Chapter - 9

Hydrogen
FAST TRACK : QUICK REVISION

 Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table and also the lightest
element known. Electronic configuration of Hydrogen is 1s1.
 Isotopes of hydrogen :
(i) Protium (11H)
(ii) Deuterium (12H or 12D)
(iii) Tritium (13H or 13T)
 Preparation of Dihydrogen :
(i) Laboratory preparation : Zn + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2.
(ii) Commercial preparation : By electrolysis of acidified water.
(iii) High purity dihydrogen is obtained by electrolysing warm aqueous
barium hydroxide.
 Properties :
* Reaction with halogen: H2 + X2 → 2HX [X = F, Cl, Br, I]
D 2H O(l);
* Reaction with oxygen: H (g) + O (g) →
2 2 2
DHø = – 285.9 kJ mol–1

D 2NH (g);
* Reaction with nitrogen: 3H2(g) + N2(g) → 3
DHø = –92 kJ mol–1
D 2MH(s)
* Reaction with alkali metals: H2(g) + 2M(g) →
It is relatively inert at room temperature due to the high H-H bond enthalpy.
 Uses of Dihydrogen :
(i) For synthesis of Ammonia (NH3)
 (ii) For production of Methanol (CH3OH)
(iii) In oxyhydrogen torches
(iv) In a fuel cell.
 Hydrides
(i) Ionic or salt like or saline hydrides are formed with most of the
s-block elements. Significant covalent character is found in LiH, BeH2
and MgH2.
(ii) Covalent or Molecular hydrides are formed with most of the p-block
elements. There are further classified as :
(a) Electron deficient hydrides are formed by group 13 elements e.g.,
B2H6. They acts as Lewis acid.
(b) Electron Precise hydrides are formed by group 14 elements e.g.,
CH4.
(c) Electron rich hydrides have lone pair of electrons on central atoms of
the molecules. Elements of group 15-17 form these types of hydrides.
NH3, HF has high m.p./b.p. due to presence of intermolecular hydrogen
bonding.
(iii) Metallic or Non-stoichiometric or Interstitial hydrides are formed
by d and f -block elements. For example La H2.87 or NiH0.6–0.7.
 Water : (H2O)
Hard water : Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts in the
form of hydrogencarbonate, chloride and sulphate. Hard water does not
give lathers with soap.
Soft water : Water free from soluble salts of calcium and magnesium is
soft water.
Types of Hardness :
Temporary hardness is due to presence of calcium or magnesium
hydrogen carbonate in water. Temporary hardness can be removed by :
(i) Boiling
(ii) Clark’s Method
Permanent hardness :
Such hardness is due to presence of calcium or magnesium chlorides and
sulphates.

Hydrogen 179
 Permanent hardness can be removed by :
(i) Treatment with washing soda
(ii) Calgon’s method
(iii) Ion exchange method.
Demineralised or Deionised water : Water free from all soluble mineral
salts is known as demineralised water.
 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
Preperation :
(i) By electrolytic oxidation of acidified sulphate solutions at high current
density.

(ii) 2-Ethylanthraquinol H2O2 + (Oxidised product)

 Physical Properties
(i) Miscible with water in all proportions.
(ii) A 30% of H2O2 solution is marked as ‘100 volume’ hydrogen
peroxide.
 Chemical Properties :
(i) It acts as an oxidising as well as reducing agent.
(ii) Oxidising action in acidic medium :
2Fe2+(aq) + 2H+ (aq) + H2O2 (aq) —→ 2Fe3+ (aq) + 2H2O(l)
(iii) Reducing action in acidic medium :
2MnO4– + 6H+ + 5H2O2 —→ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + SO2
 Storage of H2O2 :
(i) Stored in wax-linked glass or plastic vessels in dark. Urea can be
added as a stabiliser.
(ii) It is kept away from dust because dust can induce explosive
decomposition of the compound.
 Uses of H2O2 :
(i) As an antiseptic it is sold in the market name perhydrol.
(ii) In synthesis of hydroquinone.
(iii) As a bleaching agent.

