Chapter 28

Communication Systems

Solutions

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Out of the following, which is not an essential element of a communication system?
(1) Transmitter (2) Transducer
(3) Receiver (4) Communication channel
Sol. Answer (2)

2. A device which provides output in electrical form or it has input in electrical form is called a
(1) Transmitter (2) Receiver (3) Repeater (4) Transducer
Sol. Answer (4)

3. Decrease in signal strength due to energy losses is called

(1) Distortion (2) Interference (3) Attenuation (4) Noise
Sol. Answer (3)

4. The disturbance or distortion in the transmission and processing of message signals is called
(1) Noise (2) Attenuation (3) Interference (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)

5. A repeater is a combination of
(1) Receiver (2) Amplifier (3) Transmitter (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)

6. The audible range of frequencies is'

(1) 20 kHz to 20 MHz (2) 20 Hz to 20 kHz (3) 20 Hz to 20 MHz (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Audio range is from 20 Hz - 20 kHz.

7. The frequency band of FM broadcast is

(1) 88 MHz to 108 MHz (2) 88 Hz to 88 kHz (3) 800 kHz to 8000 MHz (4) 20 Hz to 20 kHz
Sol. Answer (1)
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8. If  is wavelength of radio signals to be transmitted, then the length of Hertz antenna is
 
(1)  (2) (3) (4) 2
4 2
Sol. Answer (3)

9. Modulation is necessary
(1) To select suitable size of antenna
(2) To increase effective power radiated by antenna
(3) To avoid mixing up of signals from different transmitters
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)

10. A device that connects one computer to another across ordinary telephone lines is called
(1) Transducer (2) Fax (3) Modem (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)

11. Three waves A, B and C of frequencies 1600 kHz, 5 MHz and 60 MHz, respectively are to be transmitted from
one place to another. Which of the following is the most appropriate mode of communication?
(1) A is transmitted via space wave while B and C are transmitted via sky wave
(2) A is transmitted via ground wave, B via sky wave and C via space wave
(3) B and C are transmitted via ground wave while A is transmitted via sky wave
(4) B is transmitted via ground wave while A and C are transmitted via space wave
Sol. Answer (2)
For ground wave propagation, the frequency range is 530 kHz to 1710 kHz. For sky wave propagation, the
frequency range is 1710 kHz to 40 MHz. For space wave propagation, the frequency range is 54 MHz to
4.2 GHz. Thus option (2) is correct.

12. The velocity of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium (refractive index  = 4) is

(1) 3  108 metre/second (2) 1.5  108 metre/second
(3) 6  108 metre/second (4) 7.5  107 metre/second
Sol. Answer (4)

3  108 3  108
c   7.5  107 ms–1
r 4

13. A speech signal of 3 kHz used to modulate a carrier signal of frequency 1 MHz, using amplitude modulation.
The frequencies of the side bands will be
(1) 1.003 MHz and 0.997 MHz (2) 3001 kHz and 2997 kHz
(3) 1003 kHz and 1000 kHz (4) 1 MHz and 0.997 MHz
Sol. Answer (1)
Here,  = 1 MHz,  = 3 kHz = 0.003 MHz
Using amplitude modulation, the frequencies of the side band = ( + ) and ( – )
= (1 + 0.003) and (1 – 0.003) = 1.003 MHz and 0.997 MHz
Thus option (1) is correct.

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182 Communication Systems Solutions of Assignment

14. An ‘antenna’ is
(1) Inductive (2) Capacitative
(3) Resistive above its resonance frequency (4) Both inductive and capacitive
Sol. Answer (1)
Antenna is inductive.

15. A message signal of frequency m is superposed on a carrier wave of frequency c to get an amplitude
modulated wave (AM). The frequency of the AM wave will be

c   m c   m
(1) m (2) c (3) (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
In amplitude modulation the frequency of modulated wave is equal to the frequency of carrier wave.
Thus option (2) is correct.

16. A male voice after modulation-transmission sounds like that of a female to the receiver. The problem is due
to
(1) Poor selection of modulation index (selected 0 < m < 1)
(2) Poor bandwidth selection of amplifiers
(3) Poor selection of carrier frequency
(4) Loss of energy in transmission
Sol. Answer (2)
The frequency of male voice is less than that of a female voice. In the given problem, the frequency of
modulated signal received becomes more, which is possible with the poor band width selection of amplifiers.
It is so because band width in amplitude modulation = twice the frequency of modulating signal.

