Unit 8:

Chemical Reactions and

Balancing Chemical
Equations
Essential Questions:

• What is a chemical reaction? How can you tell if a chemical reaction

has taken place?
• What are the chemical reactions relating to everyday life?
• What are the different types of chemical reactions, and how can we
recognize them based on the behavior of the reactants and products?
• How can we balance chemical equations, and why is it important to
ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on
both sides of the equation?
• What is the law of conservation of mass, and how does it apply to
chemical reactions?
• How can we use our understanding of chemical reactions to solve
real-life problems, such as reducing pollution or developing new
materials?
Objectives:

Apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions

Explain how the factors affecting rates of chemical reactions are

applied in food preservation and materials production, control of
fire, pollution, and corrosion
 Ultimate Test as to physical or chemical
change
 Ultimate Test as to Chemical Change…

New Substance is formed!

 Chemical Reaction
• process in which 1 or more
substances undergo a chemical
change that leads to the formation
of new substance/s
What are the evidences
of a chemical reaction?
 Evidences/Indicators of
chemical reaction:
1. evolution of energy as heat and light
2. production of gas
3. formation of a precipitate
4. change in color
5. change in odor
Precipitate
- insoluble solid formed
during a reaction
 CHEMICAL REACTION

• REACTANTS - original substance/s

• substances that chemically react to produce new
substances

• PRODUCTS - resulting substance/s

• substances that are formed from a chemical
reaction

• REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Chemical Equation
- shorthand way to represent
chemical reaction using symbols and
formulas
Chemical Equation
Reactants Products
Types of Chemical
Equation
Word Equation
• An equation in which the reactants and
products in the chemical reaction are
represented by words.

Example:
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
* The arrow is read as react to yield or yield (also produce or
form).
 Formula Equation
• Represents the reactants and products of a
chemical reaction by their symbols or
formulas.

CH4 (g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O (g)

 Characteristics of
Chemical Equations
1. The equation must represent known facts.
2. The equation must contain the correct formulas
for the reactants and products.
3. The law of conservation of mass must be satisfied.
- coefficient – is a small whole number that
appears in front of a formula in a chemical
equation.
Symbols used in Chemical Equation
Symbol use
+ separate reactants (combines with, reacts with) or products (and,
plus)

→ or = Separates reactants from products (yields, produces)

For reversible reaction in place of single arrow

(g) or ↑ indicates a gaseous reactant or product

(s) or↓ indicates a solid reactant or product

(l) indicates a liquid reactant or product

(aq) Indicates reactant/product in aqueous solution (dissolve in water)

∆ Indicates that heat is supplied

Pt Indicates the use of catalyst (speeds up reaction without being

consumed)
# Diatomic molecules
(formed by the sharing of the pair of
electrons)
# Hydrogen H2
# Nitrogen N2
# Oxygen O2
# Fluorine F2
# Chlorine Cl2
# Iodine I2
# Bromine Br2
Ionic Charges
1. Zinc reacts with oxygen in air to produce zinc
oxide.
2. Mercury (II) oxide is heated to produce
mercury and oxygen gas.
3. Aqueous sodium chloride is mixed with liquid
silver nitrate to produce white precipitate of
silver chloride and sodium nitrate.
4. Hydrogen reacts with hot magnetic iron (Fe3
O4 ) to form elemental iron. Steam is the
other product of the reaction.

5.Iron (II) sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid

to produce hydrogen sulfide gas and Iron (II)
chloride.
6. Water is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen
gas and oxygen gas
Your turn!

Write the formula equation for:

1. Sodium oxide + water → sodium hydroxide
2. Zinc + copper (II) sulfate → copper + zinc
sulfate
3. Copper + silver nitrate → silver + copper (II)
nitrate
 Values Integration:
• Core Value: EXCELLENCE Manifestation:

• Sub-Values: RESOURCEFULNESS • maximize resources.

(Pagkamaparaan) • repair, reuse, and recycle.

• It is the ability to make do with what is • use time and talent wisely.
available to create a solution and • see the value of objects, ideas,
overcome possible problems that may and people.
arise.
 Unit 8:

Chemical Reactions and

Balancing Chemical
Equations
5 Types of Chemical Reactions
 1. Combustion Reactions
• Occurs when oxygen reacts with a hydrocarbon to produce
water and carbon dioxide.
• A hydrocarbon is a compound containing only Carbon,
Hydrogen and sometimes oxygen.
• Example:
C10H8(s) + 12O2 (g) → 10CO2 (g) + 4H2O(g)
 Combustion Reactions

• Combustion reactions - a
hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas.
• This is also called burning!!!
• In order to burn something you need
the 3 things in the “fire triangle”:

• 1) Fuel (hydrocarbon)
2) Oxygen
3) Something to ignite the reaction
(spark)
 Combustion Reactions

• In general:
CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O
• Products are ALWAYS
carbon dioxide and water. (although
incomplete burning does cause some
by-products like carbon monoxide)
• Combustion is used to heat homes and
run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline,
is C8H18)
Combustion
• Example
• C5H12 + 8 O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O
• Write the products and balance the following
combustion reaction:
• C10H22 + O2 →
 2. Synthesis (or Combination)
• the combination of 2 or more substances to form a
compound

• only one product

A + B → AB

◼Example: 2 Cu + O2 → 2CuO
 Synthesis
H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 HCl(g)
Ex. Synthesis Reaction
 3. Decomposition
• a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances

• only one reactant

AB → A + B
• Examples:
• 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2 (g)
• H2CO3 (aq) → H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
 Decomposition
2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
Ex. Decomposition Reaction
 4. Single Replacement
• Occurs when a single element reacts with an ionic
compound and switches places with one of the elements
in the compound.