180 Chemistry Class XI

 1. Auto–protolysis of water: Water accepts a proton from other water
molecule to from H3O+ and OH– this porous is called auto – protolysis of
water
H2O(l) + H2O(l) 

 H3O+ (aq) + OH– (aq)
Its significance is that water can act as acid as well as base i.e. it is
amphoteric in nature.
2. Hydrogen economy: It is transportation and storage of energy in the form
of liquid or gaseous hydrogen. Advantage of hydrogen economy is that
energy is transmitted in the form of dihydrogen and not as electric power
3. Hydrogenation: It is a process of converting polyunsaturated oils in edible
fats.
Ni
Vegetable oil + H2 > Vanaspati ghee (fat).
473K
4. Syngas: It is a mixture of CO and H2 in 1:1 ratio and also known as water
gas or syntnesis gas.
1270 K
C(s) + H2O(g) > CO2 + H2(g)
Ni
Carbon Carbon monoxide
5. Water gas shift reaction.
673 K
CO + H 2 O >CO 2 + H 2
iron chromate as catalyst

6. Fuel-cell:– Fuel cell is a cell in which chemical energy of fuel is converted

into electrical energy.
7. Structure of water: It is bent molecule in gas phase with HOH bond
angle 104.5° and O–H bond length of 95.7 pm as shown if figure

Hydrogen 181
 8. Calgon:– It is sodium polymetaphosphate (NaPO3)n it is used to remove.
Permanent hardness of water.
9. De-ionized water:– Pure di-mineralised (ionized water) free from all
soluble mineral matter is obtained by passing water successively through
a cation exchanger (in the H+ form) and an anion exchanger for removal
by cation and anions

182 Chemistry Class XI

 MIND MAP : HYDROGEN

Hydrogen
183
 CASE BASE STUDY - QUESTION

PASSAGE-I

Hydrogen is an enormously attractive fuel because it is environmental clean

'Hydrogen economy' is a new field in which it is thought that our energy needs
can be met by gaseous liquids and solid Hydrogen. Since hydrogen is not a
naturally occurring substance like coal oil or natural gas energy must be expended
to produce hydrogen before it can be used. Current researchers are therefore on
finding cheaper methods for extracting hydrogen.

1. Which fuel does produce least environmental pollution?

(a) Kerosene oil (b) Hydrogen

(c) Wood (d) Coal

2. If an isotope of hydrogen has two neutrons in its atom its atomic number and
atomic mass number will respectively be :

(a) 2 and 1 (b) 3 and 1

(c) 1 and 1 (d) 1 and 3

3. Which of the following gas is lightest?

(a) Oxygen (b) Ammonia

(c) Hydrogen (d) Helium

4. Which isotope of Hydrogen is radioactive in nature?

(a) Protium only (b) Deuterium only

(c) Deuterium and tritium (d) Tritium only

5. Liquid H2 has been used as a rocket fuel because of :

(a) High thrust

(b) Its reaction with oxygen is highly exothermic

(c) Small space it occupies

(d) All these are correct

184 Chemistry Class XI

PASSAGE-II
H2O2 is a powerful oxidizing agent it is an electron acceptor in acidic as well as
in alkaline medium. It can also act as reducing agent towards powerful oxidizing
agent. In alkaline medium the reducing nature of H2O2 is even more effective
Answer the following questions :
1. H2O2 can be prepared when the following react with H2SO4 except with

(a) BaO2 (b) PbO2

(c) Na2O2 (d) SrO2

2. In which of the following reaction H2O2 acts as a reducing agent?

(a) H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– → 2H2O (b) H2O2 – 2e– → O2 + 2H+

(c) H2O2 + 2e– → 2OH– (d) H2O2 + 2OH– – 2e– → O2 + H2O

3. The oxidant an state of oxygen in H2O2 is

(a) + 2 (b) – 2

(c) + 1 (d) – 1
4. The bleaching properties of H2O2 are due to its :

