9

MATHEMATICS
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Quarter 4: Week 1-8

Division of Angeles City

1
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name of the learner ________________________ Q4W1LC1
Section __________________________________ Date_________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: SINE, COSINE, TANGENT, SECANT,
COSECANT, AND COTANGENT

Background Information

In a right triangle, we can define six trigonometric ratios which are used to express
relationships between angles and sides of a right triangle (a triangle with one 90° angle).
Consider the right triangle ACB below.

A In this triangle, we
let θ represent ∠B as a
hypotenuse reference angle. Then,
b c the leg denoted by a is the
side opposite side adjacent to angle θ,
to angle θ and the leg denoted by b
is the side opposite to
θ angle θ.
C a B

side adjacent to reference angle

Figure 1
angle θ

From the right triangle shown, there are six trigonometric ratios of these three sides:

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝒐𝒇 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝒐𝒇 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆

𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝒐𝒇 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝒐𝒇 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝒐𝒇 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝒐𝒇 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆

The mnemonic soh-cah-toa helps us remember the ratios for the regular trigonometric
functions. Where “soh” stands for sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse, “cah” stands for cos
θ = adjacent/hypotenuse and “toa” stands for tan θ = opposite/adjacent.

2
Showing a formula for the Missing Parts of a Right Triangle

Example 1. Determine the formula to find a missing part of a right triangle.

1.1 C
B
50o

Figure 2

Solution:

Step 1: Determine which trigonometric ratio to use.

Let us focus on angle B since it is clearly given in Figure 2.

Note that we are given the length of the hypotenuse (6 units), and we are asked to find the
length of the side opposite (b) to angle B. The trigonometric ratio that contains both of those
sides is the sine.

Step 2: Use the formula of trigonometric ratio for sine and solve for the unknown side.

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 = Define sine.
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝒃 Substitute.
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝟎° =
𝟔
To find the value 6 sin 50°,
ensure that your calculator is
𝒃 = 𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝟎° Multiply both sides by 6. operating in degrees.
Solution:
𝒃 ≈ 𝟒. 𝟔𝟎 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 Press “6 X sin (𝟓𝟎) = ”
Evaluate with calculator.
and this will give you an answer
of 4.5962666587. Write 4.60
(rounded to the nearest
hundredths) as your final answer.

3
1.2

55o
?
4

D
F

Figure 3

Solution:

Step 1: Determine which trigonometric ratio to use.

Here we are given the length of the side adjacent (4 units) to angle E (reference angle) and
are asked to find the length of the hypotenuse (f). The trigonometric ratio that contains both
sides is the cosine.

Step 2: Use the formula of trigonometric ratio for cosine and solve for the unknown side.

𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑬 = Define cosine.
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝟒 Substitute.
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝟓° =
𝒇

𝒇 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝟓° = 𝟒 Multiply both sides by f.

𝟒
𝒇= Divide both sides by 𝑐𝑜𝑠 55 °. 4
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝟓° In finding the value of , press
cos 55°

“4 ÷ cos (𝟓𝟓) =” and this will

𝒇 ≈ 𝟔. 𝟗𝟕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 Evaluate with calculator.
give an answer of 6.9737…
An approximately 6.97 (rounded to
the nearest hundredths) will be your
final answer.

4
Example 2. Let us all find the missing parts of a right triangle.

Y
R

r=5
?

Figure 4

Figure 4 shows a right triangle with acute angles Y and T. In which, the length of the
hypotenuse is 5 units, and one of the sides is 4 units.

Solution:

a. for ∠𝑌:

Side y (4 units) is the opposite side of ∠𝑌; r is the hypotenuse (5 units) of right triangle TRY.
Use “soh” (since opposite side and hypotenuse are clearly given), that is

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒀 = Define sine.
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝟒
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒀 = Substitute.
𝟓
𝟒
𝒀 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 ( ) Get the inverse of sine.
𝟓

∠𝒀 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑° Evaluate with calculator.

Note:
In this case, to determine the value ∠𝒀, first press 𝑰𝑵𝑽 or 𝟐𝒏𝒅𝑭 or 𝑆𝐻𝐼𝐹𝑇 key
(whichever is applicable) followed by the 𝑠𝑖𝑛 key and enter ( 𝟒 ÷ 𝟓 ) in display to obtain
53.1301023542. This will now serve as your final answer (round to the nearest hundredths).

b. for ∠𝑇:
Since in part (a), it was already found that ∠𝒀 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑°,

then ∠𝑻 = 𝟗𝟎° − 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑° Define the sum of the interior acute angles of a right triangle.

∠𝑻 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝟕° Get the difference.

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c. for side t:
We can use the Pythagorean theorem in solving the value of side t when two sides are
explicitly given. In Figure 4, r is the hypotenuse and sides t and y are the legs of the right
triangle.

Solution:

𝒕𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 Define Pythagorean theorem.

𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐 Substitute.

𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐𝟓 Do exponentiation.

𝒕𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔 Perform addition property of equality.

𝒕𝟐 = 𝟗 Get the difference.

𝒕 = 𝟑 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 Simplify by getting the square roots of both sides.

Learning Competency with code:

Illustrate the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent.
M9GE-IVa-1

General Directions:
Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question, and then answer each item correctly.
Write your answers and solutions on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity A: Fill Me In
Directions: Complete the equivalent six trigonometric ratios.

j
O
Y
𝜽

𝒚
sin 𝜽 = 1. cos 𝜽 = 2. tan 𝜽 =
𝒐

3. csc 𝜽 =
4. sec 𝜽 = 5. cot 𝜽 =

6
Activity B: Finding the Unknown
Directions: Using the figure below, find the missing part of right triangle BCA.

a c

C A
b
1. If c = 25 cm and ∠A = 50° , find 𝒂.
2. If a = 10 cm and ∠A = 47°, find 𝒄.
3. If b = 4 cm and c = 8.5 cm, find ∠𝑨.
4. If 𝑎 = 3.5 cm and b = 4.8 cm, find ∠𝐁.
5. if b = 15.5 and ∠A = 32.4°, f ind 𝐜.

Activity C: Inside the Box

Directions: Find all the missing parts of each right triangle and select your answer inside the
box.
1.
M
90o 50o 42.5o
a. ∠ M =
t

b. t = 21.07 cm 16.96 cm 31.20 cm

E e = 23 cm

25.10 cm 34.04 cm 15.54 cm

c. m =
m

2. Y
11.21 cm 5.75 cm 6.46 cm
a. y =

12.6 cm 14.16 cm 23.5 cm 24.57 cm

b. o =

U 33.16o 62.86o 90o

c. ∠ U =
O

7
References:

Bryant, Melden L., et.al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 9. (Philippines: Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc., 2016)

Orines Fernando, Diaz Zenada, Mojica Majarlika.Next Century Mathematics: Mathematics 9.

(Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014)

Answer Key:
Activity A: Fill Me In

𝑦 𝑗 𝑦
sin 𝜃 = 1. cos 𝜃 = 2. tan 𝜃 =
𝑜 𝑜 𝑗
𝑜
3. csc 𝜃 = 𝑜 𝑗
𝑦 4. sec 𝜃 =
𝑗 5. cot 𝜃 =
𝑦

Activity B: Finding the Unknown

1. 𝑎 ≈ 19.15 𝑐𝑚
2. 𝑐 ≈ 13.67 𝑐𝑚
3. ∠𝐴 ≈ 61.93°
4. ∠𝐵 ≈ 53.9°
5. 𝑐 ≈ 18.36 𝑐𝑚

Activity C: Inside the Box

1. a. ∠ M = 42.5o
b. t ≈ 16.96 cm
c. m ≈ 15.54 cm

2. a. y ≈ 6.46 cm
b. o ≈ 14.16 cm
c. ∠ U = 62.86o

8
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name of the learner ________________________ Q4W2LC1
Section __________________________________ Date_________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SPECIAL ANGLES

Background Information

In Geometry, the following sides of special right triangles are related as follows:

45°-45°-90° Triangle Theorem

In a 45°-45°-90° triangle, the hypotenuse is √2 times the length of a leg and which legs are
congruent.

45o
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = √2 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑥

x √2 (𝑥)

45o

x
30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem
In a 30°-60°-90° triangle, the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter leg. The length of
the longer leg is √3 times the length of the shorter leg.

60o 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 2 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑥

2 (𝑥)
x

30o

√𝟑 (𝒙)

𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = √3 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑥

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Example 1. Finding the Hypotenuse in a 45°-45°-90° Triangle

Find the value of h.

Solution:
45o
By the Triangle Sum Theorem, the measurement
of the third angle is 45°. The triangle is a h
45°-45°-90° right triangle, so the length h 3
of the hypotenuse is √2 times the length
of a leg. 3

Hypotenuse = √2 • leg 45°-45°-90° Triangle Theorem

h = √2 • 3 Substitute. 3
h = 3√2 Simplify.

Example 2. Finding a Leg in a 45°-45°-90° Triangle

Find the value of x.

Solution: x
Because the triangle is an isosceles right triangle,
its base angles are congruent. The triangle is a
45°-45°-90° right triangle, so the length of the
hypotenuse is √2 times the length x of a leg.
x
Hypotenuse = √2 • leg 45°-45°-90° Triangle
Theorem
5

5 = √2• x Substitute.

5 √2 𝒙
= Divide each side by √2.
√2 √2
5
= x Simplify.
√2

√2 5
• = x Multiply numerator and
√2 √2
denominator by √2 .

5√2
= x Simplify.
2

10
Example 3. Finding the Side Lengths in a 30°-60°-90° Triangle

Find the values of s and t.

Solution:
Because the triangle is a 30°-60°-90° triangle,
the longer leg is √3 times the length s of the
shorter leg.
60 o
Longer leg = √3• shorter leg 30°-60°-90° Triangle
Theorem t
s
5 = √3 • s Substitute.

5 √3 30 o
= •s Divide each side by
√3 √3
√3.
5
5
= s Simplify.
√3

√3 5
. =s Multiply numerator and denominator by √3 .
√3 √3

5√3
=s Simplify.
3

The length t of the hypotenuse is twice the length s of the shorter leg.

Hypotenuse = 2 • shorter leg 30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem

5√3
t=2• Substitute.
3

10√3
t= Simplify.
3

11
Learning Competency with code:
Find the trigonometric ratios of special angles. M9GE-IVb-c-1

General Directions:
Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question, and then answer each item correctly.
Write your answers and solutions on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity A: Special Thing to Do

Directions: Find the value of each variable used in the figures. If your answer is not an
integer, express it in simplest radical form.
1. 2. 3.

a s 14
60o
x y b
45o

t
60o 12

4. 5. 6.

45o n
p
30o 11 q

c 10 m
o
45
8√𝟐
d

7. 8. 9.

12
u
4 20

k e f
o
30
30o 45o
v
h

12
Activity B: Follow the Guide

Directions: Given the angles of the triangles below, find the values of the six trigonometric
ratios. Simplify your answer.

1. Let a be the leg of a 45°-45°-90° Triangle.

SOH-CAH-TOA is
a
waving!

45o
for sin 𝟒𝟓°:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = Define sine.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎
sin 45° = Substitute.
𝑎√2 𝑎 √2
1
45o sin 45° = Simplify.
√2
1 √2
sin 45° = • Multiply numerator
√2 √ 2
and denominator by √2
√2
sin 45° = Simplify.
2

√𝟐 1. cos 𝟒𝟓° = 2. tan 𝟒𝟓° =

sin 𝟒𝟓° =
𝟐
3. csc 𝟒𝟓° = 4. sec 𝟒𝟓° = 5. cot 𝟒𝟓° =

2. Let a be the shorter leg of a 30°-60°-90° Triangle.

for cot 𝟑𝟎°:

o 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
60 cot 𝜃 = Define cotangent.
2a 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a
𝑎√3
cot 30° = Substitute.
30 o
𝑎

a√𝟑 cot 30° = √3 Simplify.

1. sin 𝟑𝟎° = 2. cos 𝟑𝟎° = 3. tan 30° =

4. csc 30° = cot 𝟑𝟎° = √𝟑

5. sec 30° =

13
3. Let a be the shorter leg of a 30°-60°-90° Triangle.

for cos 𝟔𝟎°:

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
60 o cos 𝜃 = Define cosine.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
2a
a 𝑎
cos 60° = Substitute.
2𝑎
30 o
a√𝟑
1
cos 60° = Simplify.
2

𝟏
1. sin 𝟔𝟎° = cos 𝟔𝟎° = 2. tan 60° =
𝟐

3. csc 60° =
4. sec 60° = 5. cot 𝟔𝟎° =

References:

Bryant, Melden L., et.al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 9. (Philippines: Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc., 2016)

Orines Fernando, Diaz Zenada, Mojica Majarlika.Next Century Mathematics: Mathematics 9.

(Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014)

Answer Key:

Activity A: Special Thing to Do

1. 𝑥 = 8√3 6. 𝑚 = 5√2
𝑦 = 16 𝑛 = 5√2
2. 𝑎 = 4√3 7. ℎ = 2
𝑏 = 8√3 k = 2√3
3. 𝑡 = 14√2 8. 𝑢 = 10√2
𝑠 = 14 v = 10 √2
11√3
4. 𝑐 = 9. 𝑒 = 24
2
1
𝑑 = 52 f = 12√3
5. 𝑞 = 16 ; 𝑝 = 8√2

14
Activity B: Follow the Guide

1.

√2 2. tan 45° = 1
sin 45° = √2
2 1. cos 45° =
2

3. csc 45° = √2 4. sec 45° = √2 5. cot 45° = 1

2.

1 √3 √3
1. sin 30° = 2. cos 30° = 3. tan 30° =
2 2 3

4. csc 30° = 2 2√3 cot 30° = √3

5. sec 30° =
3

3.

√3 1 2. tan 60° = √3
1. sin 60° = cos 60° =
2 2
2√3
3. csc 60° = 4. sec 60° = 2 √3
3 5. cot 60° =
3

15
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name of the learner ________________________ Q4W3-4LC1
Section __________________________________ Date_________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ANGLES OF ELEVATION AND ANGLES OF DEPRESSION
Background Information
Real-world situations, from landing airplanes to focusing lights, all require some knowledge of
angles to save effort in producing desired effects. When we are measuring the angle at which
something is looking down or going down, we call it the angle of depression. On the other
hand, when we are measuring the angle at which something or going up, we call it the angle
of elevation. We can use trigonometry to measure either angles or objects in real-world
situation or in word problems.

Horizontal line of sight P

2
Angle of depression

T 1

Horizontal line of sight

Angle of elevation
Figure 1

Definitions:
Line of sight is an imaginary line that connects the eye of an observer to the object being
observed.
Angle of elevation is the angle formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight to a point above
the line. In Figure 1, ∠1 is the angle of elevation from the tower T to the plane P.
Angle of depression is the angle formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight to a point
below the line. ∠2 is the angle of depression from the plane to the tower.

Example 1. Classifying Angles of Elevation and Depression

∠3 is formed by a horizontal line and a line

of sight to a point above the line. It is an
angle of elevation.
3
4
∠4 is formed by a horizontal line and a line
of sight to a point below the line. It is an
angle of depression.

16
 ∠5 is formed by a horizontal line and a line
of sight to a point above the line. It is an
angle of elevation.
5
6
∠6 is formed by a horizontal line and a line
of sight to a point below the line. It is an
angle of depression.

Note: An observer is on the top of the building.

Example 2. Finding Distance by Using of Angle of Elevation

A campsite is 9.41 miles from a point directly below the mountain top. If the angle of elevation
is 15º from the camp to the top of the mountain, how high is the mountain?
Solution:

Draw the diagram. You can see a right triangle with the side
adjacent to the 15º angle measuring 9.41
miles. To find the height of the mountain, or
the side opposite the 15º angle, the tangent
is the best choice. Let x be the height of the
mountain.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
top 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = Define tangent.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 15° = Substitute.
9.41
x
9.41 𝑡𝑎𝑛 15° = 𝑥 Multiply both sides
𝟏𝟓° by 9.41.

2.52 𝑚𝑖 ≈ 𝑥 Simplify the expression.

9.41 mi

Example 3. Finding Distance by Using of Angle of Depression

From the top of a vertical cliff 53 m high, the angle of depression of an object that is level with
the base of the cliff is 34º. How far is the object from the base of the cliff?
Solution:
Since horizontal lines are parallel, ∠1 ≅
Draw the diagram. ∠2 by the Alternate Interior Angles
Theorem. Therefore, the angle of elevation
from point P is congruent to the angle of
Top of cliff depression from the point O. Let x be the
O
distance of object from the base of the cliff.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
1
𝟑𝟒° 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = Define tangent.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
53 Substitute.
𝑡𝑎𝑛 34° =
53 m

𝑥
𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 34° = 53 Multiply both sides by x.

𝟑𝟒° 53
2 𝑥 = Divide both sides by
𝑡𝑎𝑛 34° 𝑡𝑎𝑛 34°.
Base of cliff P (object)
x
Simplify the expression.
𝑥 ≈ 78.58 𝑚

17
Learning Competency with code:
Illustrate angles of elevation and angles of depression. M9GE-IVd-1

General Directions:
Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question, and then answer each item correctly.
Write your answers and solutions on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity A: Is it True or False?!

Directions: Consider all angles below. Decide if each of the following statements is true or
false. (Legend: is a horizontal line of sight to a given point.)

1 2
A

3 D 4
C

H
F
6 8
7
5 G
E

1. ∠1 is an angle of depression.
2. ∠2 is an angle of elevation.
3. ∠7 is an angle of depression.
4. ∠5 and ∠6 are both angles of elevation.
5. ∠4 is an angle of elevation.
6. ∠6 is an angle of depression.
7. ∠3 is an angle of depression.
8. ∠8 and ∠5 are both angles of depression.
9. ∠7 and ∠4 are both angles of depression.
10. ∠8 is neither an angle of elevation nor an angle of depression.

Activity B: Diagrammable
Directions: Draw the diagram presented by the given data in each statement.

1. A ladder 5 meters long leans against the wall of a building.

2. The angle of elevation from the ground to the top of a flagpole 11 meters away is 40°.
3. From the top of a fire tower, a firefighter sees his partner on the ground at an angle of
depression of 39º.
4. A shadow cast by a 10-foot lamp post when the angle of elevation of the sun is 60º.
5. A radio station tower was built in two sections. From a point 95 feet from the base of
the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the first section is 25º, and the angle of
elevation of the top of the second section is 40º.
6. From the point A (on level ground) the horizontal distance to the base B of the tree is
30 ft.
7. A man flies a kite with a 110-foot string. The angle of elevation of string is 52°.
8. Suppose you are a lifeguard looking down at a person in swimming pool. Your line of
sight forms a 35° of depression.

18
 9. A homeowner is to construct a ramp to his door to make it wheelchair accessible. The
door will be 3 ft above ground level and angle of elevation is 40°.
10. A tree 40 feet high casts a shadow 58 feet long.

Activity C: Solving x
Directions: Find the value of x. Use SOHCAHTOA in solving the problem.

1.

33°

280 ft
2.

32°

60 m

3.

23°

60 m
x

4.
19 ft

𝟑𝟗. 𝟓°

19
 5.

x
32°
115 ft
5 ft

Activity D: Illustrate and Solve!

