SESSION-2
For: MET College of Architecture, Nashik
SUBJECT:
CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
Ar. Rahul Londhe
5TH SEM COURSE
1. NATURAL VENTILATION
1.1 Conditions for Human Thermal Comfort
1.2 Factors Affecting Natural ventilation
1.3 Strategies to effect Natural Ventilation
2. MECHANICAL VENTILATION
2.1 System for mechanical ventilation
2.2 Components of Mechanical Ventilation
2.3 Mechanical Ventilation Schematic Design
2.4 Introduction to Psychometric charts
3. HEATING AND COOLING
3.1 Passive heating and Cooling techniques
3.2 Low energy Mechanical Cooling techniques
Ar. Rahul Londhe
5TH SEM COURSE
4. AIRCONDITIONING
4.1 Principals of Air conditioning system
4.2 Components of Air conditioning system
4.3 Types of Air Conditioning systems
4.4 Case Study/ Site Visit for Air conditioning system
4.5 Air Conditioning Ducting Layout, calculations etc.
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SUCCESS FOR YOU AS ARCHITECTS:
Your designed spaces to have----
• Planning---
• Zoning, logical arrangement of spaces, circulations etc
•Proportions / Scale / Sizing as per Human anthropometry
• Light and Ventilation (Natural or Mechanical)
• Effective use of Materials
• Environment responsive Designs
• Cosmetics, Aesthetics
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NATURAL VENTILATION
HUMAN COMFORT CONDITIONS-------------------------
AIR / Freshness of AIR
It shall be of right temperature (Relative Temperature
w.r.t Human body and surroundings) 24 deg to 28 deg
Shall have desired relative humidity (35% to 65%)
It shall circulate in an environment with appropriate
velocity (100 feet per minute upto 150 feet per minute)
It shall be free from impurities (Dust, Odour, suspended
impurities)
Shall have adequate % of Oxygen and less Carbon
Dioxide
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VENTILATION
VENTILATION
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
Architectural planning Science and know how
Use of Materials Calculations
Size and Orientation of Openings Harmonious Architectural Design
Study of Sun-Path and Wind diagrams
Landscaping, Water bodies Type & use of building
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VENTILATION
VENTILATION
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
FORCED VENTILATION AIR CONDITIONING
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NATURAL VENTILATION
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Natural Ventilation is the process of Supplying and Removing air
from a designed space by virtue of natural design means, like
openings, windows, vents etc.
Natural ventilation needs to be designed with thorough study of
surrounding environment and designing the openings accordingly.
Thus, it does not involve any external form of energy supply or any
mechanical equipment
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Basic Air Flow Principals:
Air will always travel from HIGH pressure zone to Low
Pressure zone
In a given space Hot Air rises up (warm air), Cold Air
tends to settle down
Velocity of Air is high at higher magnitudes
Sleeker or thinner the Build Space, Better is the Air flow
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Wind flow and effects on buildings:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Wind flow and effects on buildings:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Types / Techniques to achieve Natural ventilation:
•STACK EFFECT
•WIND TOWER
•COURTYARD EFFECT
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Types / Techniques to achieve Natural ventilation:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Types / Techniques to achieve Natural ventilation:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Types / Techniques to achieve Natural ventilation:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Types / Techniques to achieve Natural ventilation:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Types / Techniques to achieve Natural ventilation:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Types / Techniques to achieve Natural ventilation:
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NATURAL VENTILATION
External Features for Natural Ventilation :
•Orientation of Buildings
•Position of Openings
•Cross Ventilation
•Size of Openings
•Opening Types
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NATURAL VENTILATION
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NATURAL VENTILATION
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NATURAL VENTILATION
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NATURAL VENTILATION
Openings and windows placed on opposite sides gives
natural Breeze a Pathway through the structure
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ASSIGNMENT :
1. Design openinings in interesting ways to achieve natural
ventilation for following spaces. Label each technique used,
and explain your design in detail
2. Study any famous building / structure / space you know,
which has designed for Natural Ventilation. Make a Hand
drawn / powerpoint presentation.