(a) Unstable nature (b) Acidic nature

(c) Reducing nature (d) Oxidising nature

5. Decolorization of acidified KMnO4 occurs when H2O2 is added to it.
This is due to :

(a) Oxidation of KMnO4

(b) Reduction of KMnO4

(c) Both oxidation and reduction of KMnO4

(d) None of the above

Ans. Passage-I : 1. (b), 2. (d), 3. (c), 4. (d), 5. (d)

Ans. Passage-II : 1. (c), 2. (b), 3. (d), 4. (d), 5. (b)

Hydrogen 185
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
1. The reagent commonly used to determine the hardness of water
titrimetrically is :
(a) Oxalic acid (b) Di sodium salt of EDTA
(c) Sodium citrate (d) Sodium thiosulphate
2. The number of H2O molecules which are involve in Hydrogen bonding
in CuSO4.5H2O molecule itself is
(a) H3PO2 (b) H3PO3 (c) H3PO4 (d) PH3
3. The reagent used for softening temporary hardness of water is
(a) Ca3 (PO4)2 (b) Ca (OH)2 (c) Na2CO3 (d) NaOH
4. D2O has higher value of following physical parameters than H2O, except
(a) Molecular Mass (b) Melting Point
(c) Density (d) Dielectric Constant
5. Hydrogen peroxide oxidises [Fe(CN)6]4– to [Fe(CN)6]3– in acidic medium
but reduces [Fe(CN)6]3– to [Fe(CN)6]4– in alkaline medium the other
products formed are respectively.
(a) (H2O + O2) and (H2O + OH–) (b) H2O and (H2O + O2)
(c) H2O and (H2O + OH–) (d) (H2O + O2) and H2O
6. Syn-gas is a mixture of
(a) CO+N2 (b) O3 (c) CO + H2 (d) CO + H2CO3
7. The electronic conguration of 'D' (Isotope of Hydrogen)
(a) 1s2 (b) 1s22s1 (c) 1s1 (d) 1s22s22p1
8. Pure water is obtained from sea water by :
(a) Centrifugation (b) Plasmolysis
(c) Reverse Osmosis (d) Sedimentation
–
9. When MnO4 reacts with H2O2 in basic medium then following species
are involved, except
(a) MnO2 (b) O2 (c) OH– (d) Mn2+
10. Select the incorrect statement for H2O2 structure
(a) It is non planar
(b) O – O bond length is more in gaseous state than in solid phase
(c) Both OH bond are in different plane
(d) O – O – H bond angle in gas phase is more than in solid phase
Ans: 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d)

186 Chemistry Class XI

 TRUE AND FALSE TYPE QUESTIONSE

1. H2O2 decomposes slowly on exposure to light.

2. H2O2 on reaction with Pbs convert Pbs into Pb.
3. Chemically calgon is sodium hexametaphosphate Na6P6O18.
4. NH3 is electron rich hydride.
5. Phosphorus form PH5.
6. H2 gas cannot reduce Pb2+ ion.
7. Hydroformylation of olefins yields aldehydes which futher undergoes
reduction to give alcohols.
8. Hydrogenation of vegetable oils using nickel as catalyst gives edible fats.
9. Ice has cage like structure with air spaces.
10. Soft water gives lather with Soap.
Ans: 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False
6. False 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Cation exchange resin contain large organic molecule with _____ group.
2. At atmospheric pressure ice crystallises in __________ for.
3. Due to high _______ of H2O, H2O has a very strong hydrating tendency.
4. Water is present in [Cr(H2O)6]3+.3Cl– in the form of _________.
5. The H-H bond dissociation enthalpy of H2 is _________, is the highest
for a single bond between two atoms of any elements.
6. In the Clark's method for softening compound _________ is used.
7. During photosynthesis H2O is __________.
8. BeH2 and MgH2 are ionic and _________ in nature.
9. When NaH is electrolysed, then _________ is released at anode.
10. Hydrated sodium aluminium silicate is ___________.
Ans: 1. SO3H 2. Hexagonal 3. Dielectric 4. Coordinated water
5. 435.88 kj mol-1 6. Ca(HCO3)2 7. Oxidised 8. Polymeric
9. H2 10. Zeolite/Permutit

