Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE
Siocon 2 District

Mathematics 7
Quarter 1 -Week 1: Module 1A

Name: Score:
Year & Section: Date:

TITLE: Introduction to Sets

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
• illustrate well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, the cardinality of sets,
union, and the intersection of two sets and difference of two sets (M7NS-Ia-1).
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. define and illustrate different sets;
2. enumerate the three ways of describing a set ;
3. identify subsets of a given set;
4. define and describe
a. equivalent sets
b. equal sets
c. empty sets
d. universal sets
e. cardinal of sets.
REFERENCES:
BOOKS:
▪ Von Anthony G. Toro, et.al. Smart in Math( Grade 7 ). ISA – JECHO PUBLISHING INC. 2017,
pp. 2 – 9.
▪ Orlando A. Oronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza. e – math 7 ( K to 12 Worktext in Mathematics)
Third Edition 2012. Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI) 2013. pp. 2 – 5.
▪ Gina Guerra and Catherine P. Vistro – Yu, Ed.D. Grade 7 Math Learning Guide. Department
of Education (2013). pp. 1 – 5.
======================================================================================
Lesson 1 INTRODUCTION TO SETS

Set is one of the most fundamental concepts in Mathematics. The set theory
which was developed in the 19th century is now a common part of
Mathematics and can be used as a foundation from which nearly all
Mathematical concepts can be derived.
WHAT’S IN

Activity 1: Identify Me!

a. What comes into your mind when you hear about the following words?
1. library
2. Kpop
3. social media

The above words are examples of a group.

b. Can you think of your examples of a group and its members? The first one has been done for
you. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

Group’s Name Group’s Members

1. Flowers Gumamela, Kalachuci, Rose,
Sampaguita
2.
3.

Great work! You are ready for the next activity.

 WHAT’S NEW

Activity 2: Find Me!

a. Observe closely the pictures below.

b. Copy and fill in the table below by writing the name of the objects in the appropriate column.
c. Answer the given questions.
d. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.

The first one is done for you!

Transportation Animals Fruits

ship
bus
helicopter
airplane
bicycle

WHAT IS IT

What is a Set?
Math concept Description Examples
Characteristic of a • collection or group of objects Well- defined:
set • it is well-defined ➢ A set of Philippine Presidents
➢ A set of dishes
➢ well–defined means that it is ➢ A set of counting numbers
possible to determine whether ➢ A set of odd numbers
an object belongs to a given set Not well-defined:
or not. ➢ The set of all large numbers.
➢ The set of good writers.
➢ The set of nice people in your
class.

How to Write and Name a Set

A set is represented by a Examples:

capital letter.

Elements are usually

A = {a, e, i, o, u } Braces
represented by small
letters, numbers, words,
or representations of the
members of a given set. Commas
Braces
Braces are used to
enclose the elements.
Elements
Set

Commas are used to K = { red, blue, yellow }

separate the elements. R = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }
P = { +, - , ×, ÷ }

Three Ways to Describe a Set

Ways Description Examples
1.The Roster ➢ Listing each element of the A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Notation or set inside the symbol { }. B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
Listing ➢ Each distinct element is C = {5, 10, 15, …}
Method listed once and the order of D = {Oppo, Vivo, Samsung}
 listing the elements does
not matter.
Distinct element
means unique elements
or has no duplicate
elements.
2. The Verbal ➢ A method of describing a 1. Set A is the set of counting
Description set in words. numbers less than 5.
Method 2. Set B is the set of letters in
the word “Philippines”
3. Set C is the set of positive
multiples of 5.
4. Set D is the set of mobile
phones.
3. The Set ➢ A method that lists the 1. A = { x l x is a counting
Builder rules that determine number less than 5 }.
Notation or whether an object is an “read as “the set of all x’s
Rule Method element of the set rather such that x is a counting
than the actual elements. number less than 5”.
The vertical bar ( ) after the
first x is translated as
“such that”.
2. B= {x l x is a letter in the word
“Philippines”}
3. C= {x I x is a positive multiple
of 5}
4. D= {x I x is a mobile phone}

WHAT’S MORE

Activity 3: Describe Me!

a. Copy and fill in the table below with the correct translation of the given description of sets.

