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EEE 4126F 2023 Tut Instruction Sheet 4

This document contains 5 questions regarding power system stability analysis. Question 1 involves determining steady-state and transient parameters for a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus through two transmission lines, including during and after a three-phase fault on one of the lines. Question 2 asks to determine the maximum increase in input shaft power without losing stability for a generator operating at a given power angle. Question 3 extends Question 1 to include generator damping and determines synchronizing torques and oscillation properties after removing one transmission line and a disturbance. Question 4 analyzes generator parameters and stability for a fault that increases network reactance between the generator and infinite bus. Question 5 analyzes generator parameters, power flow, and stability for a fault on one transmission line and

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48 views3 pages

EEE 4126F 2023 Tut Instruction Sheet 4

This document contains 5 questions regarding power system stability analysis. Question 1 involves determining steady-state and transient parameters for a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus through two transmission lines, including during and after a three-phase fault on one of the lines. Question 2 asks to determine the maximum increase in input shaft power without losing stability for a generator operating at a given power angle. Question 3 extends Question 1 to include generator damping and determines synchronizing torques and oscillation properties after removing one transmission line and a disturbance. Question 4 analyzes generator parameters and stability for a fault that increases network reactance between the generator and infinite bus. Question 5 analyzes generator parameters, power flow, and stability for a fault on one transmission line and

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Masala Nethamba
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© © All Rights Reserved
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The University of Cape Town

Department of Electrical Engineering


EEE 4126F: Energy Systems and Grids II
Tutorial 4: Power system stability
Question 1
A 60-Hz four-pole synchronous generator has an inertia constant H = 7.1 sec and a transient
reactance X’d = 0.15 p.u. The generator is connected to an infinite bus through a step-up
transformer and a two parallel transmission lines as shown in Fig. 1. The reactance of the
transformer is Xt = 0.1 p.u., and the reactance of each of the transmission lines is XL1=XL2= 0.6
p.u. The generator is delivering a real power of 0.8 p.u to the infinite bus when the magnitudes
of both the terminal voltage Vt and the infinite bus V are 1.0 p.u. A three-phase fault occurs at a
point F on one of the transmission lines at a distance 30% of the line length away from the send-
end terminal of the line. The fault was cleared by removing the faulted line. Assume that the
mechanical power Pm is constant. Determine:

a) The synchronous generator’s terminal voltage angle t (in deg) and the current that is
flowing in the system.
b) The magnitude of the internal voltage E’ and the power angle 0 at steady-state.
c) The maximum power that can be transferred at steady state, during the fault and after the
fault was cleared. Assume that E’ and V are constant.
d) Based on the equal area criterion, write the equations that should be used to calculate the
critical clearing time cr. Replace each term in the integrals and the integrals’ limits by
appropriate values. No calculation of cr is required.
e) Draw the power curves before, during and after the fault. Also show the accelerating and
decelerating areas.

Question 2
A 50 Hz synchronous generator, capable of developing 500MW of power, operates at a power
angle of 7 deg. By how much can the input shaft power be increased suddenly without loss of
stability?
Question 3
Consider the system described in Question 1 with a per-unit damping coefficient KD = 10.0 p.u.
The generator internal voltage is now set to E’ = 1.2 p.u. and the magnitude of the infinite bus
voltage is V=1.0 p.u. The generator is initially delivering a real power of 0.8 p.u. to the infinite
bus when a three-phase fault occurs in one the transmission lines as described in Question 1.
The fault is cleared by removing the faulted line
a) Find the synchronizing torques coefficient at steady-state and after one line was removed.

b) When the system was operating with only one transmission line, a small disturbance occurs
in the system. Determine the damping ratio of the system and the undamped natural
frequency of oscillations.

Question 4
A 60 Hertz synchronous generator having an inertia constant H = 5.0 sec, is supplying 60% of
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 to an infinite bus through a reactive network. A fault occurs which increases the reactance
of the network between the generator internal voltage and the infinite bus by 400%. Assume
that the magnitudes of the internal voltage and the infinite bus voltage are held constant during
the fault.
When the fault is cleared, the maximum power that can be delivered to the infinite bus is 80% of
the original maximum value (before the fault).
a) Find the pre-fault initial angle 𝛿0.
b) Write the power angle equation during the fault in terms of 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 (i.e., the maximum power
before the fault),
c) Find the steady-state angle 𝛿1 after the fault was cleared and determine the critical clearing
time,
d) Find the synchronizing torque coefficient after the fault was cleared.

Question 5

(a) A 50Hz synchronous generator has a transient reactance X’d = 0.3 pu and an inertia constant
H = 5.0 sec. The generator is connected to an infinite bus through a transformer and two
transmission lines, as shown in Fig. 2. The magnitude of the infinite bus voltage is set to
V=1.0∠0° p.u. The machine is delivering a real power of 0.8 p.u. and reactive power 0.074 p.u to
the infinite-bus when a threephase fault occurs at the middle of line XL2 at point P as shown in
Fig. 1. Assume that XL1=XL2 = 0.3 p.u and Xt = 0.2 p.u.

Determine the internal voltage of the generator E’.

Write the power angle equations before and during the fault.
The fault was cleared by removing line XL2. Find the maximum power after the fault was cleared
and determine the critical clearing angle for the system to remain stable. Use a graph to identify
the acceleration and deceleration areas.

b) Assume that after the fault was cleared by removing line XL2 and the system stabilizes at a
new steady-state operating condition, a small disturbance occurs in the system. Find the
synchronizing torque coefficient Ks, and the eigenvalues of the system if the damping coefficient
is Kd = -1 p.u. iIndicate whether the system is stable.

Fig. 2

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