Hydrogen 187
 MATCH THE COLUMNS

1. Column -I Column-II Column-III

A. Boiling p. CaCO3 1. CaZ
B. Clark's Method q. Mg(OH)2 2. Ca(OH)2
C. Washing soda r. NaAISiO4 3. CO2
D. Ion-exchange method s. NaCl 4. Na2SO4

2. Column -I Column-II
A. H2O + NH3 
 OH + NH4+ p. Hydroformylation
B. 2H2O + 2Na —→ 2NaOH + H2 q. Acid base reaction
C. P4O10 + 6H2O —→ 4H3PO4 r. Redox Reaction
D. 2H2 + CO + RCH = CH2 s. Hydrolysis reaction
—→ RCH2CH2CH2O4
Ans. 1. A→ q, 3. B → p, 2. C → s, 4 D → r, 1
2. A→ q, B → r, C → s, D→ p

ONE WORD ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Name the gas release when zinc reacts with NaOH.

2. When brine solution is electrolysed then nature of solution will be?
3. What happens when Al4C3 reacts with D2O?
4. In which medium H2O2 act as reducing agent?
5. What is the chemical name of calgon's?
6. What happens when LiH reacts with Al2C16?
7. What happens when warm aqueous Barium hydroxide solution is
electrolysed?
8. What type of particles are emitted by Tritium?
9. What is the name for the following chemical reaction?
CO(g) + H2O(g) —→ CO2(g) + H2(g)

188 Chemistry Class XI

 10. What is the term used to refer “Transportation and storage of energy in
the form of liquid or gaseous dihydrogen”
Ans: 1. H2 2. Basic 3. Al4C3 + 12D2O —→ 3CD4 + 4Al(OD)3
4. Acidic, Basic
5. Sodium hexameter phosphate (Na6P6O18)
6. 8LiH + Al2Cl6 —→ 2LiAlH4 + 6 LiCl
7. H2 gas is produced 8. β- (beta negative)
9. Water gas shift reaction 10. Hydrogen economy

ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

The questions given below consist of Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Use the
following key to select the correct answer :
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is correct explanation
for assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reasons are correct but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
1. Assertion : Hydrogen combines with other elements by losing, gaining or
sharing electrons.
Reason : Hydrogen forms electrovalent and covalent bonds with other
elements.
2. Assertion : Nascent hydrogen can discharge the pink colour of KMnO4
solution.
Reason : Nascent hydrogen is much more reactive than ordinary hydrogen.
3. Assertion : H2O2 reduces Cl2 to HCl .
Reason : H2O2 is highly reactive in nature.
4. Assertion : Calgon is used for removing Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions form hard
water.
Reason : Calgon forms precipitate with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions.
5. Assertion : Temporary hardness can be removed by the addition of lime.
Reason : Ca (HCO3)2 in hard water is converted to insoluble CaCO3 on
moderate heating.
6. Assertion : H2O2 can be used as antichlor in bleaching.
Reason : It oxidises HCl to Cl2.

Hydrogen 189
7. Assertion : Decomposition of H2O2 is a disproportionation reaction.
Reason : H2O2 undergoes simultaneous oxidation and reduction reactions.
8. Assertion : Be hydride is of covalent nature
Reason : The electronegativity difference between Be and H is very large.
9. Assertion : Permanent hardness in water is removed by treatment with
washing soda.
Reason : Washing soda reacts with soluble Mg and Ca sulphate to form
insoluble carbonates.
10. Assertion : Saline hydrides are non-volatile, non conducting and crystalline
solids.
Reason : Saline hydrides are the compounds of hydrogen with most of
p-block elements.
Ans: 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c)

1-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Name the isotope of hydrogen which is radioactive in nature. [Ans. Tritium]
2. H+ ions does not exist freely and is always associated with other atoms or
molecule. Explain.
3. Give the composition of water gas. [Ans. CO, H2]

