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Circuits Experiment 5

This document describes an experiment on operational amplifiers (op amps) and summing amplifier circuits. It introduces op amp terminology and characteristics. The objectives are to learn about op amp terminals, voltages, and currents, as well as inverting and noninverting summing amplifier circuits. Examples of inverting and noninverting summing amplifier circuits are provided and analyzed using node voltage methods. Questions are provided to solve analytically before building the circuits in the lab. Equipment needed and experimental procedures are outlined to construct and test inverting and noninverting summing amplifier circuits.

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27 views4 pages

Circuits Experiment 5

This document describes an experiment on operational amplifiers (op amps) and summing amplifier circuits. It introduces op amp terminology and characteristics. The objectives are to learn about op amp terminals, voltages, and currents, as well as inverting and noninverting summing amplifier circuits. Examples of inverting and noninverting summing amplifier circuits are provided and analyzed using node voltage methods. Questions are provided to solve analytically before building the circuits in the lab. Equipment needed and experimental procedures are outlined to construct and test inverting and noninverting summing amplifier circuits.

Uploaded by

ilker.ozcelikkan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circuits Theory Laboratory, Fall 2022

CIRCUITS LABORATORY
Experiment # 5:
Op amps: The Summing Amplifier Circuit

OBJECTIVES

The main purpose of the experiment is to introduce you to operational amplifier (Op amp).
Firstly, op amp terminals and terminal voltages and currents are explained. Then, voltage
characteristic of an op amp is given. Lastly, some illustrative examples for inverting amplifier
circuits are studied. Additionally, LM741 is introduced for experimental works.

INFORMATION

Opamps

An operational amplifier (Op amp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier


with a different input and, usually, a single-ended output. An op amp produces an output voltage
that is typically hundreds of thousands times larger than the voltage difference between its input
terminals [1].

Fig. 1 Circuit Symbol for an Opamp

As seen from the figure, an op amp contains the five terminals of primary interest. The
noninverting input terminal is labeled plus (+), and the inverting input terminal is labeled minus
(-). The power supply terminals, which are always drawn outside the triangle, are marked 𝑉+and
𝑉−. The terminal at the apex of the triangular box is always understood to be the output terminal.

The terminal voltage and current variables are given in Fig. 2. The Vn and in represent the
inverting input voltage and current, respectively. Similarly, same notation used to describe
output and noninverting input voltage and current. The output voltage of the op amp is linearly
proportional to the voltage difference between the input voltages (Vn and Vp). However, the
output voltage is limited to the range 𝑉− ≤ 𝑉 ≤ 𝑉+. The range 𝑉− ≤ 𝑉 ≤ 𝑉+ is often called the
linear region of the amplifier, and when the output swings to 𝑉− or 𝑉+, the op amp is said to be
saturated.

For an ideal op amp, Vn is equal to Vp that is defined the input voltage constraint (virtual short
concept) for an ideal op amp. Similarly, in and ip are equal to zero which is the input current
constraint for an ideal op amp.
Circuits Theory Laboratory, Fall 2022

Fig. 2 Voltage and Current Variables for an Op amp

The Inverting Summing Amplifier Circuit

An inverting summing amplifier circuit is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 An Inverting Summing Amplifier Circuit

In order to analyze the circuit, the relationship between input and output must be considered.
Now, the node voltage method is used to find input-output equation:

𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −( 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 + 𝑉 )
𝑅𝑖𝑛1 𝑅𝑖𝑛2 𝑅𝑖𝑛3 𝑖𝑛3

The Noninverting Summing Amplifier Circuit

A noninverting summing amplifier circuit is shown in Fig. 4.


Circuits Theory Laboratory, Fall 2022

Fig. 4 A Noninverting Summing Amplifier Circuit

LM741

Fig. 4 shows the pinout representation of LM741. As seen from the figure, pin1 and pin5 are
used to provide offset to op amp. However, in most case, the offset terminals are unused. pin2
and pin3 connect inverting and noninverting inputs, respectively. pin4 supply negative power
and similarly pin7 supplies positive power to op amp. pin8 stands for not connected (NC). The
detailed information about the LM741 could be found in [2].

Fig. 5 Pinout Representation of LM741

PRELIMINARY WORK

i- Study Information section carefully.


ii- Solve all questions that are given below section by hand.
iii-Write down your solutions on a clear white A4 size paper and give it to the instructor
before laboratory hours.

EQUIPMENT LIST

i- Oscilloscope
ii- Function Generator
iii-Multimeter
iv-Breadboard
v- Wire
vi- Resistors: 8 x 1kΩ,
vii- Op amp : 2x LM741
Circuits Theory Laboratory, Fall 2022

QUESTIONS

a) An inverting summing amplifier circuit is given in Fig. 3. Assume that 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 =
𝑉𝑖𝑛3 = 2𝑉 and all resistors are 1 kΩ.

Before the experiment, find Vout.


b) Repeat a) for 𝑅𝑓 = 10𝑘𝛺.
c) Repeat a) for all resistors are 1 kΩ and 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 = 1𝑉, 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 = 5𝑉, 𝑉𝑖𝑛3 = −2𝑉.
d) A noninverting summing amplifier circuit is given in Fig. 4. Assume that 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 =
2𝑉 and all resistors are 1 kΩ.
e) Repeat d) for 𝑅𝑓 = 10𝑘𝛺.
f) Repeat d) for all resistors are 1 kΩ and 𝑉1 = 10𝑉, 𝑉2 = 1𝑉.

EXPERIMENT

An Inverting Summing Amplifier Circuit

a) Construct the inverting summing amplifier circuit is given in Fig. 3. Assume that 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 =
𝑉𝑖𝑛2 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛3 = 2𝑉 and all resistors are 1 kΩ.
Find 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 with a multimeter.
b) Repeat a) for 𝑅𝑓 = 10𝑘𝛺.
c) Repeat a) for all resistors are 1 kΩ and 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 = 1𝑉, 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 = 5𝑉, 𝑉𝑖𝑛3 = −2𝑉.

A Noninverting Summing Amplifier Circuit

a) Construct the noninverting summing amplifier circuit is given in Fig. 4. Assume that 𝑉1 =
𝑉2 = 2𝑉 and all resistors are 1 kΩ.
Find 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 with a multimeter.
b) Repeat a) for 𝑅𝑓 = 10𝑘𝛺.
c) Repeat a) for all resistors are 1 kΩ and 𝑉1 = 10𝑉, 𝑉2 = 1𝑉.

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier, 2015.


[2] http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm741.pdf, 2015.

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