REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN
PHILIPPINES
Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
College of Nursing
OSTEOMYELITIS
Ramirez. C. J.
Presented by
Rapada, V. F.
INTRODUCTION
Also called Myeloid Tissue Infection is an infection of the bone. It may occur
by extension of soft tissue infections, direct bone contamination (eg, bone
surgery, gunshot wound), or hematogenous (bloodborne) spread from other
foci of infection.
Possible complications include septic arthritis, subperiosteal abscess,
pyomyositis, deep vein thrombosis, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. Smokers
and people with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes or kidney
failure, are more at risk of developing osteomyelitis. People who have
diabetes may develop osteomyelitis in their feet if they have foot ulcers.
OVERVIEW
ETIOLOGY
Most common causative agent:
Staphylococcus aureus
Other infecting organisms
Can be spread through
Hematogenous Contiguous
Classification according to
duration
Acute – less than 2 weeks
Chronic – more than 3 months
PREDISPOSING
FACTORS
• Long term skin infection
• Poor blood circulation
• Recent trauma or surgery
• Immunocompromised patients
• Illicit IV drug use
• Systemic conditions
ACUTE CHRONIC
• FEVER • INTERMITTENT
• Fatigue BONE PAIN
• Weight loss • Tenderness
• Redness/Warmt • Draining sinuses
h/Swelling
• Tenderness
• Erythema
• Draining sinus tract
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Fever Swelling Pain Fatigue Lethargy
Limited ROM Irritability Drainage Chills/Sweating
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Occlusion of local
Risk Factors/Etiology Infection
blood vessel
Formation of Continuous growth of
Subcutaneous abscess Inflammation
bacteria
Formation of
Tissue necrosis
sequestrum
Osteomyelitis
DIAGNOSTICS
LABORATORY
Blood Tests
• Complete Blood Count
• Blood Cultures
• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
• C-Reactive Protein
DIAGNOSTICS
LABORATORY
Imaging Tests
• X-Ray
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Computerized Tomography Scan
• Radionuclide Bone Scan
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing the
osteomyelitis of the tibia
DIAGNOSTICS
LABORATORY
Bone
Biopsy/Needle
Aspiration
MEDICAL
Antibiotics Antifungal NSAIDs
SURGICAL
Antibiotic Beads
• Antibiotic bead treatment
addresses osteomyelitis (or bone
infection) more directly.
• These beads, implanted inside
the bone, release their medicine
in a targeted placement,
providing more immediate relief
from painful osteomyelitis
symptoms.
SURGICAL
Surgical Debridement
• Doctors may recommend a
procedure called debridement to
remove dead or damaged bone
tissue in people with osteomyelitis.
• During this procedure, the doctor
cuts away dead or damaged bone
tissue and washes the wound to
remove any dead or loose tissue.
SURGICAL
Sequestrectomy
• removal of enough involucrum to
enable the surgeon to remove the
sequestrum.
SURGICAL
Bone Grafting
• A valuable reconstructive technique for
the treatment of osteomyelitis with
skeletal defects greater than 6 cm in
length.
• Fibular osteocutaneous, composite rib,
and iliac osteocutaneous flaps are the
most commonly used vascularized bone
grafts clinically.
SURGICAL
Amputation
• Chronic infection with pervasive
wound or bone damage that is
unable to be salvaged.
• Amputation at the level that will
eradicate infected tissue to healing
tissue with capacity to heal.
Transmetatarsal amputation due to the
Osteomyelitis
NURSING
• Promote bed rest
• Promote active range of motion exercises as well as
participation in planning activities that progressively
establish the patient's endurance.
• Administer antibiotics as ordered.
• Administer pain medications as ordered.
• Apply cold and hot packs on the affected area.
• Educate the patient about medication compliance.
• Provide techniques to improve self-care.
REFERENCES
Cedars (n.d.). Osteomyelitis. https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/o/osteomyelitis.html
Momodu, I. I. (2023). Osteomyelitis (Nursing). StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568766/
Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.). Osteomyelitis. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9495-osteomyelitis
Surgery for osteomyelitis. (n.d.). NYU Langone Health. https://nyulangone.org/conditions/osteomyelitis/treatments/surgery-for-osteomyelitis
Tu, Y. K., & Yen, C. Y. (2007). Role of vascularized bone grafts in lower extremity osteomyelitis. The Orthopedic clinics of North America, 38(1), 37–
vi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2006.10.005
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Case-1-was-a-34-year-old-female-The-patient-had-osteomyelitis-of-her-carpal-bone-and-
a_fig1_346609891
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/osteomyelitis