Directions: Illustrate and solve the following problems.

Guide Question:

1. A homeowner is to construct a ramp to his door to make his wheelchair accessible.

How long is the ramp if the door is 4 ft above the ground level, and the angle of
elevation is 25°?
Solution:

Draw or sketch the diagram and label it 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = Define sine.
completely. 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝟒
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟓° = Substitute.
𝒓
Multiply
𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟓° = 𝟒
4 ft

both sides
25° by r.

𝟒
Let r be the length of the ramp. 𝒓 = Divide both
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟓°
Note that the side opposite to 25° is given sides by
and we are asked to find the hypotenuse 𝑠𝑖𝑛 25°.
(r). The trigonometric ratio that contains
both of those sides is the sine. 𝑟 ≈ 9.46 𝑓𝑡 Simplify

2. A ladder leaning against the wall of a house makes an angle of 55° with the ground.
The foot of the ladder is 8 feet from the foundation of the house. How long is the ladder?
3. An airplane pilot sights the runway at a 26° angle of depression. The airplane’s altitude
is 3 km. What is the airplane’s horizontal distance from the runway?
4. If a tower is 1250 ft tall, what is the angle of elevation of the top from a point on the
ground 5260 ft from the base?
5. A sonar operator on a ship detects a submarine at a distance of 500 m and angle
depression of 38°. How deep is the submarine?
20
Activity E: The Right Choice
Directions: Choose a letter that corresponds to your answer.

Use for #1–5: Cholo stands 926 meters Use for #6–10: From a point 90 meters
from a point directly below the peak of a from the base of a building to the top of it,
mountain. The angle of elevation between the angle of elevation is 51°. From the
Cholo and the top of the mountain is 42°. same point to the top of a flagpole on the
building, the angle of elevation is 54°.

1. Which statement is true? 5. What equation can be used to find the

combined height (x) of building and
A. The side adjacent to ∠42° is the flagpole?
height of the mountain.
B. The side opposite to ∠42° is the A. x = 90 tan 51º
height of the mountain. B. x = 90 sin 54º
C. The hypotenuse represents the C. x = 90 tan 54º
height of the mountain. 90
D. x = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 51°
𝑥
D. Both B and C are correct.

2. Which equation can be used to find the 6. What is the height of the building
height of the mountain (y)? alone?

A. sin 42º = y / 926 A. 98.79 m

B. tan 42º = 926 / y B. 127.12 m
C. cos 48º = 926 / y C. 111.14 m
D. tan 42º = y / 926 D. 143.01 m

3. What is the height of the mountain? 7. What is the height of the flagpole
alone?
A. 833.77 m
B. 1028.43 m A. 12.73 m
C. 688.15 m B. 69.94 m
D. 1246.06 m C. 123.87 m
D. 153.12 m

4. A tower 50 meters high is built on top of 8. How long must a cable be to stretch
the mountain. What is the angle of from the observation point to the top of
elevation from Cholo’s position to the top the building?
of the tower?
A. 111.14 m
A. 43.66° B. 143.01 m
B. 46.34° C. 123.87 m
C. 56.20° D. 153.12 m
D. 57.15°

21
References:

Bryant, Melden L., et.al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 9. (Philippines: Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc., 2016)

Leithold, Louis. College Algebra and Trigonometry. (Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte
Ltd., 2001)

Orines Fernando, Diaz Zenada, Mojica Majarlika. Next Century Mathematics: Mathematics 9.
(Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014)

Answer Key:

Activity A: Is it True or False?!

1. True 6. True
2. False 7. False
3. False 8. False
4. False 9. False
5. True 10. True

Activity B: Diagrammable
Diagram may vary depending on student’s output.
Diagram Assessment Rubric
Category Fair – 1 point Good – 2 points Great – 3 points
Accuracy of Content Some of the content Most of the content All content included
included in the included in the in the diagram is
diagram is accurate. diagram is accurate. accurate.

Activity C: Solving x Activity D: Illustrate and Activity E: The Right

1. 181.83 ft Solve! Choice
2. 37.49 m 1. Guide question 1. B 5. C
3. 153.56 m 2. 13.95 ft 2. D 6. C
4. 23.05 ft 3. 6.15 km 3. A 7. A
5. 76.86 ft 4. 13.37° 4. A 8. B
5. 307.83 m

22
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name of the learner ________________________ Q4W5LC1
Section __________________________________ Date_________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

REAL-PROBLEMS INVOLVING RIGHT TRIANGLES
Background Information for Learners

The use of trigonometry to find the relationships between lengths of sides and measurements
of angles in triangles has applications in fields such as engineering, architecture, physics and
among other disciplines. In this section, we will deal with word problems involving right
triangles by using the concepts of trigonometric ratios which were discussed in previous
lessons. Let us recall these concepts through given examples.

Example 1. Finding the equivalent six trigonometric ratios of the angle θ.

13
5

𝜽
12
Figure 1

In Figure 1, θ is the reference angle. The leg which measures 12 units is the side adjacent
to angle θ, and the leg which measures 5 units is the side opposite to angle θ. Recalling
the “SOHCAHTOA”/six trigonometric ratios, we have

𝟓 𝟏𝟐 𝟓
1. sin 𝜽 = 2. cos 𝜽 = 3. tan 𝜽 =
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
4. csc 𝜽 = 5. sec 𝜽 = 6. cot 𝜽 =
𝟏𝟐 𝟓
𝟓

23
Example 2. Identifying angles of elevation and depression.

Remember: When you see an object above you, there is an angle of elevation between the
horizontal and your line of sight to the object. Comparably, when you see an object below you,
there is an angle of depression between the horizontal and your line of sight to the object.

∠1 is formed by a horizontal line and a line

of sight to a point above the line. It is an
angle of elevation.
1
2
∠2 is formed by a horizontal line and a line
of sight to a point below the line. It is an
angle of depression.

Example 3. Using trigonometric ratios to solve real-life problems involving right triangles.

Once you have learned about trigonometric ratios, you can solve problems involving right
triangles. Generally, many of these right triangles will be presented in the context of word
problems. A good first step, after reading the entire exercise, is to draw/sketch the diagram
and figure out how to label it.

a. A six-meter-long ladder leans against a building and makes an angle of 25° with the
ground. How far is the ladder from the base of the building?

Solution:

Draw the diagram. Based on the diagram, a right triangle is

(It does not have to be “perfect”; it just needs formed
to be clear enough to understand.)

