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Probability Intro

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44 views2 pages

Probability Intro

Uploaded by

iipoovizhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROBABILITY

Probability denotes the possibility of the outcome of any random event. The meaning of this
term is to check the extent to which any event is likely to happen.
The probability is the measure of the likelihood of an event to happen. It measures the
certainty of the event.
P(E) = Number of Favourable Outcomes / Total number of outcomes.
Probability of an Event E is represented by P(E).
For example, the probability of getting a head when a coin is tossed is equal to 1/2. Similarly,
the probability of getting a tail when a coin is tossed is also equal to 1/2.
Hence, the total probability will be:
P(E) = 1/2 + 1/2 = 1
Sample Space:
A sample space is the set of all possible results or outcomes of a random experiment.
Suppose, if we have thrown a dice, randomly, then the sample space for this experiment will
be all possible outcomes of throwing a dice, such as;
Sample Space = { 1,2,3,4,5,6}.
Outcome:
An Outcome is a result of a random experiment.
For example, when we roll a dice getting six is an outcome.
Event:
An Event is a set of outcomes.
For example, when we roll dice, the probability of getting a number less than five is an event.
Elementary Event
An event having only one outcome of the experiment is called an elementary event.
Example: Take the experiment of tossing a coin n number of times. One trial of this
experiment has two possible outcomes: Heads(H) or Tails(T). So for an individual toss, it has
only one outcome, i.e. Heads or Tails.
Sum of Probabilities
The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is one i.e,
P(E) + P(Ē) = 1
Example: take the coin-tossing experiment. P(Heads) + P (Tails) = (1/2) + (1/2) =1.
Impossible Event:
An event that has no chance of occurring is called an Impossible event, i.e. P(E) = 0.
Ex. The probability of getting a 7 on a roll of a die is 0. As 7 can never be an outcome of this
trial.
Sure event or certain event.
An event that has a 100% probability of occurrence is called a sure event. The probability
of occurrence of a sure event or certain event is one.
Ex. What is the probability that a number obtained after throwing a die is less than 7?
P(E) = P(Getting a number less than 7) = 6/6= 1
Range of Probability of an event
Probability can range between 0 and 1, where 0 probability means the event to be an
impossible one and probability of 1 indicates a certain event i.e. 0 ≤P (E) ≤ 1.
Equally likely event:
an even or equal chance, is equally likely for an event to happen or not happen.
Unlikely Event:
If the chance of an event happening is less than this, we say it is unlikely.
Likely event:
If the probability or chance is greater than this, we say it is likely.

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