17. A basic communication system consists of

A. Transmitter
B. Information source
C. User of information
D. Channel
E. Receiver
Choose the correct sequence in which these are arranged in a basic communication system
(1) ABCDE (2) BADEC (3) BDACE (4) BEADC
Sol. Answer (2)

18. Identify the mathematical expression for amplitude modulated wave

(1) (Ac + Amsinmt)cos(ct + ) (2) Acsin{ct +  + k2m(t)}
(3) {Ac + k2m(t)}sin(ct + ) (4) Acm(t)sin[ct +]
Sol. Answer (1)

19. The distance between consecutive maxima and minima is given by

(1) /2 (2) 2 (3)  (4) /4
Sol. Answer (4)

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Solutions of Assignment Communication Systems 183
20. Long distance short-wave radio broad-casting uses
(1) Ground wave (2) Ionospheric wave (3) Direct wave (4) Sky wave
Sol. Answer (2)
Long distances short wave radio-broad-casting uses ionospheric waves.

21. Broadcasting antennas are generally

(1) Omnidirectional type (2) Vertical type (3) Horizontal type (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Broad-casting antennas are vertical type.

22. For television broadcasting, the frequency employed is normally

(1) 30 - 300 MHz (2) 30 - 300 GHz (3) 30 - 300 kHz (4) 30 - 300 Hz
Sol. Answer (1)
Television broadcasting frequency range is from 30 - 300 MHz

23. The sound waves after being converted into electrical waves are not transmitted as such because
(1) They travel with the speed of sound
(2) The frequency is not constant
(3) They are highly absorbed by the atmosphere
(4) The height of antenna has to be increased several times
Sol. Answer (3)

24. The process of superimposing signal frequency (i.e., audio wave) on the carrier wave is known as
(1) Transmission (2) Reception (3) Modulation (4) Detection
Sol. Answer (3)

25. In an amplitude modulated wave for audio -frequency of 500 cycles/second, the appropriate carrier frequency
will be
(1) 50 cycles/s (2) 100 cycles/s (3) 500 cycles/s (4) 50,000 cycles/s
Sol. Answer (4)

26. If there were no atmosphere, the average temperature on the surface of earth would be
(1) Lower (2) Higher (3) Same as now (4) 0°C
Sol. Answer (1)

27. The T.V. transmission tower in Delhi has a height of 240 m. The distance up to which the broadcast can be
received, (taking the radius of earth to be 6.4  106 m) is
(1) 100 km (2) 60 km (3) 55 km (4) 50 km
Sol. Answer (3)

28. Radio wave of constant amplitude can be generated with

(1) Filter (2) Rectifier (3) FET (4) Oscillator
Sol. Answer (4)

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29. Ozone layer above earth’s atmosphere will not

(1) Prevent infrared radiations from sun reaching earth
(2) Prevent infrared rays reflected from earth from escaping earth’s atmosphere
(3) Prevent ultraviolet rays from sun
(4) Reflect back radiowaves
Sol. Answer (4)

30. An audio signal of 0.1 V is used in amplitude modulation of a career wave of amplitude 0.3. The modulation
index is
1
(1) 3 (2) (3) 0.03 (4) None of these
3
Sol. Answer (2)
Am 0.1 1
  
Ac 0.3 3

31. The frequency of amplitude modulated wave is equal to

(1) Frequency of carrier wave (fc) (2) Frequency of modulating signal (fm)
fc  fm fc  fm
(3) (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
Frequency of amplitude modulated wave is equal to frequency of carrier wave.

32. The radio waves of frequency ranging from 2 MHz to 30 MHz are called
(1) Sky waves (2) Ground waves (3) Space waves (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)

33. A device which connects one computer to another is known as

(1) Photostat machine (2) Laser lazer (3) Modem (4) FAX
Sol. Answer (3)

34. Loss of strength of a signal is known as

(1) Noise (2) Attenuation (3) Modulation (4) De-modulation
Sol. Answer (2)
Attenuation is the loss of signal strength.