𝟐𝟓°
b
side adjacent
to angle 25°
and the trigonometric ratio that contains both
𝟐𝟓°
sides is the cosine.
b Therefore,
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = Define cosine.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Let b be the distance of the ladder from
the base of the building. 𝑏
𝑐𝑜𝑠 25° = 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
6

𝑏 = 6 𝑐𝑜𝑠 25° Multiply both sides by 6.

𝑏 ≈ 5.44 𝑚 Simplify.

24
b. The angle of depression from the top of a mountain to its foot is 22°. If the distance
from the foot to the top measure along the slope of the mountain is 1200 m, how high
is the mountain?

Solution:

𝟐𝟐°
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = Define sine.
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

𝒉
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟐° = Substitute.
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎

Let h be the height of the mountain. 𝒉 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝟐 Multiply both

sides by
In Example 3.b., the trigonometric ratio 1200.
that contains both sides (side opposite to
∠22° which is the height of the mountain 𝒉 = 𝟒𝟒𝟗. 𝟓𝟑 𝒎 Simplify.
and given hypotenuse), is the sine.

c. From points A and B, 10 m apart, the angles of elevation of the top of the tower are
40° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 54° respectively. Find the tower’s height

Solution:

C There are two right triangles. From the right

triangle having a vertex at B, we have

𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒° =
𝒚

x 𝒙 = 𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒°

From the right angle having a vertex at A,

we obtain
𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎° =
𝟏𝟎 + 𝒚
𝟒𝟎° 𝟓𝟒° 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎 ° (𝟏𝟎 + 𝒚)
A B 𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒° = 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎° + 𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎°
𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒° − 𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎° = 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎
10 m y 𝒚 (𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒° − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎° ) = 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎
Based on the given Example 3.c., where
point C is at the top of the tower. The 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎
𝒚 =
height of the tower is x (side opposite to (𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒° − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟎° )
angles A and B). Let y (side adjacent to
angle B) be the distance from point B to 𝒚 ≈ 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟐
the foot of the tower. Therefore,
𝒙 = 𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒°
To find the height of the tower, solve first 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟓𝟒°
the value of y using trigonometric ratio for 𝒙 ≈ 𝟐𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 𝒎
tangent.

25
Learning Competency with code:
Use trigonometric ratios to solve real-life problems involving right triangles. M9GE-IVe-1

General Directions:
Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question, and then answer each item correctly.
Write your answers and solutions on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity A: Recalling T-Ratio

Directions: Using figures 1 and 2, match each trigonometric concept found in Column A with
the correct ratio found in Column B.

P X

r
q y
z
Q

p
Y x Z
Figure 1 R Figure 2

Column A Column B

1. cos P 𝒚
𝒂.
𝒛

2. tan R 𝒚
𝒃.
𝒙

3. sec X 𝒑
𝒄.
𝒓
4. csc Z
𝒓
𝒅.
𝒑
5. cot R
𝒙
𝒆.
𝒚
6. sin X
𝒓
𝒇.
𝒒

26
Activity B: I Value
Directions: Find the value of the unknown side lengths for each triangle.

1. 2. 3.

c a
23o b
6 14
c
36o 32.6o
b
c

4. 5.

a=? 11.5°
19° 9m

47 ft

b=?

Activity C: Application
Directions: Illustrate and solve the following problems.

1. How far from the door must a ramp begin in order to rise three feet with an 11° angle
of elevation?

2. The pilot of a hot-air balloon measures the angle of depression to a landing spot to be
20.5°. If the pilot’s altitude is 90 m, what is the horizontal distance between the balloon
and the landing spot?

3. The angle of elevation at point F to the top of the mountain is 36.3° while point E is at
the same side and 60 meters away from point F has 24.5° angle of elevation to the top
of the same mountain. Find the height of the mountain.

4. A submarine begins diving from the water’s surface at an angle of 17°. How far below
the water’s surface is the submarine after it has traveled 3.4 miles?

5. To approach the airport runway, the pilot must begin a 3° landing starting from a height
of 2725 ft above the sea level. The airport is 1001 ft above sea level. How far is the
distance between the point below the airplane to the point in the airport runway at the
start of this approach?

27
References:

Bryant, Melden L., et.al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 9. (Philippines: Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc., 2016)

Leithold, Louis. College Algebra and Trigonometry. (Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte
Ltd., 2001)

Orines Fernando, Diaz Zenada, Mojica Majarlika. Next Century Mathematics: Mathematics
9. (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014)

Answer Key:
Activity A: Recalling T- Activity B: I Value Activity C:
Ratio 1. 𝑐 ≈ 10.21 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 ; 𝑏 ≈ 8.26 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 Application
2. d 2. 𝑎 ≈ 31.80 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 ; 𝑐 ≈ 1. 15.43 𝑓𝑡
3. a 34.55 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2. 240.72 𝑚
4. b 3. 𝑏 ≈ 21.89 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 ; 𝑐 ≈ 25.99 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3. 72.03 𝑚
5. c 4. 𝑎 ≈ 16.18 𝑓𝑡 4. 0.99 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
6. e 5. 𝑏 ≈ 44.24 m 5. 32, 895.88 𝑓𝑡

28
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name of the learner ________________________ Q4W6LC1
Section __________________________________ Date_________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

LAW OF SINES
Background Information

An oblique triangle is one that does not contain a right angle. This section and the next
learning activity sheets are focused to solving such triangles, which means finding the
measurements of the sides and angles.
As with a right triangle, the vertices of oblique C
triangle can be labeled as A, B, and C, and
the measurements of the sides opposite
them are designated by a, b, and c,
respectively. Figure 1 shows an oblique
triangle. b a = 24

To solve an oblique triangle, we consider the

following cases – given the measures of two
angles and a side and given the measures of 𝟒𝟖° 𝟓𝟐°
two sides and an angle opposite one of them.
c
Figure 1

The Law of Sines allows you to find the missing parts of an oblique triangle. In which, if A, B,
and C are angles of any triangle, and a, b, and c, respectively, are the measures of the sides
opposite these angles, then
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑪
Example 1. AAS or SAA (angle-angle-side)
Find the missing parts of ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 shown in Figure 1.
Given: two angles and one side

Solution:
Step 1. Find the third angle measure.

∠ 𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180° 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚

48 ° + 52° + ∠𝐶 = 180° 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∠𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵.

100° + ∠𝐶 = 180° 𝐴𝑑𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠.

∠𝐶 = 180° − 100° 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦

∠𝐶 = 80° 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.

