BS10003: Spring 2021-22 Test 2

Full Marks: 52 [Part 1: 38 marks (17 Questions X 2) Part 2: 10 marks (10 Questions X 1)]

Part 1 of 2: Select the right answer (17 Questions, 2 marks each)

1. Convalescent plasma therapy uses blood from people who've recovered from an illness to help
others recover. Blood plasma from people who have recovered from COVID19 has antibodies
against viral proteins. When administered in a new patient, the antibodies will fight the virus.
What type of immunity is this? (2 Points)
a) Active immunity
b) Innate immunity
c) Autoimmunity
d) Passive immunity

2.

(2 Points)
7
a) 34 𝑋 10 𝑃𝐹𝑈/𝑚𝑙
b) 40 𝑋 107𝑃𝐹𝑈/𝑚𝑙
c) 300 𝑋 106 𝑃𝐹𝑈/𝑚𝑙
d) 34 𝑋 106 𝑃𝐹𝑈/𝑚𝑙

3. A student was performing cloning of a giraffe by nuclear transfer method. She made two
mistakes: firstly, she took a fertilized ovum; secondly, she forgot to remove the nucleus of the
ovum before injecting the nucleus of a somatic cell. What would be the most probable outcome
of this experiment? (2 Points)
a) The resulting zygote will develop into a normal diploid (2n) giraffe
b) The zygote will be triploid (3n), hence would have cell division problems
c) The zygote will be tetraploid (4n), hence it would not survive due to double genomic
content
d) The zygote will be tetraploid (4n), it will result into a gigantic giraffe

4. You have purified a multi-subunit extracellular protein that has several interchain disulfide bonds.
Which of the following chemicals would you add to your purified protein mixture if you wanted
to eliminate the disulfide bonds? (2 Points)
a) NaCl, a salt
b) SDS, an ionic detergent
 c) H2O2, an oxidizing reagent
d) β-mercapto ethanol, a reducing agent

5. In alpha helix and beta sheets, the hydrogen bonds are (2 Points)
a) parallel to the helical axis and perpendicular to the beta strands.
b) parallel to the helical axis and parallel to the beta strands.
c) perpendicular to the helical axis and perpendicular to the beta strands.
d) perpendicular to the helical axis and parallel to the beta strands.

6. Theoretically, a vast number of different proteins can be assembled from 20 different amino
acids. How many polypeptide chains are possible that are 10 amino acids long? (2 Points)
a) 20 𝑋 10
b) 2010
c) 1020
d) 2010 𝑋 1020

7. One undergrad student is repeating Anfinsen's experiment with an enzyme that has TEN cysteine
residues and forms FIVE disulfide bonds. What is the total number of possible disulfide bond
combinations that can be formed randomly in the denatured protein? (2 Points)
a) 45
b) 105
c) 945
d) 225

8. Arrange the following options in increasing order of protein structure hierarchy: A: alpha-helix B:
amino acid sequence C: quaternary structure D: a protein domain (2 Points)
a) A, B, C, D
b) A, C, B, D
c) B, A, D, C
d) B, C, A, D

9. There is an initial 'eclipse period' followed by a 'burst phase' in the viral growth curve. What do
you think is the reason for this? (2 Points)
a) The G1, S and G2 phases result in the initial 'eclipse period' in the viral growth curve.
After mitosis the 'burst phase' occurs.
b) Initially the viral particles divide very slowly and hence we cannot detect any significant
growth. Later on their number increases exponentially giving the burst phase
c) The eclipse period is when our immune system is efficiently killing the virus particles.
When the virus overcomes the immune system, the burst phase occurs.
d) After initial infection the virus disassembles, makes the individual nucleic acids and
proteins, and assembles them inside the host resulting in the eclipse period. The
assembled particles are released in the burst phase

10.While Origin and maturation of B cells take place in _________, origin of T cells take place in
bone marrow and get mature in __________. (2 Points)
 a) Bone marrow, lymph nodes
b) Thymus, bone marrow
c) Bone marrow, thymus
d) Thymus, lymph nodes

11.Following curves represent the load of pathogen (in y axis)

over time (y axis). The curve in yellow represents the
result of a healthy mouse. Other two curves represent
some kind of defects in the immune system of respective
mouse. What could be the defect that delivers these
results? (2 Points)
a) Curves in red and green correspond to mouse
that lack adaptive immune component and innate
immune component respectively
b) Curves in red and green correspond to mouse
that possess a strong adaptive immune response
and a weak innate immune response respectively
c) Curves in red and green correspond to mouse that possess weak adaptive immune
system and strong innate immune system respectively
d) Curves in red and green correspond to mouse that lack innate immune component and
adaptive immune component respectively

12.In sexually reproducing organisms, which of the following two events, occurring in every
generation of diploid organisms, ensure conservation of diploid nature? (2 Points)
a) Mitotic division of gametes; Fertilization of haploid gametes
b) Fertilization of haploid gametes; chromosome number duplication in Zygote
c) Reductional Meiotic division during gamete formation; Fertilization of haploid gametes
d) Reductional Meiotic division during gamete formation; Mitotic division of gametes

13.If the recognition sequence of the restriction enzyme is GAATTC, then how many covalent bonds
will be broken by the enzyme in the following DNA molecule? 5’ GCTGTGAATTCAGT 3’ 3’
CGACACTTAAGTCA 5’ (2 Points)
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 0

