Report On
Role of Botanical Garden in Conservation of plant
Prepared By: -
Nishant lekhi
Class-11
Section- ‘C’
Roll No.: -345
Submitted to: -
Biology Department
Date of Submission: -November 30th
LETTER OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that Mr.Nishant lekhy, student of Grade 11 (C), 2023
has successfully completed the report on the title “BOTANICAL
GARDEN IN CONSERVATION” and forwarded to the examination.
Mr. Brajesh Shrestha
Subject coordinator Supervisor
Department of Biology Department of Biology
Date:2023-11-30 Date: 2023-11-30
ABSTRACT
“Planting for the future will create a future for our planet.”
A botanical garden is an area set aside and maintained by an
organization for growing and studying various groups of plants for
aesthetic, conservation, economic, educational, recreational and
scientific purposes. It is estimated that one third of all plant species are
threatened with extinction and yet plants continue to be
underrepresented in conservation debates and policies. In this era,
Humans are being developed or being raised without humanity. People
are burning houses to make money by selling ashes. In such a crucial
condition, the botanical garden has been an important aspect for the
survival of humans on this planet.
There are 11 botanical gardens in different ecological regions of Nepal
under the Department of Plant Resources (DPR) which has been
leading an effective role in the natural balancing process. After
studying for this report, I found that Botanical gardens devote their
resources to the study and conservation of plants, as well as making the
world's plant species diversity known to the public. These gardens also
play a central role in meeting human needs and providing well-being.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this report required a lot of support,
guidance and assistance from a large number of platforms either
virtually or physically. I have to thank my colleagues and institution:
St. Xavier’s college, Maitighar, which provided me a grateful platform
and encouraged me to prepare a research report related to such an
important subject i.e., Botanical Garden in Conservation. Through this
report I get to know about the importance of botanical gardens in the
preservation and promotion of nature. I also learned about the present
condition of some plants which are in the process of extinction. I knew
the scientific name of some plants. I also became familiar with new
plants which I’ve never seen in my life yet.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
● History of Botanical Garden in World
● History of Botanical Garden in Nepal
● Criteria Necessary for Botanical Garden
● List of Botanical Garden in Nepal
● Objectives of Botanical Garden
● Limitation of study
● Rationale of the project
2. Materials and Methods
● Areas of study
● Materials used in study
● Source of data
● Method of study
● Study Design
3. Result and Findings
● Conservation of different types of plants
● Description of Some Important Plants
4. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
A botanical garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation,
preservation and display of an especially wide range of plants, which
are typically labeled with their botanical names.
HISTORY OF BOTANICAL GARDEN IN WORLD
The history of botanical gardens is closely linked to the history
of botany itself. The botanical gardens of the 16th and 17th centuries
were medicinal gardens, but the idea of a botanical garden changed to
encompass displays of the beautiful, strange, new and sometimes
economically important plant trophies being returned from the European
colonies and other distant lands. Later, in the 18th century, they became
more educational in function, demonstrating the latest plant
classification systems devised by botanists working in the associated
herbaria as they tried to order these new treasures. Then, in the 19th and
20th centuries, the trend was towards a combination of specialist and
eclectic collections demonstrating many aspects of both horticulture and
botany. Hence this led to the development of botanical gardens around
the world.
HISTORY OF BOTANICAL GARDEN IN NEPAL
The National Botanical Garden (NBG) was inaugurated by King
Mahendra in 1962 AD (2019 BS). The landscape of this exquisite
botanical garden was designed by two British architects, Geoffrey
Herklots and Tony Schilling. It is well-known as a center of plant
conservation, education, research, display and recreation. It covers an
area of 82 hectares with varying topography, 40 hectares of which have
been transformed into various thematic garden units. It is surrounded by
a natural evergreen forest. A natural stream, Godavari, runs through the
middle of the garden, adding to its beauty.
This is the oldest and largest botanical garden of the nation. It is also an
internationally recognized botanical garden and a member of Botanic
Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) since 2015 AD. It has a
natural plant landscape having 30 different thematic gardens. Over 1000
plant species, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes and
bryophytes, are conserved in this botanical garden. This garden has also
conserved about 150 species of medicinal plants, 50 species of cactus
and succulent plants, 35 species of climbers and 60 species of orchids.
CRITERIA NECESSARY FOR BOTANICAL
GARDEN
The criteria necessary for Botanical Garden are: -
● adequate labeling of the plants ·
● an underlying scientific basis for the collections ·
● communication of information to other gardens, institutions,
organizations and the public ·
● exchange of seeds or other materials with other botanic gardens,
arboreta or research
● stations (within the guidelines of international conventions and
national laws and customs regulations) ·
● long term commitment to, and responsibility for, the maintenance
of plant collections
● maintenance of research programs in plant taxonomy in associated
herbaria ·
● monitoring of the plants in the collection ·
● open to the public ·
● promoting conservation through extension and environmental
education activities ·
● proper documentation of the collections, including wild origin ·
● undertaking scientific or technical research on plants in the
collections
(Adapted from IUCN-BGCS and WWF 1989, p5
LIST OF BOTANICAL GARDEN IN NEPAL
● National Botanical Garden, Godawari, Lalitpur (1515m)
● Maipokhari Botanical Garden, Ilam (2121 m
● Dhanushadham Botanical Garden, Dhanusha (107m)
● Brindaban Botanical Garden, Makawanpur (405 m)
● Mountain Botanical Garden, Daman, Makwanpur (2320 m)
● Tistung Botanical Garden, Tistung, Makwanpur (1900 m)
OBJECTIVES OF BOTANICAL GARDEN
● To know the role of botanical gardens in the environment.
