KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA COD
CHHEOKI PRAYAGRAJ
CHEMISTRY PROJECT
REPORT
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Mr.TUSHAR
SRIVASTAVA Ved Mishra
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA COD
CHEOKKI
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that VEDMISHTRA,a student of class XIIhas
successfully completed this project under the guidanceof Mr.
Tushar Srivastava during the year 2023-24 in partial fulfillment of
chemistry practical examination conducted by C.B.S.E.,New
Delhi.
Signature of External Signature of Chemistry
Examiner Teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have best
owned upon me with their blessings and the heart pledged support, this
time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have been concerned with
project.
Primarily I would thank god for making me able to complete this
project withsuccess. Then I would like to thank my principal Mr. Manoj
Kumar and Chemistry teacher Mr.TusharSrivastava, whose
valuable guidance has been the ones that helped me patch this project
and make it full proof success his suggestions and his instructions
has served as the major contributor towards the completion of the
project. Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who
have helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has
been helpful in various phases of the completion of the project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates.
Ved Miahra
o INTRODUCTION
o AIM OF THE PROJECT
o APPARATUS REQUIRED
o THEORY
o REACTIONS
o PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
o OBSERVATION
o CONCLUSION
o PRECAUTION
o BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Aluminium because of its low density, high tensile strength and
resistance to corrosion is widely used for the manufacture of aero
planes, automobiles lawn furniture as well as for aluminium cans.
Being good conductor of electricity it is used for transmission of
electricity. Aluminium is also used for making utensils. The
recycling of aluminium cans and other aluminium products is a very
positive contribution to saving our natural resources. Most of the
recycled aluminium is melted and recast into other aluminium
metal products or used in the production of various aluminium
compounds, the most common of which are the alums. Alums are
double sulphates having general formula:-
X2SO4.M2(SO4)3.24H2O
X = Monovalent cation; M = Trivalent cation;
Some important alum and their names are given
below:
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O -Potash Alum
Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O-Soda Alum
K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O -Chrome Alum
(NH)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O - Ferric Alum
Potash alum is used in papermaking, in fire extinguishers, in
food stuffs and in purification of water soda alum used in baking
powders
and chrome alum is used in tanning leather and water proofing fabrics.
In addition to these primary uses, alum is also used as.
i. An astringent a substance or preparation that draws together or
constricts body tissues and is effective in stopping the flow of blood or other
secretions. Alum has also been used by conventional hairdressers for
treating shaving cuts,
ii. A mordant substances used in dyeing to fix certain dyes on cloth.
Either the mordant (if it is colloidal) or a colloid produced by
the mordant adheres to the fiber, attracting and fixing the colloidal mordant
dye. The insoluble, colored precipitate that is formed is called a lake. Alum
is a basic mordant used for fixing acid dyes.
iii. For the removal of phosphate from natural and
waste watersthe aluminium ions of alum combine with the
orthophosphate around pH 6 to form the solid aluminum
hydroxyphosphate which is precipitated.
iv. For fireproofing fabrics:-The major uses of alums are based on
two important properties, namely precipitation of Al(OH)3 and those related
to the acidity created by the production of
hydrogen ions.
+3 +
Al(H2O)6 → Al(OH)3↓ + 3H2O + 3H
The H+ions generated are used foe reacting with sodium
bicarbonate to release CO2. This property is made use of in
baking powder and CO2 fire extinguishers.
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To prepare potash alum from aluminium scrap.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
250 ml flask
Funnel
Beaker
Scrap aluminium or cola can
Potassium hydroxide solution (KOH)
6 M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
Water Bath
Ethanol
THEORY
Aluminum metal is treated with hot aqueous KOH solution.
Aluminium dissolves as potassium aluminate, KAl (OH) 4, salt.
2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 6H2O(l) 2KAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H2
Potassium aluminate solution on treatment with dil. Sulphuric
acid first gives precipitate Al (OH) 3, which dissolves on addition
of small excess of H2SO4 and heating.
2Al(OH)3(s) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
2Al(OH)3 (s)+ 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)
The resulting solution is concentrated to near saturation and cooled.
On cooling crystals of potash alum crystallize out.
K2SO4 (aq) + Al2 (SO4)3(aq) +24H2O (l)K2SO4.Al2 (SO4)3.
4H2O(s)
REACTIONS
2Al(s) +2KOH (aq) + 6H2O (l)2KAl (OH) 4 (aq) + 3H2
K2SO4 (aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq)+24H2O(l) K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3. +24H2O(s)
2Al(OH)3(s)+ 3 H2SO4(aq)
Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 2Al(OH)3(s) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
K2SO4 (aq) + Al2 (SO4)3(aq) +24H2O (l)
K2SO4.Al2.(SO4)3.24H2O(s)
PROCEDURE
Clean a small piece of scrap aluminium with steel wool and cut
it into very small pieces. Aluminium foil may be taken instead
of scrap aluminium.
Put the small pieces of scrap aluminium or aluminium foil
(about 1.00g) into a conical flask and add about 50 ml of 4 M
KOH solution to dissolve the aluminium.
The flask may be heated gently in order to facilitate
dissolution. Since during this step hydrogen gas is evolved
this step must be done in a well-ventilated area.
Continue heating until all of the aluminium reacts.
Filter the solution to remove any insoluble impurities
and reduce the volume to about 25 ml by heating.
Allow the filtrate to cool. Now add slowly 6 M H2SO4
until insoluble Al (OH)3 just forms in the solution.
Procedure
Gently heat the mixture until the Al(OH)3 precipitate
dissolves.
Cool the resulting solution in an ice-bath for about 30
minutes whereby alum crystals should separate out.
For better results the solution may be left overnight
for crystallization to continue.
In case crystals do not form the solution may be
further concentrated and cooled again.
In case crystals do not form the solution may be
further concentrated and cooled again.
Filter the crystals from the solution using vacuum pump, wash
the crystals with 50/50 ethanol-water mixture.
Continue applying the vacuum until the crystals appear dry.
Determine the mass of alum crystals.
OBSERVATIONS:
Mass of aluminium metal =
...2.39.................g
Mass of potash alum =
........4.67............g Theoretical
yield of potash alum =
......................................5.43...............................
.........g
Percent yield = ........86......... %
CONCLUSION
Potash alum of…………86… % yield
was prepared from aluminium
scrap.
PRECAUTIONS
Handle the glass wares safely.
Allow the time required to set.
Spray only required amount of water.
BIBILOGRAPHY
o H E L P F R O M I N T E R N ET
w w w . g oog l e . c om
w ww. wik ipedi a . org
w ww. i cbse. com
o I N F O R M AT I O N F R O M L I B R A R Y
o H E L P F R O M T E A C H E RS