14.You have studied genetic engineering in your 2nd semester at IIT Kharagpur, and you came to
know that in order to express a foreign protein in bacteria E. coli, you have to clone the gene of
interest in suitable plasmid that should contain a promoter site. This promoter site is required for
(2 Points)
a) maintaining the plasmid in E. coli.
b) keeping E. coli alive in presence of antibiotics.
c) the self-replication of plasmid.
d) the production of RNA so that the desired protein can be translated in E. coli.
15.Domestic sheep possesses 2n=54 chromosomes. You have studied, that Dolly, the first cloned
mammals was created through nuclear transfer method. During this process, the nucleus which
was used for the creation of Dolly should contain (2 Points)
a) 27 chromosomes
b) 54 chromosomes
c) 108 chromosomes
d) Cannot be predicted

16.Which of the following pairs of amino acids might contribute to protein conformation by forming
electrostatic interactions? (Hints: Nonpolar: Glycine, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine; Positively
charged: Lysine and Arginine; Negatively charged: Glutamate and Aspartate) (2 Points)
a) Glycine and aspartate
b) Glutamate and lysine
c) Phenylalanine and tyrosine
d) Lysine and arginine

17.Peptide backbone has three torsion angles namely omega, phi and psi. However, Ramachandran
map ignores one of these and plots and only two are considered. Which of the following
statements gives the CORRECT reasoning for this? (2 Points)
a) A two-dimensional plot can be made using only two variables. Hence one of the angles
was ignored.
b) One of the torsion angles is part of the peptide plane and in most cases has only one
value. Hence, unnecessary to plot.
c) Historically only two torsion angles were discovered at that time. Hence, Ramachandran
and his student used only those two torsion angles for the map.
d) It does not matter which two torsion angles are used to create the Ramachandran map.
The same map can be created by choosing any two of the three torsion angles.

Part 2 of 2: Select the right answer (18 Questions, 1 mark each)

18.Corona virus is described as a 'zoonotic' virus - what does this mean? (1 Point)
a) Such viruses are confined to animals
b) They had always been a human virus and cause disease in humans
c) They emerged from animals and crossed the species barrier to infect humans
d) They cause pandemics

19.Which of the following phase of cell cycle is shortest? (1 Point)

a) G1
b) S
c) G2
d) M

20.Mature human muscle cells and nerve cells (1 Point)

a) continuously divide to produce new muscle and nerve cells
 b) normally don’t divide as they are differentiated cells
c) only express tissue-specific genes and don’t express any housekeeping genes
d) only express housekeeping genes and don’t express any tissue-specific genes

21.The enzyme that is involved in joining of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is also utilized
in recombinant DNA technology in the following step: (1 Point)
a) Restriction cleavage of gene of interest
b) Insert gene of interest into vector
c) Transformation of bacterial cell with recombinant plasmid
d) Selection of transformed bacteria in culture

22.In a folded protein, the nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids tend to be (1 Point)
a) hidden inside the protein
b) exposed on the outside of the protein
c) distributed randomly throughout the protein
d) cannot be predicted

23.Which of the following amino acids often participate in covalent bond formation through its side
chain? (1 Point)
a) Alanine
b) Cysteine
c) Valine
d) Glycine

24.The professional antigen presenting cells of the immune system are: (1 Point)
a) Macrophages and Dendritic cells
b) Dendritic cells and Natural Killer cells
c) Natural Killer cells and Neutrophils
d) Neutrophils and Basophils

25.Which of the following tests could be performed to detect the presence of viral nucleic acid (RNA)
in patient body fluid? (1 Point)
a) Plaque assay
b) Antigen test
c) Antibody test
d) RT-PCR test

26.Which of the essential cellular machinery is lacking for all of the viruses? (1 Point)
a) DNA polymerase
b) Ribosome
c) RNA polymerase
d) Reverse transcriptase

27.Identical twins are (1 Point)

a) the result of embryo splitting at the early stage of pregnancy.
 b) always of same sex.
c) the result of fertilization of single egg that splits in two.
d) all of these.

28.Which of the following is NOT true for adaptive immune response? (1 Point)
a) Highly specific towards individual pathogens
b) Distinction between self and foreign
c) Response time is same towards multiple exposures of same pathogen
d) Retention of memory of infection

29.A plasma cell secretes (1 Point)

a) antibody of a single specificity
b) antibody of multiple specificity
c) the antigen it recognizes
d) antimicrobial peptides

30.Metastasis is one of the hallmark signatures of Cancer. What does it mean? (1 Point)
a) Invasion and tumor formation at a new site
b) Evading (escaping) apoptosis
c) Formation of blood vessels in tumor
d) Accelerated cell division

31.Which of the following processes leading to genetic exchange between chromosomes giving new
combination of genes that are different from either parent? (1 Point)
a) Cytokinesis
b) Crossing over
c) Mitosis
d) Apoptosis

32.RNA polymerase is an example of (1 Point)

a) Two of the most complex proteins present in our body.
b) Tertiary structures of protein.
c) Quaternary structures of protein.
d) Proteins that are available in all of our cells.

33.Which of the following is the most important discovery that has led to the development of
recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering)? (1 Point)
a) Discovery of double helix model by Watson and Crick.
b) Discovery of DNA as genetic material.
c) Discovery of restriction enzymes.
d) All of these.

34.Major function of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules is (1 Point)

a) immunological memory
b) generation of antibody
 c) antigen presentation
d) immunological surveillance in innate pathway

35.Sperms are produced by meiotic division of diploid progenitor cells. How many of these diploid
cells would be required to generate 4000 sperms? (1 Point)
a) 500
b) 1000
c) 2000
d) 4000