29
Step 2. Find the unknown side lengths.

for side b:

Since, we are solving for side b with a given side a and ∠A, we can use the formula
𝒂 𝒃
= .
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩

𝑎 𝑏
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
24 𝑏
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 52°
In display to
𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° = 24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 52° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦. obtain the
value of b
𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° 24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 52°
= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° .
𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48°

24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 52° (24xsin(52))÷sin(48)

𝑏 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 48°
Scientific Calculator

𝑏 ≈ 25.4𝟓 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

for side c:

𝒂 𝒄
To solve side c, the formula to be used is = .
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑪

𝑎 𝑐
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶

24 𝑐
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒. In display to
𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 80°
obtain the
𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° = 24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 80° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦. value of c

𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° 24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 80°

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48°.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 48° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48°
(24xsin(80))÷sin(48)
24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 80°
𝑐 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 48°
Scientific Calculator

𝑐 ≈ 31.8 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

30
Example 2. ASA (angle-side-angle)
Determine the measures of the missing parts of ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 shown in Figure 2.
Given: two angles and the included side

C
b
𝟏𝟒𝟏°
9

𝟐𝟑°
A c B

Figure 2

Solution:

Step 1. Find the third angle measure.

∠ 𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180° 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚

∠𝐴 + 141° + 23° = 180° 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∠𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐶.
∠𝐴 + 164° = 180° Add the two given angles.
∠𝐴 = 180° − 164° Addition Property of Equality
∠𝐴 = 16° Simplify.

Step 2. Find the unknown side lengths.

for side c:

𝑎 𝑐
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
9 𝑐
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 141°

𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° = 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 141° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 141°
= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48°.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 16°

9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 141°
𝑐= 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 16°

𝑐 ≈ 20.55 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

for side b:
𝒂 𝒃
To solve for side b, use the formula = and follow the steps earlier.
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩

𝑎 𝑏
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
9 𝑏
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 23°

31
𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° = 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 23°

𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 23°

=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 16° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 16°
9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 23°
𝑏 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 16°

𝑏 ≈ 12.76

The SSA Case

We have seen that using the Law of Sines with the combinations AAS/SAA and ASA
guarantees one unique solution and one unique triangle. Working with the third option of SSA,
however, allows several different situations and solutions to occur. These may, however, lead
to the following possibilities:

∠A is ACUTE ANGLE
➢ If ∠A is an acute angle, a < b, and a
➢ If ∠A is an acute angle and a ≥ b, then > b sin A, then there are two
there is exactly one solution. solutions.

➢ If ∠A is an acute angle, a < b, and a

= b sin A, then there is exactly one
∠A is OBTUSE or RIGHT ANGLE
solution.
➢ If ∠A is an obtuse or a right angle
and a > b, then there is exactly one
solution.

➢ If ∠A is an acute angle, a < b, and a

< b sin A, then there are no
➢ If ∠A is an obtuse or a right angle
solutions.
and a ≤ b, then there is exactly no
solution.

32
Example 3. The SSA Case

a. In ∆ 𝑨𝑩𝑪, let a = 3, b = 6 and ∠𝑨 = 𝟒𝟒° . How many distinct triangles can be formed?

Solution:
Test the possibilities:
a ? b sin A Since ∠𝐴 is an acute angle, a < b, and a <b sin A , this has no
3 ? 6 sin 44° solution. Thus, there is no triangle satisfying the given information.
3 ? 6 sin 44 °
3 ? 6 sin 44°
3 <4.17

b. Solve ∆ 𝑨𝑩𝑪 given that a = 250, b = 195 and ∠𝐀 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎°.

Given: two sides and angle opposite one of these sides

Solution:

Since ∠𝐴 is an obtuse angle and a > b, there is exactly one solution. Therefore, one triangle
can be formed.

for ∠𝐵:
𝑎 𝑏
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
250 195
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵

250 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 195 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

250 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 195 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48°.
250 250
195 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
250
168.87
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑜 195.
250

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 0.67548 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒.

∠𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (0.67548) Get the inverse of sin.

Shift sin (0.02424)
∠𝐵 ≈ 42.49° Evaluate with scientific calculator.

Scientific Calculator

33
for ∠𝐶:

To get the value of ∠𝐶, get the sum of the two angles and subtract it from 180°.
∠𝐶 = 180° – (120 ° + 42.49°)
∠𝐶 = 180° – 162.49°
∠𝐶 = 17.51°

for side c:

𝒂 𝒄
To solve for side c, use the formula = .
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑪

𝑎 𝑐
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶

250 𝑐
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 17.51°

𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° = 250 𝑠𝑖𝑛 17.51° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° 250 𝑠𝑖𝑛 17.51°

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°
250 𝑠𝑖𝑛 17.51°
𝑐 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 120°

𝑐 ≈ 86.85 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

c. Solve ∆ 𝑨𝑩𝑪 given that b = 24, c = 23 and ∠𝐂 = 𝟓𝟒°.

Solution:
Test the possibilities:
c ? b sin C Since ∠𝐶 is an acute angle and c>b sin C , this has two
23 ? 24 sin 54° solutions. Thus, two triangles can be formed.
23 ? 24sin 54°
23 ? 24 sin 54 A
23 >19.42

c = 23 b = 24
c = 23

54°

B a C

34
for triangle 1: A

c = 23 b = 24

54°
B
C
a

Solving for ∠𝐁,

𝑏 𝑐
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
24 23
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°
23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 23.
23 23
24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
23

∠𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (0.84419)
∠𝐵 ≈ 57.59° 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

Solving ∠𝐀,
∠𝐀 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − (𝟓𝟒° + 𝟓𝟕. 𝟓𝟗°)
∠𝐀 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟒𝟏°

Solving for a,
𝑎 𝑐
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
𝑎 23
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 68.41° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54° = 23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 68.41° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54° 23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 68.41°

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 54° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°
23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 68.41°
𝑎 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°

𝑎 ≈ 26.43 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

35
for triangle 2:

second triangle

57.59° 57.59°
B

Solving for ∠B,

A
∠B = 180° − 57.59° 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

∠B = 122.41°

Solving for ∠A, 𝒃 = 𝟐𝟒

𝒄 = 𝟐𝟑
∠𝐀 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − (𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟏° + 𝟓𝟒°)
∠𝐀 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟗°

57.59° 54°
Solving for a,
B C
𝑎 𝑐
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶

𝑎 23
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3.59° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°

𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54° = 23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3.59° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54° 23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3.59°

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 54° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°
23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3.59°
𝑎 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 54°

𝑎 ≈ 1.78 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

36
Learning Competency with code:
Illustrate law of sines and cosines. M9GE-IVf-g-1

General Directions:
Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question, and then answer each item correctly.
Write your answers and solutions on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity A: Follow the Law

Directions: Determine the missing parts of each triangle using the Law of Sines. Round your
final answer to the nearest hundredths.