4. Name the compound whose electrolysis in aqueous state, give high purity
(99.95%) dihydrogen. [Ans. aq Ba(OH)2 solution]

5. Give the main purpose of water gas shift reaction.
6. Write the chemical reaction occuring during coal gasification.
7. Name the element used in fuel cell for generating electricity. [Ans. H2]
8. Give an example of electron deficient covalent hydride. [Ans. B2H6]
9. Name the hydrides which have high potential for hydrogen storage.
[Ans. Metallic hydrides]

10. Name the groups in d-block elements which do not form metallic hydrides.
[Ans. 7, 8, 9]

11. H2 is relatively inert at room temperature. Explain.
12. Complete the reaction :
C(s) + H2O(g) (A) ___ (g) + (B) ___ (g) . [Ans. CO, H2]

190 Chemistry Class XI
 13. Name the phenomenon as a reason of which water has unusual boiling
point. [Ans. Extensive hydrogen bonding]
14. Draw structure of water.
15. At atmospheric pressure ices crystallised in the ......... form but at very
low temperature it condenses to ......... form. [Ans. Hexagonal, cubic]
16. Mention the temperature at which density of ice is maximum.[Ans. 4°C]
17. Density of ice is .......... than density of liquid water. [Ans. Less]
18. Complete the reaction :
2H2O(l) + 2Na(s) —→
19. How many hydrogen-bonded water molecules (s) are associted in
CuSO4.5H2O. [Ans. One]
20. Name the compound used in Clark’s method to remove temporary hardness
of water. [Ans. Lime]
21. Write the chemical formula of “Calgon”. [Ans. Na4P6O18]
22. A 30% solution of H2O2 is marketed as ........ volume.[Ans. 100 volume]
23. Draw gas phase structure of H2O2.
24. Name the organic compound whose auto-oxidation is used to produce
H2O2 commercially or industrially. [Ans. 2-Ethylanthraquinol]
25. How is heavy water obtained from ordinary water?

2-MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Complete the following reactions :
(i) CO(g) + H2(g)

(ii) Zn(s) + NaOH(aq)

2. Among NH3, H2O and HF which would you except to have highest
magnitude of hydrogen bonding and why ?
3. How do you except the metallic hydrides to be useful for hydrogen storage ?
Explain.
4. How can the production of dihydrogen obtained from “Coal gasification”
be increased ?

Hydrogen 191
 5. Write the name of isotopes of hydrogen. What is the mas ratio of these
isotopes ?
6. Complete the reactions :
(i) CO(g) + 2H2(g)

(ii) CH4(g) + H2O(g)

7. Comment on the reactions of dihydrogen with :
(i) Chlorine, (ii) Sodium.
8. Arrange the following :
(i) LiH, NaH, CsH (In increasing order of ionic character)
(ii) H—H, D—D, F—F (In decreasing order of bond dissociation
enthalpy)
9. List two uses of dihydrogen.
10. Complete the reactions :
(i) H2 + CO + RCH = CH2 —→
(ii) H2 + RCH2CH2CHO —→
11. Give two reactions to show amphoteric nature of water.
12. Complete the reactions :
(i) 2F2(g) + 2H2O(l) —→
(ii) 6CO2(g) + 12H2O(l) —→
13. What is the difference between the term hydrolysis and hydration.
14. What do you understand by term ‘autoprotolysis’ of water ? What is its
significance ?
15. What causes the temporary and permanent harness of water ?
16. Is demineralised or distill water useful for drinking purposes ? If not, how
can it be made useful ?
17. Explain the terms :
(i) Hydrogen economy.
(ii) Fuel cell.
18. Write chemical reactions to justify that hydrogen peroxide can function
as an oxidising as well as reducing agent.

192 Chemistry Class XI

19. Compare the structure of H2O and H2O2.
20. How does H2O2 behaves as a bleaching agent ?
21. H2O2 acts as an oxidizing as well as reducing agent. Why?

