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LABORATORY MANUAL
ELECTRICAL SCIENCE LABORATORY
Electrical Engineering Department
DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
(Formerly Delhi College of Engineering)
Govt. of NCT of Delhi
Shahbad Daultapur, Bawana Road, Delhi-110042
Web: www.dce.edua ENTS
NERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS
tudents should come prepared lor the experin,
yout the theoretic
1. While coming to laboratory,
allotted to them and should have
concerned experiment
aspects af th
clear idea a
2, Students are suggested to draw connection diagram 0” ‘ rough notebook by
starting the experiment, They are supposed to make connections the
according to the diagram and they should get the circuit checked by the
teacher/technical staff concerned before performing the experiment,
should get the readings verified by
3. During performing the experiments students
the teacher, so as to make a check on the readings.
4, A laboratory should be maintained and should be brought in the laboratory on
each tum along with a rough notebook.
5. On completion of the experiments, the laboratory should be completed ané
submitted to the teacher on the next turn. If it is felt that the student has not
performed the experiment satisfactorily, he/she will be asked to repeat the
experiment in allotted time.
6. Students are warned to handle the instruments and machines very carefully and
they will be fully responsible for loss or damage of the apparatus, instruments
issued to them. No negligence will be tolerated regarding the mishandling the
equipments.
7. Due credit in evaluation will be given to those students, who came fully prepared
for the experiments allotted to them, who have done connections themselves
independently and neatly and submit the lab report well in time.
8. At the last but not the least, students should maintain discipline in the laboratory
and should do the experiments peacefully.GENERAL PRECAUTION:
Draw the citcuit-diagram neatly with all specifications/ratings.
Do not power ON the supply first.
Connect the cireuit with specified / rated circuit elements (voltmeter, ammeter,
wattmeter, load ete),
Check the connected circuit and then switch ON the power supply.
dually.
Increase auto-transformer (variate) from zero to rated value 4
Keep the instruments hatizontal.on the table and take readings.
Decrease the auto-transformer (variae) gradually to zero,
Switch OFF the power supply.
Remove wires from the instruments.
Keep the instruments and wires at specified place.
Use Scientific Calculator for calculations.AIM: To Verify Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
APPARATUS: Variac for a.c. supply, 230/0-270V,SAstwo rheostats 100.2, 5 A; two
voltmeter 0-300 V; one M.1. ammeter 0-10 A.
THEORY:
For d.c. network the maximum power transfer theorem is stated as follows.
Ina dic. network the power transferred from the source to resistive load is maximum j
1 resistance of the network as see,
the load resistance equals the Thevenin's equivalent
from the load terminals.
For a.c. network the maximum power transfer theorem is stated as follows.
The power transferred from source to load is the maximum if load impedance is
complex conjugate of the Thevenin equivalent impedance of the network as seen from
load terminals.
Fig. Circuit for verification of maximum power transfer theorem.OBSERVATION TABLE
Observations | Calculations: ]
[vs Th | My | RuWh | Pvt,
CALCULATIONS
The values of Rs and Ry can be caleulated by using the following equations.
Rs=Vs/ Ie
R= Vi/ I
The power consumed by the load ice., power delivered by the network shown by dotted
lines to the load is given by
P= VilY/no, Wal1/,,.-., the angle 0 is negative. It means that the current la
oC ga f
the voltage. So, the circuit behaves as an inductive circuit. This condition can t
achieved by increasing L, w or C.
In case (b), when @L <1/,.¢ , the angle @ is positive. It means that the curre
eads the voltage. So, the circuit behaves as a capacitive circuit. This condition c:
be achieved by decreasing L, w or C.
Case (¢) is a special case, when oL =1/,.¢ , the angle @ becomes zero. The circt
then behaves as a purely resistive circuit. The current through the circuit becomes
phase with the source voltage. This condition is known as the resonance.
PHASOR DIAGRAM
Fig. 3 shows the phasor diagrams for the series R-L-C circuit for three differe
cases. Since it is a series circuit, current should be taken as reference phasor. In t!
18across the
Figure, ab represents the current phasor 1, We know that the volta
along ab
res
stor isin
voltage
Phase with the current through it, Let a epresents the
SS the resistor R. Starting from the point c, 4 phasor ed is drawn to
Mt the voltage actos inductor (1.X1). Obviously ed leads ab by 90°, Phasor
ce is draw 0 A ‘i
drawn at 90° |, eging ab, It represents the voltage drop across the capacitor
repre;
(Xo). The ditecti
Ctions of ed and ce happen to be opposite. The resultant of cd and ce
sor cf is positive in case (a), negative in case (b) and
phasor af represents the resultant voltage across the source
Fig. 3 Phasor Diagrams
Table 1: Observations for series R-L-C circuit,
SNe. Vv. I Vr Vi Ve
2.
Table 2: Calculations for series R-L-C circuit.
S.No. Vr ave Vel Vv 0 |cos@
Rav |x =p [Xe aT] Z=5
1.
2.
19AIM: To contol one
case wiring,
APPARATUS: Screw driver (1
(6), hand saw (1
Yand line tester,
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
lamp fiom two different plac
MENT No. 7a
using, 2-way sveitehes as in stay
plier(8"), Wire cutter & stripper. electrician knis
Ma
1] PVC insulatec oi
2] 2-way switch |240V, 6A _|
3___| Bulb “hold Batten type
4 | Round block PVC
5__| Casing-capping PVC 0.75"
6 | Wooden serew r
7___| Wooden screw we
8 | Gang box I-way PVC
9 | Bulb TOOW, 240V
10 | Insulation tape PVC
Route Diagram Wiring Diagram
L L
é
ay ==
Ss Se PS Se
}-osn—} "<1
ll ESTIMATING AND COSTING:
20S.No Materiay
Specification |
1
|
5 —__|
1 | PVC insulated
c =
5 [oe el eee
3
3 +
5__| Casing-ca inj 7
5 | Wooden screw wv C078
7_| Wooden screw [yg
8__| Ganj laway PVC “
9 100w, 2400
[10 | VC
Labour cost
Total
EXPERIMENT No. 7b
AIM: To control one lay
mp from two different Places using 1-
switch wiring,
APPARATUS: Screw driver (12°), plicr(8"), Wire cutter & stripper, clectrician’s
knife (6”), hand saw (12") and line tester,
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
S.No. Material Specification
1__| PVC insulated copper wire 3/20 SWG
2 [away switch 240V, 6A
3 | Bulb holder Batten type
4 | Round block Pvc
5__ | Casing-capping PVC 0.75)
6 Wooden screw i
7__ | Wooden screw A!
8 |Gang box i-way PVG
9 | Bulb 100W, 240V
10 | Insulation tape PVC
21Route Diagram Wiring Diagram
7
Sines Se
ESTIMATING AND COSTING:
‘S.No Material Specification & ype | Qty | Rate [Cost
1_|PVC insulated copper wire _| 3/20 SWG
2_|1-way switch 240V, GA
3_| Bulb holder Batten type.
4_| Round block PVC
5_| Casing-capping PVC 0.75”
6 _| Wooden screw 22
7__| Wooden screw we
8__| Gang box T-way PVC
9 | Bulb 100W, 240V.
10 [Insulation tape PVC
Labour cost
Total
2