Sulaimani Polytechnic University
Technical College of Engineering
Petroleum and Energy Engineering Department
Methods of Pressure Measurement
Prepared By: Solin Ali Ahmad
Supervisor: Mr. Tozhar
Date: Dec 10, 2023
Content
✓ Introduction
✓ Aim of device
✓ Types of devices
✓ Calculation
✓ Discussion
✓ Figure
✓ Conclusion
✓ Reference
Introduction
Pressure measurement is the quantification of force
applied to a given area, a crucial parameter in various
fields. It involves assessing the force exerted by a fluid
(liquid or gas) on its surroundings. This measurement is
pivotal in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare,
meteorology, and engineering. Various methods,
including manometers, Bourdon tubes, and electronic
sensors, are employed to gauge pressure. The accuracy
and choice of measurement method depend on factors
such as the application, required precision, and
environmental conditions. Accurate pressure
measurement is fundamental for ensuring the proper
functioning of machinery, designing structures,
monitoring weather, and maintaining optimal conditions
in diverse processes.
Aim of devices
1. To get familiar with pressure gauges.
2. Pressure measurement with a U-tube (liquid column
gauge) and a bourdon gauge. Measurement of the
absolute and relative pressure at two locations of the
pipe system.
3. Flow rate measurement with an orifice plate meter and
a metering tank.
4. Calibration of a bourdon gauge.
Types of devices
Pressure can be measured using various methods.
Common types include absolute pressure, gauge pressure,
and differential pressure. Absolute pressure measures
pressure relative to a perfect vacuum, while gauge
pressure measures relative to atmospheric pressure.
Differential pressure is the difference between two
pressures, useful in flow measurement and level
detection. Each type serves specific industrial and
scientific purposes there are 3 types of pressure:
1. Absolute pressure: it is defined as a pressure that is
measured with reference to the absolute zero or complete
vacuum pressure. The absolute pressure formula is (P
absolute= P atmosphere + P gauge)
2. Gauge pressure: it is defined as a pressure that is
measured with the help of pressure-measuring instruments
in which the atmospheric pressure is that the atmospheric
pressure on the datum. The atmospheric pressure on the
scale is marked as 0.
3. Vacuum pressure: it is defined as the pressure below
the atmospheric pressure, the relationship between the
absolute pressure, gauge pressure.
Calculation
U-TUBE (absolute)
H1 H2
290mm=0.29m 410mm=0.41m
U-TUBE (vacuum)
H1 H2
430mm=0.43m 280mm=0.28m
H(abs)=h2-h1=0.41-0.29=0.12m
H(vac)=h2-h1=0.28-0.43=0.15m
P(abs)=gh=10009.81(0.12) =1177.2pas
P(vac)=gh= 10009.81(0.15) =1471.5pas
Pw=p1-p2=2800-101.325=2698.6 (absolute)
Pw= p1-p2=-2600-101.325=-2701.3 (vacuum)
Include (absolute)
H1 H2
310mm=0,31m 460mm=0,46m
Include (vacuum)
H1 H2
460mm=0,46m 310mm=0.31m
H(abs)= h2cos30h1 = 0,46cos30(310) = 0.088m
H(vac)= h2cos30h1 = 0.31cos30(0.46) =0.19m
P(abs)= gh= 10009.81(0.088) = 863.2 pas
P(vac)= gh= 10009.81(0.19) =1863.9 pas
Pw= p1-p2= 10000-101.325= 9898.6 (absolute)
Pw= p1-p2= -10000-101.325= -9898.6 (vacuum)
Discussion
Q/ What are some common methods of pressure
measurement?
A: Common methods include manometers, Bourdon tubes,
diaphragm sensors, piezoelectric sensors, and pressure
transducers.
Q/ What does advantage of pressure measurement?
*Safety assurance
*Process optimization
*Quality control in manufacturing
Q/ What does disadvantage of pressure measurement?
*Complexity and cost
*Compatibility issue
Figure
1-U-tube manometer
2-inclined tube manometer
3-callibration device with bourdon tube pressure gauge
4-bourdon tube pressure gauge for positive pressure
5-bourdon tube pressure gauge for negative pressure
Conclusion
In conclusion, pressure measurement is a vital aspect of diverse
industries and scientific disciplines, serving as a cornerstone for
safety, efficiency, and quality control. The ability to accurately
quantify force applied to a given area enables precise control of
industrial processes, ensures the reliability of equipment, and
contributes to the optimization of various applications. From
healthcare monitoring to meteorological predictions, pressure
measurement plays a pivotal role in safeguarding systems,
regulating processes, and advancing scientific understanding.
While challenges such as calibration and sensitivity to
environmental conditions exist, ongoing technological
advancements continue to enhance the reliability and
applicability of pressure measurement methods. In essence, the
advantages of pressure measurement far outweigh its potential
drawbacks, making it an indispensable tool for maintaining
operational integrity and achieving optimal performance across
a wide range of fields.
Reference
❖https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_measureme
nt
❖https://www.hds.bme.hu/letoltesek/targyak/BMEGE
VGBG01_ENG/IME_5_Pressure.pdf
❖https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/wl-203-
fundamentals-pressure-measurement-
21135922791.html
❖https://www.systemes-
didactiques.fr/doc/catalogues/GU4-GUNT-GB.pdf