3-MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Complete the chemical reactions :
(i) 8LiH + Al2Cl6 —→
(ii) 2LiH + B2H6 —→
2. What do you understand by : (i) Electron deficient, (ii) Electron precise,
(iii) Electron rich compounds of hydrogen ? Provide justifications with
suitable examples.
3. What do you understand by the term “non-stoichiometric hydrides” ? Do
you expect this type of the hydrides to be formed by alkali metals. Explain
and Justify your answer.
4. Arrange the following :
(i) CaH2, BeH2, TiH2 (in order of increasing electrical conductance)
(ii) NaH, MgH2, H2O (in order of increasing bond dissociation enthalpy)
(iii) Li, F, H (in order of increasing ionisation enthalpy)
5. What do you understand by the terms :
(i) Syn gas (ii) Water gas shift reaction (iii) Producer gas.
6. Would gas except the hydrides of N, O and F to have lower boiling point
than the hydrides of their subsequent group members ? Give reasons.
7. Can phosphorous with outer electronic configuration 3s23p3 form PH5 ?
Explain.
8. Why and how the hydrogen is regarded as a fuel of future ? Explain.
9. Write the reactions when dihydrogen reacts with (i) O2 (ii) N2 (iii) Cl2
under specific conditions.
10. Name the hydrides :
(i) Which is non stoichiometric in nature ?
(ii) Which are stoichiometric compounds ?
(iii) Which has electron rich type hydrides ?

Hydrogen 193
 11. Complete the reactions :
(i) CaO(s) + H2O(g) —→
(ii) AlCl3(g) + H2O(l) —→
(iii) Ca3N2(s) + H2O(l) —→
12. Discuss the principle and method of softening of hard water by synthetic
exchange of resin method.
13. What is meant by ‘demineralised’ water and how can it be obtained ?
14. What properties of water make it useful as a solvent ? What types of
compound can it (i) dissolved (ii) hydrolyse ?
15. Calculate the strength of 10 volume solution of H2O2.
16. Complete the reactions :
(i) 2Fe2+ (aq) + 2H+(aq) + H2O2(aq) —→
(ii) HOCl + H2O2 —→
(iii) Mn2+ + H2O2 —→
17. Give three uses of H2O2.
18. Complete the reactions :
(i) CaC2 + 2D2O —→
(ii) SO3 + D2O —→
(iii) Al4C3 + 12D2O —→
19. Give the limitations of using H2 as a fuel.
20. H2O2 is stored in a wax lined glass or plastic vessels. Explain an equation
showing decomposition of H2O2 on exposure to light.

5-MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Answer the following :
(a) Name the most abudant form of hydrogen isotope. [Ans. 11H]
(b) Name the particles emitted by tritium. [Ans. β–]
(c) Mixture of CO and H2 is used for preparation ......... . [Ans. Methanol]
(d) Name the catalyst used in Haber’s Process for manufacture of NH3(g).
[Ans. Fe]
(e) Name two electron rich hydrides. [Ans. NH3, H2O]

194 Chemistry Class XI

2. Answer the following :
(a) During Clark’s method. Name the compound in which Mg is
precipitated out. [Ans. Magnesium Hydroxide]
(b) Give the formula of Zeolite used in ion exchange method to remove
permanent hardness of water. [Ans. NaAlSiO4]
(c) Complete the reaction :
BaO2.8H2O(s) + H2SO4(aq) →
(d) H2O2 is miscible with water. Assign reason.
(e) Name the compound when can be used as a hair beach, mild antiseptic
in the form of perhydrol. [Ans. H2O2]

3. (a) Complete the following chemical equations

(b) ________ + water → CaCO3 + NH3 (Ammonia)
H +
(c) ________ + Hydrogen peroxide → CrO5 + ________
(d) Na2O + H2O → ________
(e) D2O + Na3As → ________

4. Describe the usefulness of water in biosphere and biological systems.

HOTS QUESTIONS

1. Calculate the hardness of water sample which contains 0.001 mole of MgSO4
dissolved per litre of water.
Ans. 1 mole MgSO4 = 1 mole CaCO3
10-3 Mole MgSO4 = 10-3 mol CaCO3
∴ 0.120g MgSO4 = 0.1g CaCO3 in 1000 mL
∴ Hardness = =100ppm