35. Which of the following is an advantage of FM over AM?

(1) Less noise (2) Larger bandwidth
(3) More circuit complexity (4) Can be transmitted to longer distance
Sol. Answer (1)

36. The process of changing some characteristic of a carrier wave in accordance with the signal to be transmitted
is called
(1) Amplification (2) Rectification (3) Modulation (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)

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Solutions of Assignment Communication Systems 185
37. Modulation is done in
(1) Transmitter (2) Radio receiver
(3) In communication channel (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)

38. "Need for modulation" arises due to which of the following reasons?
2
⎛ 1⎞
(1) Power radiated by an antenna  ⎜ ⎟ (2) It allows multiple user-friendly communication
⎝⎠

⎛⎞
(3) Height of antenna required  ⎜ ⎟ (4) All of these
⎝4⎠
Sol. Answer (4)

39. The area of the region covered by the T.V., broadcast by a T.V. tower of height 100 m is (in m2)
(1) 8.4 × 108 (2) 1.28 × 109 (3) 1.92 × 108 (4) 8.4 × 109
Sol. Answer (2)

40. A ground receiver station is receiving a signal at 500 MHz transmitted from a ground transmitter at a height
of 300 m located at a distance of 500 km. It is coming via
(1) Ground wave (2) Space wave
(3) Sky wave (4) Satellite communication
Sol. Answer (4)

41. An information signal of 150 MHz is to be sent across a distance of 40 km. Which mode of communication
is suitable?
(1) Ground wave propagation (2) Space wave propagation
(3) Sky wave propagation (4) Satellite communication
Sol. Answer (2)

42. In an AM wave for audio frequency of 3400 cycle/s, the appropriate carrier frequency will be
(1) 1000 Hz (2) 34000 MHz (3) 60000 Hz (4) 800,000 Hz
Sol. Answer (4)

43. For VHF television broadcasting, the frequency employed is generally

(1) 54 - 72 MHz (2) 420 - 890 MHz (3) 540 - 1600 kHz (4) 88 - 108 kHz
Sol. Answer (1)

44. On a particular day, the maximum frequency reflected from the ionosphere is 10 MHz. The maximum electron
density in ionosphere is
(1) 106/m3 (2) 1012/m3 (3) 1.23 × 1012/m3 (4) 1/9 × 106/m3
Sol. Answer (3)

45. Line of sight (LOS) communication is also known as

(1) Ground wave communication (2) Space wave communication
(3) Sky wave communication (4) Ionospheric communication
Sol. Answer (2)

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186 Communication Systems Solutions of Assignment

46. If a carrier wave of 1000 kHz is used to carry the signal, the length of transmitting antenna will be equal to

(1) 3 m (2) 30 m (3) 75 m (4) 3000 m

Sol. Answer (3)

47. Modem is a device used for

(1) Converting digital signals to analog signals (2) Converting analog signals to digital signals

(3) Either of these (4) None of these

Sol. Answer (3)

48. In frequency modulation, the amount of frequency deviation depends on the

(1) Frequency of audio signal (2) Amplitude of audio signal

(3) Both the frequency and amplitude of audio signal (4) None of these

Sol. Answer (2)

49. The communication satellites are parked at a height of (from surface of earth)

(1) 36 km (2) 360 km (3) 3600 km (4) 36000 km

Sol. Answer (4)

50. 3-30 MHz frequency range is known as

(1) HF (2) VHF (3) UHF (4) MF

Sol. Answer (1)

51. Long distance short wave radio broadcasting uses

(1) Ground wave (2) Sky wave (3) Direct wave (4) Space wave

Sol. Answer (2)

52. A photodetector is made from a compound semiconductor with band gap 0.73eV. The maximum wavelength
it can detect is

(1) 12400 Å (2) 17030 Å (3) 6200 Å (4) 1703 Å

Sol. Answer (2)

53. Satellite communication is generally carried out for frequencies above

(1) 1 MHz (2) 1 kHz (3) 20 MHz (4) 20 kHz

Sol. Answer (3)

54. Digital signals

(1) Do not provide a continuous set of values (2) Utilize binary systems

(3) Ensures error and noise free communication (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

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Solutions of Assignment Communication Systems 187

SECTION - B
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
The efficient transmission of signals is achieved by superimposing electrical audio signals on a high frequency
carrier wave (the process is known as modulation). When the amplitude of high frequency carrier wave is
changed in accordance with the intensity of modulating signal, it is called amplitude modulation. The extent
to which the amplitude of carrier wave is changed by the signal is described by modulation factor. It is given
as

Amplitude change of carrier wave

m
Amplitude of unmodulated carrier wave

Let a carrier wave is represented by

vc=Vccosct
Let the modulation factor be m, the maximum change in amplitude of carrier wave is mVc.
So, modulating signal can be represented as
vm = mVccosmt
So, the amplitude of modulated wave is
= Vc + mVccosmt
Using this value, the instantaneous voltage of modulated wave is

mVc
E  Vc cos c t  cos(c  m )t  mVc cos(c  m )t
2 2
The above wave contains three frequencies namely, f c, f c + f m and f c – f m.The frequencies f c + f m and
fc – fm are called side band frequencies, USB and LSB respectively.