The first one is done for you!

Verbal Statement Set Builder Notation Roster Method
Set R is a set whose R= {x I x, x is an even R= {2, 4, 6, 8}
elements are even positive integer less
positive integers less than ten}
than ten
1. W= {x I x, x is a 2.
counting number
between 2 and 15}
3. 4. P= {Cory Aquino,
Gloria Arroyo}

Set V is a set whose 5. 6.

elements are colors
of the rainbow.

➢ KINDS OF SETS
Lesson 2 ➢ NOTATIONS & SYMBOLS
➢ HOW TO SOLVE FOR SUBSETS AND VENN DIAGRAM

WHAT’S NEW

Observe closely the following sets:

1. T = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2. R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...}
Do you know that set T is different from set R? Have you noticed that there are three (3) dots (...)
in set R? The three (3) dots (...) also known as ellipsis, which means that there are still numbers that
follow after 5 such as 6, 7, 8, and so on. To understand more about these kinds of sets, let us proceed to
the next lesson.
 WHAT IS IT

Kinds of Sets
Kinds of Sets Description Examples
1. Finite Sets ➢ Sets with a defined number of 1. A = {a, b, c, d, e }
elements.
Elements are countable.
➢ A defined number of elements
means that it is countable, or
we can count the number of
2. L = {0, 1, 2, 3}
elements.

2. Infinite ➢ Sets with an infinite number of 1. V = {2, 4, 6, 8, …}

elements.
sets
➢ An infinite number of elements
There are more even
means that the number of
numbers that follows after
elements cannot be counted.
8 like 10, 12, 14 and so
➢ The ellipsis (…) is being added
on.
to indicate that there are more
elements of the same kind that
2. H = {x I x > 0}
follows after the last identified
element in the set.
3. Joint Sets ➢ Sets having at least one 1. D = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
and
common element.
E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 9}
The common element of Set D
and E is 9.

3. A = {a, b, c, d,
e} and
4. B = {a, e, i, o,
u}

4.Disjoint ➢ Sets having no common 1. W = {a, b, c, d}

Sets element. and Y = {1, 2, 3, 4}

No Common Element

2. C = {2, 4, 6, 8}
and
3. D = {1, 3, 5, 7 }

The following are notations and symbols used in sets.

Notations and Symbols

Symbols Meaning Example How to Read
∈ Element If A = {5, 10, 15, 20} 5∈A
then
➢ Element means “5 is an element of A”
that it belongs 5 ∈ A, 10 ∈ A, 15 ∈ A,
to a given set or
20 ∈ A.
member of a
set.
∉ Not an element If A = {5, 10, 15, 20} a∉A
then
“a is not
∉ A, and 7 ∉ A.
an element of A”
 n(A) Cardinality of A A = {a, e, i, o, u}, n(A) = 5
“The cardinality
➢ The number of
Set A contains 5 elements. of set A is 5.”
elements in
the set
n(A) = 5.
≈ Equivalent Sets A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, and A≈B
➢ Two sets that ➢ Set A is equivalent
B = {m, a, t, h}
contain the to set B.
➢ Both sets contain
same number
four elements.
of elements.
= Equal Sets C = {a, e, i, o, u} and C=D
➢ Two sets that
D = {e, o, i, u, a}
contain the
➢ Sets C and D ➢ Set C is equal to set
same elements.
contain the same D.
elements.

