APA Quick-Reference Sheet (UPDATED AUGUST 25, 2020 7TH Ed.
Formats from: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ http://libguides.gwumc.edu/c.php?g=27779&p=170348 and APA
(A1) APA STYLE : IN-TEXT CITATIONS
(must have AUTHOR AND YEAR)
Note: APA references in past tense. E.g. Smith and Banker (2008) found (NOT FIND) that…
SHORT QUOTES:
According to Jones (2003), “the political climate has been a critical factor in determining social
deviance” (p. 59).
OR
“The political climate has been a critical factor in determining social deviance” (Jones, 2003, p. 59).
LONG QUOTES:
Jones (2003) stated the following:
The political climate has been a critical factor
in determining social deviance. History has
provided several examples of the fact that
social conformism is directly related to the sta-
bility of a country’s government. (p. 59)
SUMMARY OR PARAPHRASE (citing pages is optional here)
According to Jones (2003), the political atmosphere in a society influences its social misbehavior.
OR
The state of politics and the state of a society are linked together.
(Jones, 2003).
RESEARCH BY 2 AUTHORS:
Smith and Barker (2006) showed….
Or
It was shown that…. (Smith and Barker, 2006).
RESEARCH BY 3 AUTHORS OR MORE
Cite the name of the first author only and put et al. with the year
…. (Kerns, Cornel, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993) should be:
… (Kerns, et al., 1993) every time
Note: Add as many other authors as necessary to distinguish it from another source that is also
Kerns, et al. (see Owl Purdue, APA Manual, 7th ed.)
CITATION OF A WORK DISCUSSED IN A SECONDARY SOURCE:
THAT IS, IF YOU WANT TO CITE A SOURCE (that you don’t have) THAT IS CITED IN ANOTHER SOURCE (that you
do have)…
Example:
Seidenberg and McClelland’s study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993) showed
that…
(In this case, you would be reading about Seidenberg’s study in the Coltheart source that you have)
WEBSITES
In-Text:
WEBSITE SUMMARY / PARAPHRASE:
Eg. Kenneth (2000) stated that…
Or First few words of title
NO AUTHOR, NO DATE … (“Tutoring and APA,” n.d.)
WEBSITE QUOTE:
Material to be cited has: Example:
Page numbers (Smith, 2009, p. 3)
Numbered Paragraphs (Smith, 2009, Para. 8) *
Section headings (subtitles) (Smith, 2009, Conclusion section, ¶ 3)
NONE OF THE ABOVE (Smith, 2009)
Cite the heading and the number of the paragraph
following it. (Insert the para. symbol (under
“Home” tab in MS Word)
* Note: you can only use para. if the article’s paragraphs are actually numbered in the site.
Example
Name of person posting the video
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Norton, 2006)
Year of upload to Youtube
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Norton, 2006)
E-MAIL OR OTHER PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
-reference only in-text; don’t put in bibliography
Eg. (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
(A2) REFERENCE PAGE CITATIONS
Cite up to 20 authors. If a source has more than 20 authors, cite the
first 19 and then put …
A BOOK is cited like this:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Publication Year). Title of work: Subtitle of work.
Location: Publisher.
For example
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to writing research papers.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
A WEBSITE is cited like this:
Web Page, or Report
List as much of the following information as possible (you sometimes have to hunt around to find the
information; don't be lazy. If there is a page like http://www.somesite.com/somepage.htm, and somepage.htm
doesn't have the information you're looking for, move up the URL to http://www.somesite.com/):
Basic structure,
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication or update). Title of
document. Retrieved from http://Web address.
*Note that (n.d.) is used for “no date”.
Or if there’s no author,
Article title. (Date of publication or update). Retrieved
from http://Web address.
Note that the article title is in lower case, except for the first letter. Acronyms remain
capitalized e.g. WWW WHO OECS
Or for a chapter or section of an internet document,
Main Article Title. (Date of publication or update) In Section Title. Retrieved
from http://Web address
Note: this URL should link directly to the section.