2. 2g of Al is treated separately with excess dilute H2SO4 and excess NaOH.

x
The ratio of volumes of Hydrogen evolved under similar condition is y .
x
Find y
Ans. 2Al + 3H2SO4 —→ Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2) 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
∴ Ratio is 1 : 1

Hydrogen 195
3. What mass of CaO will be required to remove the hardness of 1000 litres
of water containing 1.62g of Ca(HCO3)2 per litre?
Ans. Ca(HCO3)2 + CaO —→ 2CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
162g 56g
∴ 5.6 × 102g be cause solution has 1620 g Ca(HCO3)2

4. What is the volume of O2 liberated at N.T.P. by complete decomposition

of 100mL of 2m solution of H2O2?
Ans. Volume strength = 11.2 × M = 22.4
100mL = 0.1L i.e. 22.4 × 0.1 = 2.24L O2 released

5. Mention an example in which H2O acts as reducing agent.

Ans. 2F2 + 2H2O —→ O2 + 4HF

196 Chemistry Class XI

 UNIT TEST-I
Time Allowed: 1 Hr. Maximum Marks : 20
General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Maximum marks carried by each question are indicated against it.

1. Hydrogen has maximum oxidation state in [1]

(a) NaH (b) MgH2 (c) H2O (d) C & H
2. Which one does not cause hardness of water?
(a) MgCl2 (b) CaCl2 (c) MgSO4 (d) AlCl3
3. Give one reaction for preparation of hydrogen gas in laboratory. [1]
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by
Reason (R) is given use the following key to select correct answer :
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is the correct explanation
of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
(c) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
(d) Assertion is not correct but Reason is correct.
4. Assertion : H2O2 reduces Cl2 to HCl. [1]
Reason : H2O2 is highly reactive in nature.
5. Assertion : Calgon is used for removing Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from hard water. [1]
Reason : H2O2 is highly reactive in nature.
6. Complete the reaction with balancing [2]
2+ +
(a) Fe (aq.) + H (aq.) + H2O2(aq.) —→
(b) HOCl + H2O2 —→
7. What is Hydrogen Economy. What are its advantage? [2]
8. Explain the following [3]
(i) Atomic hydrogen or oxy-hydrogen torch function for cutting
and welding purposes. Why?
(ii) CaH2, BeH2 and TiH2 arrange in order of increasing electrical
conductance and give reason.
(iii) Water shows amphoteric behaviour, support by giving
appropriate example.
9. What are different types of hydrides? Give example. [3]
10. Discuss the principle and method of softening of hard water by [5]
synthetic ion-exchange resins.

Hydrogen 197
 UNIT TEST-II
Time Allowed: 1 Hr. Maximum Marks : 20
General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Maximum marks carried by each question are indicated against it.

1. When MnO4– reacts with H2O2 in basic medium the following species are
involved except? [1]
(a) MnO2 (b) O2 (c) OH– (d) Mn2+
2. Which one is ionic hydride in nature?
(a) LiH (b) NH3 (c) H2O (d) PH3
3. What is the chemical name of Calgon's? [1]
In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by
Reason (R) is given use the following key to select correct answer :
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is the correct explanation
of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
(c) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
(d) Assertion is not correct but Reason is correct.
4. Assertion : Decomposition of H2O2 is a disproportionation reaction. [1]
Reason : H2O2 undergoes simultaneous oxidation and reduction reactions.
5. Assertion : H2O2 can be used as an antichlor in bleaching. [1]
Reason : It oxidises HCl to Cl2.
6. Complete the following reactions: [2]
(i) CO + H2 Catalyst
(ii) Zn + NaOH ∆

7. What is the difference between the term hydrolysis and hydration? [2]
8. What is meant by demineralised water and how can it be obtained? [3]
9. Give three uses of H2O2. [3]
10. Describe the usefulness of water in biosphere and biological systems. [5]
*****

198 Chemistry Class XI

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