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
Mechanical Ventilation is a system, neatly designed, in order to circulate
fresh air within the said given space and also to extract out unhealthy
air from the same space, thereby maintaining a habitable air flow.
The same is done by virtue of mechanical equipments likes Fans /
Ducts etc. This system dont rely on the traditional natural ventilation
techniques.
3 types of Mechanical Ventilation Methods:
1. Natural IN---Mechanical OUT:
2. Mechanical IN---Natural OUT:
3. Mechanical IN---MechanicalOUT:
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
1. Natural IN---Mechanical OUT:
It is most commonly used system, for Large Kitchens, workshops, laboratories,
Hotel Toilets, garages, assembly halls.
Here the fans creates a negative pressure on the inlet side, and thus causes
the Air inside the room to move towards the fan, and the room air is displaced
by fresh Air from outside the room.
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
1. Mechanical IN--- Natural OUT:
This type of system is used in specific climatic condition (winter) and for
specific use only.
In this system the Entry Air may be required to be heated first and then
supplied to the space inside. As the air cools due to atmospheric it is reheated
through a unit and the re-supplied
The air may be heated in central plant and ducted to various rooms, or unit fan
convertor may be used. Such mechanisms can be used in Boiler rooms,
certain specialised factories
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
1. Mechanical IN--- Mechanical OUT:
As the name Suggests in this system the Fans / Ducts are used to supply as
well as exhaust air from a given premises. This is the most benefited system of
the two, as the quality f air supplied and exhausted can be fully controlled.
Used for Double level basements, with air conditoning used for many public
spaces like cinema halls, Theatre, offices, departmental stores etc.
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
TYPES OF FANS USED
There are Basic Two types of Fans Used for Mechanical Ventilation system
Fans are selected on basis of --
•Centrifugal fan •Volume of Air
•Flow Rate
•Space Limitations and Efficiency
•Axial Fan
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
Centrifugal Fans
•They Change their Air Direction– Suction and Discharge directions are
different
•They are able to produce high air pressures.
•Three types of Centrifugal Fans are---
• Radial Fans
• Forward Curve fans and
• Backward curved fans
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
Axial Fans
Axial Fans are meant for uni-directional flow, i.e suction and discharge at same
axis
They are able to produce medium to high pressures.
Three types of AxialFans are---
Tube Axial---- They have a wheel housed within a cylindrical casing
Vane Axial------ They are similar to Tube Axial Fans but they have guide vanes in order
for straitening the flow
Propeller– designed to work at low speeds and used for household and smaller
applications, More commanly known as exhaust fans
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
Axial Fans
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
(FORCED VENTILATION)
Example of a Basement ventilation
Calculations on—
No. of Fans / Sizes/ Duct Sizes etc.
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NATURAL V/S MECHANICAL VENTILATION
NATURAL MECHANICAL
ADVANTAGES- ADVANTAGES-
•Requires extreme low energy / •Quality of air is constantly under
electricity thereby reducing overall control (temperature, humidity, airflow
cost. and impurities)
•No dependency on any machines/ •Less dependency on changing
equipments thereby environmentally environmental conditions.
sustainable. •Suitable for large scale offices, multi
•Excellent for single unit occupancies storied buildings where more human
such as bungalows, offices. traffic is intended.
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NATURAL V/S MECHANICAL VENTILATION
NATURAL MECHANICAL
CHALLENGES- CHALLENGES
•Needs to be designed after thorough •High capital cost due to large scale
study of the micro climatic conditions equipments and machines.
of a property. •High on space requirements.
•Dependency on steady •Not suitable for small scale
environmental conditions which is a budgetary projects.
rare phenomena. •Also involves periodical
•Quality of air is not under control and maintenance, drawing consistent
thus air might have suspended / non operational cost.
suspended impurities.
•Proves to be ineffective for a multi
occupancy buildings or large scale
buildings.
Ar. Rahul Londhe