● To know the methods of botanical garden management
● To know about different species of plants along with their
morphology
● To have a critical view of plants for deep study.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
● Limited time for proper and overall analysis.
● Lack of experimental and analyzing resources.
RATIONALE OF PROJECT
● The following are the rationale of the project:
● To have our research analysis
● To know about different species of plants and their morphology.
● To group similar and dissimilar species.
● To have different ideas about conserving plants.
● To know about comparative study of flora.
● To know the population density of different types of flora
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Areas of study:
Location: Godawari botanical garden
Altitude:2765 m
Area: 82 hectare of varying topography(1500-2000m)
Road map:
Material used in the story: quadrants, camera, notebook.
Source of data:
Primary: own observation, teacher’s guide
Secondary: internet, notes and sample report.
METHOD OF STUDY:
● Field visit
● Direct observation
● Visit information Centre of the garden to fulfill objectives
● Questionnaire with garden staff
● Take photographs regarding the role of garden
● Also get secondary data through the internet, journal.
Study design: Half Day
RESULT AND FINDING
We visited the National Botanical Garden of Godavari where different
types of plants were conserved. There were different plants like
Medicinal plant, Exotic plant, Ornamental plant, Xerophytic plant and
many more were conserved. Also there was a pond in which the pond
ecosystem was maintained.
We have found that Botanical Garden conserve different plant by
following ways: -
i. Medicinal plants
⮚ It has provided suitable conditions like temperature and adequate
amount of water to the plant.
⮚ It plays an important role in germination of seed and thus
continuation of generation.
⮚ It preserves different rare and threatened species of medicinal
plants
ii. Exotic plant
⮚ Botanical gardens contain all those rare plants that are not found in
any other parts of our country.
⮚ It has provided proper topographical maintenance for survival of
those plants.
⮚ Botanical garden provides all those extra nutrients for their
production and continuation.
iii. Ornamental plants
⮚ Botanical garden provides an appropriate arrangement of the
ornamental plants in order to see it as the decorative one.
⮚ Botanical gardens help in production of different types and
different species of botanical plants with different changes like
genetic one and so on.
⮚ Time and again supervision is done to these plants
.
iv. Xerophytic plants
⮚ Botanical garden provides suitable conditions like soil types,
amount of water required for xerophytic plants.
⮚ Temperature maintenance is also done for the growth of such
xerophytic plants.
v. Tropical plants
⮚ Fertile soil suitable for tropical plants is provided for its growth
and germination.
⮚ Different organic fertilizers are also used for its growth and
development.
vi. Maintain aquatic life
⮚ Botanical garden makes the water resource suitable for the survival
of aquatic life.
⮚ It connects different water resources to the botanical garden.
⮚ Cleanliness of ponds and water resources is done time and again.
DESCRIPTION ON SOME IMPORTANT PLANT
‘Botanic gardens are institutions holding documented collections of
living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation,
display and education.
(Wyse Jackson 1999, p27)
Botanical garden has been preserving various species of flora which has
been playing great role in the perseverance of our ecosystem too.
The followings are some plants species which we found during our
observation in the national botanical garden: -
● Quercus glauca
Quercus glauca is a small to medium-sized evergreen
broadleaf tree growing to 15–20 m tall. The leaves are a
distinct deep purple-crimson on new growth, soon
turning glossy green above, glaucous blue-green below
, 60–13 mm long and 20–50 mm broad, with serrated
margin.
● Rosemary
Rosemary is an aromatic evergreen shrub with leaves similar to hemlock
needles. It is native to the Mediterranean and
Asia, but is reasonably hardy in cool climates.
Special cultivars like 'Arp' can withstand winter
temperatures down to about −20 °C.
● lichen
Lichens are a complex life form that is a
symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a
fungus and an alga. The dominant partner is the
fungus, which gives the lichen the majority of its
characteristics, from its thallus shape to its
fruiting bodies.
● Juniperus indica
Juniperus indica is a fast-growing coniferous
evergreen tree much used in horticulture, primarily
for hedges and screens. Even on sites of relatively
poor culture, plants have been known to grow to
heights of 5 meters in 8 years. The tree is a hybrid,
almost always sterile.
● Narcissus tazetta
Narcissus tazetta is amongst the tallest of the narcissi, and
can grow to a height of up to 80 centimeters (31 in), with
thin, flat leaves up to 40 centimeters (16 in) long and 15
millimeters (0.59 in) wide. Umbels have as many as 8
flowers, white with a yellow corona
CONCLUSION
The Botanical Garden is the most important aspect of the environment
in the present context. As of now, the quality of the environment is
degrading day by day. In my point of view, the one and only but best
way of preserving nature is the establishment of a botanical garden.
Botanical garden not only helps in conservation but also helps in other
various areas such as, employment, research, tourism and many more.
Therefore, we can say that it is a multidisciplinary area. Even though it
is more expensive than other gardens, it has vital benefits which can
easily overcome that disadvantage. There must be application of
effective and efficient plan formulation regarding botanical gardens
from the governmental level. It must be moved forward with
collaborative effort of peoples, governments, NGOs, INGOs, and all for
the conservation of our home planet.