Or for a chapter or section that is authored by an organization,
Benton Foundation. (1998, July 7). Barriers to closing the gap. In Losing
ground bit by bit: Low-income communities in the information age (chap. 2).
Retrieved August 18, 2001, from http://www,bebtib,irg/Library/Low-Income/two.html
NOTE: When an Internet document is more than one Web page, provide a URL that links to the home page or
entry page for the document. Also, if there isn't a date available for the document use (n.d.) for no date.
(A) If an article on the web is written by an organization, and if that article has no specified
author, then use the organization’s name as the author. It comes first. The title of the article
comes after the date.
Benton Foundation. (1998, July 7). Barriers to closing the gap. In Losing
ground bit by bit: Low-income communities in the information age (chap. 2).
Retrieved from http://www,bebtib,irg/Library/Low-Income/two.html
Note: you use the date format above for any kind of report. Otherwise, use the year only. (See definition of
“report” from www.dictionary.com below.
A JOURNAL ARTICLE is cited like this:
Article in Journal Paginated by Volume
Journals that are paginated by volume begin with page one in issue one, and continue numbering issue two
where issue one ended, etc.
Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.
Article in Journal Paginated by Issue (each issue starts with page 1)
Journals paginated by issue begin with page one every issue; therefore, the issue number gets indicated in
parentheses after the volume. The parentheses and issue number are not italicized or underlined.
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(30), 5-13.
REFERENCE BOOK
VandenBos, g. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
Online reference work
Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia
of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.) Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/
entries/behaviorism/
CHAPTER IN A BOOK OR ENTRY IN A REFERENCE BOOK
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.),
Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRY
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopaedia
Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501 – 508). Chicago: Encyclopaedia
Britannica.
Online Encyclopedia—see Online Reference Work (above)
Note: If an entry has no byline (a line telling who the article is by), place the title in the author position.
In the above entry, the italicized Britannica is capitalized because it is a proper noun. Otherwise, letters are common (except
the first letter of the title or subtitle).
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Chamberlin,, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008), May). Enhancing
worker well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their
research on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
Online Magazine Article
Clay, r. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the
misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org/monitor/
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The
Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
Online Newspaper Article
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New
York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
EDITORIAL WITHOUT SIGNATURE
Editorial: “What is a disaster” and why does it matter? [Editorial]. (2006).
Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 14, 1-2.
REFERENCE PAGE CITATION OF A WORK DISCUSSED IN A SECONDARY SOURCE:
(see the in-text example above; you only reference the source you have, not the one you don’t have)
Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of
reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing
approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608.
ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE FROM A DATABASE
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L.
(1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor
performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved
October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.
(a) If an article is written by an organization, but an individual is credited as the author of that
article, use the writer’s name as the author. It comes first. Don’t put the organization’s name
anywhere, except if it appears in the URL.
(b) There is a full-stop at the end of all entries, except websites ending with URL’s.
(c) When a work’s author is designated as “Anonymous,” cite in-text the word Anonymous.
e.g. (Anonymous, 1998)
In the reference list, an anonymous work is alphabetized by the word Anonymous.
(d) If an organization or group is the author, and its abbreviation is readily identified,
Entry in reference list:
National Institute of Mental Health. (1999). …
First in- text citation:
(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999)
Subsequent in- text citations:
(NIMH, 1999)
, ,,But when the group is not readily identified by its abbreviation, the name of the group author should be
written out in full:
Entry in reference list:
University of Pittsburgh. (1993). …
All text citations:
(University of Pittsburgh, 1993)
APA Manual (Youtube Video (p. 215)) http://libguides.gwumc.edu/c.php?g=27779&p=170348
Video’s title
Date of video upload to Youtube
Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light
switch [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs
Name of person who posted the video
You always have to write this part [Video file]
