyst 2
Ha µ1 ≠ µ2
There is a difference in mean yield of the chemical process between catalyst 1 and catalyst 2

STEP 2 n1 8 𝑑𝑓=( 〖 "5.1824 " 〗 ^2/8+ 〖 "3.4122 " 〗 ^2/8)^2/(( 〖 "5.18

n2 8 〗 ^2⁄8)^2/(8−1)+( 〖 "3.4122 " 〗 ^2⁄8)^2/(8−1))=12.1 𝑜𝑟 1
α 0.01 2-tailed

STEP 3 tt 3.05454

STEP 4

𝑡_𝑐=(("90.5000 " −"88.7500 " )−0)/√( 〖 "5.1824

" 〗 ^2/8+ 〖 "3.4122 " 〗 ^2/8)=0.7977

tc 0.797724

STEP 5 |tc| < |tt| Do not Reject Ho

Do not Reject Ho

STEP 6 At 99% confidence, there is no difference in mean yield of the chemical process between ca
alyst 2 is acceptable.
e process yield. A test is run in the pilot plant
nd a comparative box plot
? Use α = 0.01, and assume unequal variances.

en catalyst 1 and catalyst 2

n catalyst 1 and catalyst 2

.4122 " 〗 ^2/8)^2/(( 〖 "5.1824 "

〗 ^2⁄8)^2/(8−1))=12.1 𝑜𝑟 12" "

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Catalyst 1 Catalyst 2
Mean 90.5 88.75
Variance 26.85714 11.642857142857
Observations 8 8
Hypothesized Mean Diff 0
df 12
t Stat 0.797724
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.220266
t Critical one-tail 2.680998
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.440531
t Critical two-tail 3.05454

chemical process between catalyst 1 and catalyst 2

 A reading center claims that students will perform better on a standardized reading test af
through the reading course offered by their center. The table shows the reading scores of 6
before and after the course. At 𝛼 = 0.05, is there enough evidence to conclude that the studen
after the course are better than the scores before the course?
Student 1 2 3 4 5 6
mu1 Score (before) 85 96 70 76 81 78
mu2 Score (after) 88 85 89 86 92 89
D -3 11 -19 -10 -11 -11
bar D -7.1667
SD 10.2453

STEP 1 H0: 𝝁_𝑫=𝟎

(The students’ scores after the exams are not better.)
mu1 < mu2 Ha: 𝝁_𝑫<𝟎
(The students’ scores after the exams are better.)

STEP 2
Level of significance, α = 0.05 ; Left-Tailed; n = 6; df = 6-1 = 5
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Me
STEP 3 tt -2.015048

STEP 4 Mean
𝑡_𝑐=(𝐷 ̅−𝜇_𝐷)/(𝑠_𝐷⁄√𝑛)=(−7.167−0)/ Variance
(10.245⁄√6)=−1.714 Observations
Pearson Correlation
Hypothesized Mean D
tc -1.713433 df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
STEP 5 |tc| < |tt| Do not Reject Ho t Critical one-tail
Do not Reject Ho P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail
STEP 6 At 95% confidence, the students’ scores after the exams are not better after taking the course
At 95% confidence, the students’ scores after the exams are not better after taking the course
rdized reading test after going
e reading scores of 6 students
nclude that the students’ scores

ired Two Sample for Means

Score (before) Score (after)

81 88.166666666667
79.2 6.1666666666667
6 6
-0.4434434537
0
5
-1.7134330018
0.0736518696
2.0150483733
0.1473037393
2.5705818356
er taking the course
er taking the course