KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA DRDO BENGALURU
WINTER BREAK HOLIDAY HOME WORK CLASS -IX
1. The Bohr model and reality
At first glance, the Bohr model looks like a two dimensional model of the atoms because it restricts the motion
of the electrons to a circular orbit in a two dimensional plane. In reality the Bohr model is a one dimensional
model. Only one coordinate is needed to describe the orbits in the Bohr model. But, electrons aren’t particles that
can be restricted to one dimensional circular orbit. They act to some extent as waves and therefore exist in three
dimensional space. Actually Bohr model proposed by Neils Bohr in 1915 is a modification of the earlier
Rutherford Model. The main points of the Bohr model are-
i. Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.
ii. The energy or the orbit is related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.
iii. Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.
Question 1.
Statement-“ In reality the Bohr model is a one dimensional model.”
Reason- It is because a circle can be defined by specifying only one dimension.
What is that ‘one dimension’ ?
Question 2.
According to Bohr’s model of atom, what prevents an atom from being collapsed?
a.) The nuclear force
b.) Movement of electrons in discrete energy levels.
c.) The electron-electron repulsion
d.) All of the above
Question 3.
“In order to overcome the objection raised against Rutherford’s model of the atom, Neil Bohr put forward his
model of atom.”What was that ‘objection’?
Question 4.
According to current theory, electrons are arranged in energy levels around the nucleus. When electrons gain or
lose energy, they jump between levels as they are rotating around the nucleus.
Select the correct option
a.) As electrons gain energy, they move to ................(lower/higher) level.
b.) As electrons lose energy, they move to ................(lower/higher) level.
2. Standing in a hallway with mirrors
If an object is situated in front of two mirrors, you may see images in both mirrors. In addition, the image in the
first mirror may act as an object for the second mirror, so the second mirror may form an image of the image. If
the mirrors are placed parallel to each other and the object is placed at a point other than the midpoint between
them, then this process of image-of-an-image continues without end, as you may have noticed when standing in
a hallway with mirrors on each side.
1. Two plane mirrors are placed parallel to each other. An object is placed at the midpoint between them. No. of
images formed will be-________________
2. Does position of these plane mirrors affect the number of images formed?
3. What will happen to the no. of images if we place two mirrors at 45 degree angle to each other. .
4. Multiple images formed in this condition will be of same or different.
5. If we want 9 images of an object what arrangements of two mirrors and object should be done.
3. WASTE WATER STORY
Wastewater effluents are major contributors to a variety of water pollution problems. Most cities of developing
countries generate on the average 30–70 mm3 of wastewater per person per year. Owing to lack of or improper
wastewater treatment facilities, wastewater and its effluents are often discharged into surface water sources,
which are receptacles for domestic and industrial wastes, resulting to pollution. The poor quality of wastewater
effluents is responsible for the degradation of the receiving surface water body. Wastewater effluent should be
treated efficiently to avert adverse health risk of the user of surface water resources and the aquatic ecosystem.
The release of raw and improperly treated wastewater onto water courses has both short‐ and long ‐term effects
on the environment and human health. Hence, there should be proper enforcement of water and environmental
laws to protect the health of inhabitants of both rural and urban communities.
1. Rivers and lakes both are-
A. Fresh water bodies
B. Salty water bodies
C. Ground water bodies
D. Surface water bodies
2. The release of raw and improperly treated domestic wastewater into rivers and lakes may cause:
I. Growth of aquatic plants
II. Death of aquatic animals
III. Water borne diseases in humans
IV. Decline in BOD
A. II and III
B. I and IV
C. I , II and III
D. I , II , III and IV
3. Ground water resources are less polluted than surface water resources. Do you agree with the
statement? Justify your response.
4. Waste Water contaminated by organic waste can be treated by microorganisms naturally and in this
process-
A. DO increases and BOD decreases
B. DO decreases and BOD Increases
C. DO increases and BOD increases
D. DO decreases and BOD decreases
5. Suggest any two methods to control water pollution due to Domestic Sewage.
6. Can release of waste water contaminated by toxic materials in open land area away from the water
body suggested to control the water pollution?