1. If modulation factor is 100%, the amplitude change of carrier wave is

(1) Equal to amplitude of modulating signal
(2) Equal to amplitude of unmodulated carrier wave
(3) Equal to amplitude of modulated wave
(4) Equal to zero
Sol. Answer (2)

2. The fraction of total power carried by side band frequencies is

m2 2  m2
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4) m2
2  m2 m2

Sol. Answer (2)

3. The AM wave contains three frequencies. The difference of higher and lower frequency (called band-width) is
equal to
(1) Twice of signal frequency (2) Twice of carrier wave frequency
(3) Twice of modulated wave frequency (4) Twice of carrier wave + signal frequency
Sol. Answer (1)

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188 Communication Systems Solutions of Assignment

Comprehension-II
Perhaps, the most commonly used mode of communication involves use of free space as a communication
channel between transmitter and receiver. The various possible modes of using of free space have been
described below
Ground wave communication : This mode is used for low frequency as at high frequency, losses become
large. This is useful for distance of the order of 1 km.
Space wave communication : The signals are transmitted directly from transmitter to receiver. There is no
limit to upper frequency, but its range is limited to few hundred kilometers. The range depends on the height
of transmitting antenna.
Sky wave communication : The signals are sent towards sky. They are reflected back towards earth by iono-
sphere. Its range can be above 500 km. But, very high frequencies (above 10 MHz) are not reflected back.
Satellite communication : The signals that cannot be reflected back by ionosphere are reflected back by
satellite. Moon is a passive satellite of earth.
Choose the correct answer :

1. A receiver receives a signal of frequency 108 MHz from a transmitter 300 km away. It must be coming via
(1) Ground wave communication (2) Space wave communication
(3) Sky wave communication (4) Satellite communication
Sol. Answer (4)

2. The frequency range allotted to FM radio broadcast is 88 MHz to 108 MHz. Which of the following
communication channels can be used for its transmission?
(1) Sky wave communication only
(2) Space wave communication only
(3) Satellite communication only
(4) Either space wave communication or satellite communication
Sol. Answer (4)

3. The cordless phone installed in a house uses

(1) Ground wave communication (2) Space wave communication
(3) Sky wave communication (4) Satellite communication
Sol. Answer (1)

SECTION - C
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : The audio frequency signals (20 Hz to 20 kHz) cannot be transmitted without distortion over
long distances.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Noise has its greatest effect when the signal is weak.
Sol. Answer (1)

2. STATEMENT-1 : To avoid overlapping of signals, different broadcasting stations use different channels to
broadcast their signals.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A wide choice of channels has been made possible on account of modulation.
Sol. Answer (2)

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Solutions of Assignment Communication Systems 189
3. STATEMENT-1 : In amplitude modulation, the frequency of amplitude variation is much smaller than the
frequency of modulated wave.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Frequency of the signal is much smaller than the frequency of the carrier wave.
Sol. Answer (1)

4. STATEMENT-1 : In amplitude modulated wave, the band-width is twice the signal frequency.
and
STATEMENT-2 : In amplitude modulated wave, the bandwidth does not depend on the frequency of the carrier
wave.
Sol. Answer (2)

5. STATEMENT-1 : Noise reduction is possible in frequency modulation (FM) while it is not feasible in AM.
and
STATEMENT-2 : In FM, amplitude of transmitted signal remains constant.
Sol. Answer (1)

6. STATEMENT-1 : Communication in optical range of frequency allows a large number of channels to be

transmitted simultaneously.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The bandwidth available is directly proportional to frequency of carrier wave.
Sol. Answer (1)

7. STATEMENT-1 : The tropospheric communication (space wave) has its range limited to a few hundred
kilometers.
and
STATEMENT-2 : There is no upper limit to the frequency usable in space wave communication.
Sol. Answer (2)

8. STATEMENT-1 : The transmission using FM is more efficient as compared to AM.

and
STATEMENT-2 : In FM, amplitude and therefore power handled is constant.
Sol. Answer (1)

9. STATEMENT-1 : A photodiode is used in receivers in optical communication.

and
STATEMENT-2 : The photodiode has a resistance that varies according to intensity of light incident on it.
Sol. Answer (2)

10. STATEMENT-1 : A metal sphere revolving around earth in a geostationary orbit can act as a communication
satellite.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A weather forecast satellite must have a reception, transmission and amplification system.
Sol. Answer (2)

  
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