1. 2.
A
c B C
40° 88°
B 5.8
49°
b 54°
20
A
C

B E
3. 4.

a 46°
6
14.5

82° 37° 50°

C F
D

Activity B: Counting Triangles

Directions: Identify and solve the possible triangles that can be represented given the
specified two sides and angle.

1.
∠ 𝐀 = 𝟏𝟎°, 𝐚 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝐛 = 𝟓

2.
∠ 𝐁 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎°, 𝐚 = 𝟑𝟑, 𝐛 = 𝟐𝟗

3.
∠ 𝐀 = 𝟑𝟎°, 𝐚 = 𝟐𝟎, 𝐜 = 𝟐𝟖

37
References:

Bryant, Melden L., et.al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 9. (Philippines: Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc., 2016)

Leithold, Louis. College Algebra and Trigonometry. (Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte
Ltd., 2001)

Orines Fernando, Diaz Zenada, Mojica Majarlika. Next Century Mathematics: Mathematics
9. (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014)

Answer Key:

Activity A: Follow the Law Activity B: Counting Triangles

1. ∠ C = 91 °, b ≈ 23.48, c ≈ 31.11 1. One triangle. ∠ B ≈ 4.98 °, ∠ C ≈

2. ∠ B = 38 °, a ≈ 7.62, c ≈ 9.42 165.02 ° , c ≈ 14.89
3. ∠ B = 61 °, a ≈ 9.87, b ≈ 8.72 2. No solution. Therefore, no triangle can
4. ∠ F = 84 °, d ≈ 11.17, e ≈ 10.49 be formed.
3. Two triangles. ∠ B ≈ 105.57 °, ∠ C ≈
44.43 ° , b ≈ 38.53
and
∠ B ≈ 14.43 °, ∠ C ≈ 137.57 ° , b
≈ 9.97

38
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name of the learner ________________________ Q4W7LC1
Section __________________________________ Date_________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

LAW OF COSINES
Background Information

In the previous lesson, you have learned to solve triangles by using the Law of Sines.
However, we cannot use the Law of Sines to solve triangle for which side-angle-side (SAS) or
side-side-side (SSS) information is given. Instead, you must use the Law of Cosines.

Law of Cosines B

For ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, the Law of Cosines states that

c a
𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 )

𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 )

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 )
b

Using the Law of Cosines

Example 1. Use the given measurements to solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.

Given: two sides and the included angle

∠𝐵 = 100°

𝑎 = 5; 𝑐 = 7

Solution:

Step 1. Find the length of the third side.

To solve for b,
𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 ) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑏 2 = 52 + 72 − 2(5)(7) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 100°) 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑏 2 = 25 + 49 − 70 (−0.17365) 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑏2 = 74 + 12.16
𝑏2 = 86.16
𝑏 ≈ 9.28 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑏 𝑏𝑦 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ sides.

39
 Step 2. Find an angle measure.
To determine the measure of ∠𝐶,
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 ) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
72 = 52 + 9.282 − 2(5)(9.28) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
49 = 25 + 86.12 − 92.8 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
49 = 111.12 − 92.8 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶)
92.8 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) = 112.12 − 49 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
92.8 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) = 62.12

92.8 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) 62.12

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 92.8.
92.8 92.8
62.12
∠𝐶 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒
92.8
∠𝐶 ≈ 47.98° 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.
Step 2. Find the third angle measure.
To determine the measure of ∠𝐴,
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
∠ 𝐴 + 100° + 47.98° = 180°
∠ 𝐴 + 147.98° = 180°
∠𝐴 = 180° − 147.98°
∠𝐴 = 32.02°

Example 2. Determine the measure of each angle in ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.

Given: two sides and the included angle

𝑎 = 10.5; 𝑏 = 6.3; 𝑐 = 12

Solution:
Let us solve for the measure of ∠𝐶 and follow the steps earlier.
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶)
122 = 10.52 + 6.32 − 2(10.5)(6.3) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶)
144 = 110.25 + 39.69 − 132.3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶)
144 = 149.94 − 132.3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶)
132.3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) = 149.94 − 144

132.3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) 5.94

=
132.3 132.3
5.94
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶 =
132.3

5.94
∠𝐶 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
132.3

∠𝐶 ≈ 87.43°

40
Using the formula 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵) and following the steps used above, we solve
the measure of ∠𝐵.

𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 )

6.32 = 10.52 + 122 − 2(10.5)(12) (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵)

39.69 = 110.25 + 144 − 252 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵)
39.69 = 254.25 − 252 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵)
252 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵) = 254.25 − 39.69

252 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵) 214.56

=
252 252
214.56
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 =
252

214.56
∠𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
252

∠𝐵 ≈ 31.63°

Alternative solution in solving ∠𝐵:

Since we already have the measurements of two sides and an angle opposite one of them,
we can now apply the Law of Sines in solving the value of ∠𝐵.

𝑏 𝑐
To solve ∠𝐵, we use the formula = .
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶

𝑏 𝑐
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶

6.3 12
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 87.43°

12 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 6.3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 87.43° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

12 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 6.3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 87.43°

= 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 12.
12 12
6.3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 87.43°
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
12

∠𝐵 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (0.52447)
∠𝐵 ≈ 31.63° 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟.

Lastly, since two angles are already known, substitute their values in the equation
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180° to solve ∠𝐴.
∠𝐴 + 31.63° + 87.43° = 180°
∠𝐴 + 119.06 ° = 180°
∠𝐴 = 180° − 119.06 °
∠𝐴 = 60.94°
41
Learning Competency with code:
Illustrate law of sines and cosines. M9GE-IVf-g-1

General Directions:
Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question, and then answer each item correctly.
Write your answers and solutions on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity A: The Missing Part

Directions: Solve the missing parts of a triangle. If answers are not exact, round off to the
nearest hundredths.

1. 2.
C

25

𝟔𝟐°
A 36 B
3. 4.
B
12
4.5
A
C
9

Activity B: Draw and Solve

Directions: Draw your own triangles given the indicated measures and solve for the other
parts. Round off your answer to the nearest hundredths.