7. Water pollution occurs by-
I. Waste water from home
II. Waste water from industry
III. Waste from agriculture
IV. Hot water from thermal power plant
A. All I to IV
B. I to III only
C. I and II only
D. III and IV only
4. Industrially, a by-product of the burning of coal, sulfur dioxide gas, may combine with water vapor in the air
to eventually produce sulphuric acid, which falls as acid rain. People of nearby area observe corrosion in the
buildings due to the smoke released from the industry. To prevent the sulphur dioxide from being released, a
device is used that clean the gas from smoke stacks. This device first blows calcium carbonate into the
combustion chamber where it decomposes into calcium oxide (lime) and carbon dioxide. This lime then reacts
with the sulphur dioxide produced forming calcium sulphite. A suspension of lime is then injected into the
mixture to produce a slurry, which removes the calcium sulphate.
Corrosion of the buildings in nearby area is due to-
A. Sulphuric acid in rain water
B. sulphur dioxide in industrial exhaust
C. Carbon in Smoke
D. Heat released in the process
A device which gleans the gas from smoke stacks is known as -
A. Electrostatic precipitator
B. scrubber
C. Catalytic converter
D. Smoke filter
The substance which form calcium sulphite in chemical reaction with lime is-
A. Sulphur
B. Sulphur dioxide
C. Hydrogen sulphide
D. Sulphuric acid
Lime then reacts with the gas produced forming calcium sulphite. In this reaction-
i. Neutralization of toxic gas occurs by lime.
ii. A salt is formed at the end of reaction.
iii. Heat is absorbed in the process.
iv. Exothermic reaction takes place.
A. i and iv are correct
B. i and iii are correct
C. i, ii and iii are correct
D. i, ii and iv are correct
Process of treatment of industrial exhaust as used here, the similar process is used when-
A. Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is used into soil that is too acidic for plant growth.
B. We treat wasp stings with vinegar.
C. We use Toothpaste that neutralise the acid that our mouth creates from bacteria.
D. All of these
Lime water turns-
A. Blue litmus into red
B. Red litmus into blue
C. No effect on red and blue litmus
D. Red and blue litmus colourlesss
5. In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by statement of reason is given. Choose the
correct answer out of the following choices
a)Both Assertion and Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
b)Both Assertion and Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Assertion is false and Reason is true..
a. ASSERTION.-The outermost layer of cells in plant is, called epidermis.
REASON- The epidermis aids in protection against loss of water, mechanical support
b. ASSERTION- The epidermis of the leaf consists of pores are called stomata .
REASON. - Stomata are necessary for exchanging gases with the atmosphere..
c. ASSERTION- Transpiration (loss of water in the form of water vapour) takes place through stomata.
REASON- Epidermal cells of the root involve in water absorption bear long hair-like parts that greatly
increase the total absorptive surface area.
6. Identify the following components of complex plant tissue.
A B C
5.write the components of xylem &phloem
6. Complex tissues are made of more than one type of cells. –yes/no
7. Xylem and phloem are complex tissues.- yes/no
8. Tracheids and vessels are tubular structures which allows them to transport water and minerals vertically.
Justify
9. Identify the given complex permanent tissue and label all the parts.
a. ASSERTION-.. The covering or protective tissues in the animal body are epithelial tissues
REASON - Epithelium covers most organs and cavities within the body.
1. All epithelium is usually separated from the underlying tissue by an extracellular fibrous basement
membrane. TRUE/FALSE
2. Identify the following epithelia
A B C
3. Simple squamous epithelial cells are extremely thin and flat and form a delicate lining. TRUE/FALSE
4. The oesophagus and the lining of the mouth are also covered with squamous epithelium. TRUE/FALSE
7.READ THE FOLLOWING AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
Where absorption and secretion occur, as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall epithelial
cells are present. This columnar (meaning ‘pillar-like’) epithelium facilitates movement across the epithelial
barrier. In the respiratory tract, the columnar epithelial tissue also has cilia, which are hair-like projections on the
outer surfaces of epithelialcells. These cilia can move, and their movement pushes the mucus forward to clear it.
This type of epithelium is thus ciliated columnar epithelium.
i) some epithelium are named as ciliated epithelium.why?
ii) Where do you find it?
iii )mention the function performed by them.
7.Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed, while in the case
of a suspension, they do.
8.Smoke and fog are both aerosols. In what way are they different?
9.Why does the temperature of a substance remain constant during its melting point or boiling point?
10.You want to wear your favourite shirt to a party, but the problem is that it is still wet after a wash. What steps
would you take to dry it faster?
11.Alka was making tea in a kettle. Suddenly she felt intense heat from the puff of steam gushing out of the
spout of the kettle. She wondered whether the temperature of the steam was higher than that of the water
boiling in the kettle. Comment.
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