Notations and Symbols

Symbols Meaning Example How To Read
⊆ Subset 1.{9,14,28} ⊆ {9,14,28} A⊆B
➢ Every 2. If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, …}
A⊆B
element in A and B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }, ➢ A is a subset of
is also an then A ⊆ B. B.
element in
B.
⊈ Not a Subset If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } and A⊈B
➢ Set A does B = { 1, 3, 5, 7 }, then ➢ A is not a
A⊈B not belong A ⊈ B. subset of B.
to Set B.
⊂ Proper Subset A = {a, b, c} and A ⊂B
➢ There is at B = {a, b, c, d},
A⊂B least one ➢ Set A is a
element in ➢ Each element in A is also proper subset
B not an element in B. to set B.
included in ➢ There is at least one
A. element in B not
contained in A and that
element is “d”.
⊄ Not a Proper C = {1, 2, 3 } and D = { 1, C ⊄D
Subset 2, 3}
C⊄D
➢ All elements in D are also ➢ Set C is not
➢ The elements in C. a proper
elements in subset
C are equal to set B.
to the
elements in
D.

Notations and Symbols

Symbols Meaning Example How to Read
∅ or { } Empty set or Null set M={ } Set M is an empty set or
➢ A set with no element null set.
U Universal Set U Universal Set
➢ The set of all possible
elements of any set.

How to Solve for Subsets?

Given M = {x, y }, write the complete list of subsets.
Note that Set M has two (2) elements. In symbol, n (M) = 2.
Zero at a time One at a time Two at a time
{ } {x} {x, y} Every set is a
An empty set is a subset of
subset of all sets. {y} itself.
The complete list of subsets are { }, { x } , { y } and { x, y }. There are four subsets of the given set
M = (x, y }
How to Solve for Subsets?
Given F = {1, 2, 3}, write the complete list of subsets.
Note that Set F has three (3) elements. In symbol, n(F) = 3.
Zero at a time One at a time Two at a time Three at a time
{ } {1} {1, 2} {1, 2, 3} Every set is a
{2} {1, 3} subset of
itself.
{3} {2, 3}
An empty set is a
subset of all sets.

The complete list of subsets are { }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 } , { 2, 3 } and { 1, 2, 3 }. There are eight

subsets for the given set F = { 1, 2, 3 }
How to Solve for Subsets?
The subset of a given set can be solved using the formula 2n, where n
is the number of elements in a given set
Number of Elements Formula Number of
Subsets
3 2n = 23 = 2 ∗ 2 ∗ 2 8
4 2n = 24= 2 ∗ 2 ∗ 2 ∗ 2 16
5 2n = 25= 2 ∗ 2 ∗ 2∗ 2∗ 2 32

Venn Diagram
Meaning Representation Explanation
• These are diagrams • All elements
that make use of in A and B
geometric shapes to are contained
show relationships in the
between sets. universal set.
• It is very useful in
showing the
relationship between
sets.
• Sets A and B
are disjoint
sets.

WHAT’S NEW

Activity 4: Solve Me!

I. State whether the given set is FINITE or INFINITE. The first one is done for you.
{2, 4, 6, 8, … 20} - FINITE
1. {0}
2. {3, 5, 7, … }
3. {x I x is a prime number}
4. Set of fractions between 1 and 2.
5. {x I x is a whole number greater than 100}

II. Supply the appropriate set notation and symbol to make the statement correct. Choose from the given
choices besides the given. The first one is done for you.

5 __ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Answer 5 __∈ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

1. {o, n, e} __ {n, e, o} ∈ = ≈
2. {2, 4} __ {2, 4, 6} ∈ ⊆ =
3. red __ {pink, green, purple} ⊆ = ∉
 4. {a, b, c, d} __ {a, b, c, d} ∉ ⊆ ⊂
5. {1, 2, 3} __ {a, e, i } ∈ = ≈

III. Identify the cardinality of the given set below and list its subsets. The first one is done for you.
M = {1, 2}
Cardinality: n(M ) = 2
Subsets: 2n = 22 = 4
The complete list of subsets: { }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 1, 2 }
1. Y = {a, e, i}
2. G = {x I x is a whole number between 7 and 12 }

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 5: Complete Me!

1. A/An ______ is a well- defined collection of objects.

2. There are three ways in which we can describe a set. These are ______, ______, and______.
3. Two sets that contain the same number of elements are ______.
4. Two sets that contain the same elements are said to be ______.
5. A subset of a given set that is not the set itself is called ______.
6. The set of all possible elements of any set is called ______.
7. Sets with a defined number of elements are called ______.
8. A method that lists the rules that determine whether an object is an element of the set rather
than the actual elements are called ______.
9. A set with no element is ______.
10. A method of describing a set in words is called ______.

Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write your answers on the space provided before
the number.
C
__________ 1. Which of the following is a well – defined set?
A. The set of big people.
B. The set of happy people.
C. The set of prime numbers.
D. The set of intelligent teachers.

__________ 2. Which of the following is a FINITE set?

A. {3, 5, 7, …}
B. {… , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 }
C. Set of prime numbers.
D. Set of fractions between 1 and 12.
B
__________ 3. Which of the following pairs of sets given below are equal?
A. Y = {a, b, c} C. W = {grapes, apples, oranges}
Z = {7, 9, 10} X = {grapes, peaches, apples, oranges}

B. T = {algebra, geometry, trigonometry} D. R is the set of letters in the world bank.

V = {geometry, trigonometry, algebra} S is the set of letters in the word post.

__________ 4. How will you write the given set below in the roster form?
P is the set of vowels used in the word “MONDAY”.
 A. {o, a} C. {m, n, d, y}
B. {o, a, y} D. {m, o, n, d, a, y}

C
__________ 5. What is the cardinality of P = the set of English names for the days in a week?
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

__________ 6. How will you express the given set below in the verbal method?
M = {January, June, July}
A. M is the set of months of the year.
B. M is the set of the first three months of the year.
C. M is the set of months of the year that has a holiday.
D. M is the set of months of the year that starts with letter J.
C
__________ 7. Which of the following pairs of sets given below are NOT equivalent?
A. Y = {a, b, c} C. W = {grapes, apples, oranges}
Z = {7, 9, 10} X = {grapes, peaches, apples, oranges}

B. T = {algebra, geometry, trigonometry} D. R is the set of letters in the word bank.

V = {geometry, trigonometry, algebra} S is the set of letters in the word post.

__________ 8. If F = {1,3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 }, then which of the following is a subset of F?

A. {0} C. {2, 3, 4, 5}
B. {2, 4} D. {1, 9, 5, 13}
A
__________ 9. Which of the following statements below is CORRECT?
A. Quadrilateral ⊆ Polygon
B. Even Numbers ⊆ Odd Numbers
C. Whole Numbers ⊆ Natural Numbers
D. Natural Numbers ⊈ Whole Numbers

__________ 10. What does the given statement below mean?

K={}
A. Set K has one element.
B. Set K has infinite elements
C. The cardinality of set K is zero.
D. Set K contains all the elements under consideration.
B
__________ 11. What is the cardinality of A = { 5, 6, 3, 2, 3 }?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 s

__________ 12. If P = {p I p is a prime number less than 10 }, then what are the possible elements of P?
A. {2, 3, 5, 7} C. {2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B. {1, 2, 3, 5, 7} D. {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A
__________ 13. If M represents the set of even numbers, then which of the following is CORRECT?
A. { } ⊆ M C. { 1, 3 } ⊆ M
B. 200 ∉ M D. {2, 4, 5 } ⊂ M

__________ 14. What is an example of disjoint sets?

A. E = {even numbers} and F = {odd numbers}
B. G = {multiples of five} and H = {multiples of ten}
C. C = {even numbers} and D = {multiples of nine}
D. A = {multiples of two} and B = {multiples of three}
D
__________ 15. How many subsets does the set containing 10 elements have?
A. 128 C. 512
B. 256 D. 1,024
 ANSWER KEY
(MOD 1A-week 1)

Assessment
1. C. 11. B.
2. D 12. A
3. B. 13. A.
4. A 14. A.
5. C. 15. D.
6. D.
7. C.
8. D
9. A
10. C.
Did you understand the topic “Notations and Symbols in Sets”? If not, go back to this topic and
read it again because you will need it in the next topic. If yes, then it’s time to move to our next
topic which is “How to Solve for Subsets and Venn Diagram”.