1. ∠ A = 55o, c = 12, b = 7.5 2. a = 75, c = 90, b = 25

42
References:

Bryant, Melden L., et.al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 9. (Philippines: Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc., 2016)

Leithold, Louis. College Algebra and Trigonometry. (Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte
Ltd., 2001)

Orines Fernando, Diaz Zenada, Mojica Majarlika. Next Century Mathematics: Mathematics
9. (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014)

Answer Key:

Activity A: The Missing Part Activity B: Draw and Solve

1. ∠ A ≈ 42.29 °, ∠ C ≈ 75.71°, b ≈ 32.8 1. ∠ B ≈ 38.59 °, ∠ C ≈ 86.41°, a ≈ 9.85

2. ∠ B ≈ 48.6 °, ∠ C ≈ 82.4°, a ≈ 14.09 2. ∠ A ≈ 46.46°, ∠ C ≈ 119.56°,

∠B ≈ 13.98°
3. ∠ A ≈ 121.86 °, ∠ B ≈ 39.57°,
∠C ≈ 18.57°

4. ∠ A ≈ 63.13 °, ∠ C ≈ 82.37°,
∠B ≈ 34.5°

43
 MATHEMATICS 9
Name of the learner ________________________ Q4W8LC1
Section __________________________________ Date_________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

PROBLEMS INVOLVING OBLIQUE TRIANGLES
Background Information

Many real-world applications involve oblique triangles, where the Sine and Cosine Laws can
be used to find certain measurements. It is very important to identify which law is appropriate.
When solving a real-life application, always following these procedures:

1) Draw an illustration that describes the situation.

2) On the illustration, label the parts with the given and the unknowns with variables. Be
sure you use these given and variables in your solution.

3) Identify whether the resulting triangle is either an ASA, AAS, or SSA situation that
requires the Law of Sines; or an SAS or SSS that requires the Law of Cosines.

Looking Back
B

c
a

Law of Sines Law of Cosines

For ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, the Law of Sines states that For ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, the Law of Cosines states that

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 )
= =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 )

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 )

44
Example 1.
On a mountain, inclined at angle of 26° with the horizontal, stands a vertical tower. At a point
B, 62.2 meters down the mountain from the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top
of the tower is 43°. How tall is the tower?

Solution:

43°
26°

A In the diagram, where b is the height of the tower, C

represents the point at the foot of the tower and the
top of tower is denoted by A. Then, we have an
43° oblique triangle with vertices A, B, and C.
b
The angle at B in the triangle is found by computing
43° − 26°, which is 17°.
C The angle at A in the triangle is found by computing
90° − 43°, which is 47°
43°
26° Thus, we know the measures of two angles and a
side of the triangle. From the Law of Sines,
B

𝑏 𝑎
= 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴

𝑏 62.2
= 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 17° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 47°

𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 47° = 62.2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 17° 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦.

62.2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 17°

𝑏 = 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 47°
𝑠𝑖𝑛 47°
.
𝑏 ≈ 24.87 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.

Therefore, the height of the tower is 24.87 m.

45
Example 2.
Two straight roads intersect at a point B and make an angle of 45.3º. At a point A on one road,
there is a building that is 3 km from B. While at a point C on the other road, there another
building that is 6 km from B. Determine the direct distance from A to C.

Solution:

Let side b be the distance from A to C.

B Given two sides and the included angle (SAS), we use
the formula 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 ) to solve for b.
45.3°
𝑏2 = 62 + 32 − 2(6)(3)(𝑐𝑜𝑠45.3°) 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒.
3 km 6 km 𝑏2 = 36 + 9 − 36 (𝑐𝑜𝑠45.3°) 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦.
𝑏2 = 45 − 36(0.70339) 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒.
𝑏2 = 19.68
𝑏 ≈ 4.44 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠.
A Therefore, the distance from A to C is 4.44 km.
C

Example 3.
A hot air balloon is hovering over Clark Parade Ground. Person A views the balloon at an
angle of elevation of 15.5° while person B views the balloon at angle of elevation of 30°. If A
and B are 3000 feet apart and the hot air balloon is between them, find the distance from hot
air balloon to person B.

Solution:

Let side a be the distance from

hot air balloon (denoted by C) to
a
person B.

15.5° 30°
Person A 3000 ft Person B
𝑎 𝑐
Given two angles and the included side (ASA), we use the formula = to solve for
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
a. Follow the steps earlier.

Since the measures of the two angles are known, the measure of the third angle can be determined
using the concept that the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
∠𝐶 = 180° – (15.5 ° + 30°)
∠𝐶 = 134.5°
for a:

𝑎 3000
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 15.5° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 134.5°
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 134.5° = 3000 𝑠𝑖𝑛 15.5°
3000 𝑠𝑖𝑛 15.5°
𝑎 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛 134.5° Therefore, the distance from hot air
balloon to person B is 1124.03 ft.
𝑎 ≈ 1124.03
46
Learning Competency with code:
Solve problems involving oblique triangles. M9GE-IVh-j-1

General Directions:
Read all the directions carefully. Analyze every question, and then answer each item correctly.
Write your answers and solutions on a clean sheet of paper.

Activity A: Solving Figures

Directions: Below are sketches depicting real-life situations. Your task is to find the missing
part indicated in each sketch.

1.

𝟏𝟑𝟐°

𝟏𝟔. 𝟒°
2.

16 ft

11.2 ft

3.

𝟔𝟐. 𝟓°

47
Activity B: Sketch and Solve
Directions: Draw the triangle that best illustrates each of the situations. Label the given parts
and solve the problem.

1. At a particular instant, when an airplane was directly above a straight-line road

connecting two small towns, the angles of depression of these towns were 9.3° and
7.6°. Find the straight-line distances from the airplane to each of the towns at this
instant given that the towns are 7.24 km apart.
2. A triangular field has sides of lengths 312.5 meters, 245 meters and 168 meters.
Determine the value of the largest angle.
3. A soccer player takes a shot on a standard net that is 7.3 meters wide. If the player is
16 meters from one goalpost and 20 meters from the other, through what angle can a
goal be made?

References:

Bryant, Melden L., et.al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 9. (Philippines: Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc., 2016)

Leithold, Louis. College Algebra and Trigonometry. (Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte
Ltd., 2001)

Orines Fernando, Diaz Zenada, Mojica Majarlika. Next Century Mathematics: Mathematics
9. (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2014)

Answer Key:

Activity A: Solving Figures Activity B: Sketch and Solve

1. 78 m 1. 4.02 km and 3.29 km
2. 34.05° 2. 96.56°
3.60.59 m 4. 19.66°

Prepared:

Fedimyr O. Morales
SST-III, Sapang Bato National High School

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Answer Sheets

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