Mr. H.

Nyamasoka +263771691700

SOLUTIONS: ASSIGNMENT 2
QUESTION 1

Method 1 Method 2

(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(2 × 2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 22

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
= 0.301 + 0.301 = 2 × 0.301
= 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟔𝟎𝟐
(Law 1) (Law 3)

(b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 9 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(3 × 3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 9 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 32

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
= 0.477 + 0.477 = 2 × 0.477
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟒 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟓𝟒
(Law 1) (Law 3)

(c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 8 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(2 × 2 × 2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 8 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 23

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
= 0.301 + 0.301 + 0.301 = 3 × 0.301
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟑 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟎𝟑
(Law 1) (Law 3)

(d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 27 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(3 × 3 × 3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 27 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 33

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
= 0.477 + 0.477 + 0.477 = 3 × 0.477
= 𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟏
(Law 1) (Law 3)

(e) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 12 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(2 × 2 × 3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 12 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(22 × 3)

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 22 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
= 0.301 + 0.301 + 0.477 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟗 = (2 × 0.301) + 0.477
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟗
(Law 1) (Laws 1 & 3)

(f) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 18 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(3 × 3 × 2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 18 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(32 × 2)

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 32 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
= 0.477 + 0.477 + 0.301 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
= 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝟓 = (2 × 0.477) + 0.301
= 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝟓
(Law 1) (Laws 1 & 3)

Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 6

Mr. H. Nyamasoka +263771691700

(g) 1 =
3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2) (h) 2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 3 = 0.301 − 0.477
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
= −𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟔
= 0.477 − 0.301
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟔
(Law 2)
(Law 2)

(i) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 0,3 =

3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (10) (j) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.16 = 16
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (100)
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 16 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 100
= 0.477 − 1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 24 − 2
= −𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟑 = 4 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − 2
(Law 2) = (4 × 0.301) − 2
= 1.204 − 2
= −𝟎. 𝟕𝟗𝟔
(Laws 2 & 3)

(k) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.75 = 3

𝑙𝑜𝑔 (4)
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 − 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
= 0.477 − (2 × 0.301)
= 0.477 − 0.602
= −𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓
(Laws 2 & 3)

(l) 3 27
𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 8 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 8 )
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 27 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 8
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 33 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔23
= 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 − 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
= (3 × 0.477) − (3 × 0.301)
= 1.431 − 0.903
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟖
(Laws 2 & 3)

Points to note on Question 1:

1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 = 1 (The logarithm of 10 to base 10 is 1)

2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 100 = 2 (The logarithm of 100 to base 10 is 2)

Email: [email protected] Page 2 of 6

Mr. H. Nyamasoka +263771691700

QUESTION 2

(a) (b) 3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 15 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (3 × 5) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7
7
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 = 0.477 − 0.845
= 0.477 + 0.699 = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟖
= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟕𝟔

(c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 21 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (3 × 7) (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 35 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (5 × 7)

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7
= 0.477 + 0.845 = 0.699 + 0.845
= 𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟒

(e) (f) 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2 × 5) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 2 =
5
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2)
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2
= 0.301 + 0.699
= 0.699 − 0.301
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟖

(g) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 49 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 72 (h) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 24 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (8 × 3)

= 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 23 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
= 2 × 0.845 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3
= 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟎 = (3 × 0.301) + 0.477
= 0.903 + 0.477
= 𝟏. 𝟑𝟖𝟎

(i) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 70 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (5 × 7 × 2) (j) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 625 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 54

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 4 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5
= 0.699 + 0.845 + 0.301 = 4 × 0.699
= 𝟏. 𝟖𝟒𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟗𝟔

(k) (l) 7
𝑙𝑜𝑔 250 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (125 × 2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.7 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 53 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10
= 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2 × 5)
= (3 × 0.699) + 0.301 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 7 − (𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5)
= 2.097 + 0.301 = 0.845 − (0.301 + 0.699)
= 𝟐. 𝟑𝟗𝟖 = 0.845 − 1.000
= −𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟓

Email: [email protected] Page 3 of 6

Mr. H. Nyamasoka +263771691700

QUESTION 3

(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 30 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (5 × 6) (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 36 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 62

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6
= 𝒙+𝒚 = 𝟐𝒚

(c) (d) 6
𝑙𝑜𝑔 50 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (5 × 10) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.6 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10
= 𝒙+𝟏
= 𝒚−𝟏

(e) 1 6 (f) 5
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6
𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 6
5 = 𝒙−𝒚
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5
= 𝒚−𝒙

Points to note on Question 3:

1. The question requires you to simply substitute 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑔 5 and also 𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6 after having
applied the required Law of Logarithms.

2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 = 1 (Remember, the logarithm of 10 to base 10 is 1)

QUESTION 4

𝑥
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 (b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦
𝑦
= −3 + 2 = −3 − 2
= −𝟏 = −𝟓

(c) 1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 2 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥

𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑦 = 0−2 = 2 × (−3)
= −𝟐 = −𝟔

(e) 1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 (f) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 −3 = −3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦

𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑥 = 0 − (−3) = −3 × 2
= 𝟑 = −𝟔

Points to note on Question 4:

1. Again, this question requires the concept of substitution i.e. (−3) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 and 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦
after having applied the required Law of Logarithms, then simplify further.

2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 = 0 (The logarithm of 1 to any base is 0 since any number to the power of 0 is 1)

Email: [email protected] Page 4 of 6

Mr. H. Nyamasoka +263771691700

QUESTION 5

Index Form (Answers) Explanation

If 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝑴 = 𝒂, then
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑦 10𝑦 = 𝑥
𝒙𝒂 = 𝑴 in index form.
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑚 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑛 = 1 101 = 𝑚𝑛
(b) 101 = 10
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑚𝑛 = 1 or 10 = 𝑚𝑛
𝑚
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑚 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑛 = 0 100 =
𝑛
(c) 𝑚 100 = 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 =0 𝑚
𝑛 or 1= 𝑛

𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 = 2
102 = 𝑥𝑦 2
2
(d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦 = 2 102 = 100
or 100 = 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥𝑦 2 = 2

1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 0 100 = 10𝑥 1 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10

𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 0 1 = 10𝑥

100 = 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 10𝑥 = 0 or
(e) 1
or 10−1 = 𝑥 10−1 =
10
1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 0 1
=𝑥
10
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = −1
1 = 10𝑥

𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐 𝑎

=𝑐 If 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝒙 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝒚, then
𝑎 𝑏
𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐 𝒙=𝒚
𝑏 or
(f) or
𝑎
𝑎 100 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐 = 0 𝑏𝑐
𝑏
𝑎 𝑎
𝑙𝑜𝑔 =0 1=
𝑏𝑐 𝑏𝑐

Email: [email protected] Page 5 of 6

Mr. H. Nyamasoka +263771691700

Points to note on Question 5:

1. This question requires you to first express the left-hand side as a single logarithm by applying
the Laws of Logarithms. After that you apply the Theory of Logarithms so as to express the
result in Index Form.

2. Remember, if 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝑴 = 𝒂, then 𝒙𝒂 = 𝑴 and vice versa.

𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 = 0
𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 = 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 100 = 2
𝑙𝑜𝑔 1000 = 3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 10000 = 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 100000 = 5
𝑙𝑜𝑔 1000000 = 6
𝑙𝑜𝑔 10000000 = 7

***ONLY in 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝟏𝟎!

NOTE: Logarithms are used for POSITIVE NUMBERS ONLY!

Email: [email protected] Page 6 of 6