A + BC → B + AC
 Single Replacement
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
 4. Single Replacement
• General Form: AB + C → AC + B

• Cation Displacement
Al + CuCl2 (aq) → Cu + AlCl3(aq)

• Anion Displacement
Cl2 + KBr → KCl + Br2
Ex. Single Replacement Reaction
 5. Double Replacement
• ions in two compounds “change partners”
• cation of one compound combines with anion of the other

AB + CD → AD + CB
 Double Replacement
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

Usually produce a solid product (precipitate)!

 Double Replacement Reactions
• Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions
go together + inside ions go together
• Example:

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

• Another example:

K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)

 Steps to Classifying Reactions
1. Does the reaction contain oxygen, carbon dioxide
and water? If Yes, then it is combustion
2. Do simple molecules form one more complicated
product? If yes, then it is
synthesis/combination.
3. Does a single reactant break apart to 2 or more
simpler products? Then it is decomposition
 Steps to Classifying Reactions
Continued. . . .
4. Is there an ionic compound
and a single element on the
reactant side and product
side? Then it is single
displacement.

5. Are all compounds ionic?

Then it is double
displacement/Replacement.
 Examples
• C3H7OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O • Combustion

• Synthesis
• Mg + O2 → MgO

• Decomposition
• H2O2 → H2O + O 2
• Single Displacement
• Al + CuCl2 → Cu + AlCl3

• Pb(NO3)2 + KI → PbI2 + KNO3 • Double

Displacement
 Practical Applications:
• A burning pain or sensation in the
stomach is usually caused by
excess gastric hydrochloric acid.
People who experienced
hyperacidity are advised to take
antacids which consists
carbonates like calcium carbonate
(CaCO3).
• Photosynthesis plays an important role in our world
because it allows plants to produce their own food
(glucose, C6H12O6) and to give off oxygen (O2) which
we breathe in. This process won’t be possible
without carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
• Hard water contains ions of
calcium, magnesium, and/or
iron. Hard water is said to be
softened when treated with
Na2CO3. The hardness ions
are removed as a white solid.
• Copper bottoms of
some cooking pans
turn black after being
used. The copper
reacts with oxygen to
form copper oxide
 Practice
• Predict the products.
1. HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) →
2. CaCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) →
3. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + BaCl2(aq) →
4. FeCl3(aq) + NaOH(aq) →
5. H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) →
6. KOH(aq) + CuSO4(aq) →
Identify the type of chemical reaction.
1. C3 H8 + 5O2 → CO2 +4H2O
2. Al + Pb(NO 3) 2 → Pb + Al(NO3)3
3. K2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 → KNO3 + BaSO4
4. Mg + F2 → MgF2
5. H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
Mixed Practice
• State the type & predict the products.

1. BaCl2 + H2SO4 →
2. C6H12 + O2 →
3. Zn + CuSO4 →
4. Cs + Br2 →
5. FeCO3 →
 Values Integration
• Core Value: EXCELLENCE Manifestation:
• Sub-Values: PERSUASIVENESS • be a role model.
(Pagpupursigi)
• hope for the better.
• It is the ability to convince or influence
• think and listen more.
others to do what is right and to believe
what is true. • share the truth with others.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/h
tml/balancing-chemical-
equations/latest/balancing-
chemical-equations_en.html
SIGNIFICANCE of a
Balanced Chemical
Equation
 - coefficients indicate
relative, not absolute amounts of
reactants and products
 - relative masses of reactants
and products can be determined
from coefficients
 - reverse reaction for a chemical
equation has the same relative
amounts of substances as the forward
reaction
Steps in Writing and
Balancing Chemical
Equation
1. Identify names of reactants
and products and write a word
equation
hydrogen + oxygen water
2. Write a formula equation by
substituting correct formulas
H2 + O2 H2O
3. Balance the formula equation

4. Count atoms to be sure that

the equation is balanced
Xe + 𝐹2 → Xe + 𝐹6
KOH + 𝐶𝑂2 → 𝐾2 𝐶𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 + NaOH→ 𝐹𝑒(𝑂𝐻)3 + NaCl
Al + 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 →𝐴𝑙2 (𝑆𝑂4 )3 + 𝐻2
Your turn.
Na + 𝐶𝑙2 → NaCl
𝑆𝑖𝑂2 + C→ SiC + CO
𝑁𝐻3 + CuO→ Cu + 𝑁2 + 𝐻2 𝑂
1. 𝐾𝐶𝑙𝑂3 → KCL + 𝑂2
2. P + 𝑂2 → 𝑃2 𝑂5
3. ZnS + 𝑂2 → ZnO + 𝑆𝑂2
4. Al + O2 --> Al2O3
5. C2H6O + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
End