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EAPP- SHS
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government
of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
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nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad Assistant

Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: DAVID B. SARMIENTO

Editors: GINA B. PANTINO

SONIA V. PRENSADER
LORAINE T. CHIONG
JOSALIE T. TONIO

Reviewers: GINA B. PANTINO and

Masbate City Division headed by JEANETTE ROMBLON

Illustrator/ Layout Artist: JOHN MICHAEL P. SARTE, ANTONIO L. MORADA

www.shsph.blogspot.com

SHS

English for
Academic and
Professional
Purposes
Quarter 2 – Module 4
DETERMINES THE OBJECTIVES AND
STRUCTURES OF VARIOUS KINDS
OF REPORTS

This instructional material was developed based from the Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC) in English for Academic and Professional Purposes in
response to the new normal scheme in learning delivery of the Department of Education.
This module was collaboratively reviewed by educators and program specialists in the
Regional Office V. We encourage teachers and other educational stakeholders to email
their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at .

We value your feedback and recommendations.

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Department of Education Republic of the Philippines
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON

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Congratulations, learner! You are now nearing the last part of the quarter and I am glad
you are doing great!
Previously, you are in a serious process in working and understanding the basic principles
of writing a position paper. By this time, you will be introduced to the next topic with greater
focus on determining the objectives as well as the different structures of various kinds of report.
In this module, you will be walked through the general introduction to writing reports, outlining
the different structures in order for you to be guided on how to produce a clear and well-
structured report anchored on research and analysis of a particular data and of issues.

ICONS USED IN THIS MODULE

Icons are those cute little drawings on the left side of the page that call out for your
attention. They signal a particularly valuable piece of information. Here’s a list of the icons in
this module:

Remember icons call your attention to important information

about a particular idea — something you shouldn’t neglect or
something that’s out of the ordinary. Don’t ignore these
paragraphs.

Tip icons present time-saving information that makes the process

of writing report effective. This provides steps on how a
particular process in writing report is being done to make it
effective.

Tip icons present short varied tasks designed to check your extent
of your understanding on the course of this module. Remember
to read and follow directions carefully.

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II. OBJECTIVE
Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports.

III. VOCABULARY LIST

▪ Scholar - a specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a
distinguished academic.
▪ Essay - a short piece of writing on a particular subject.
▪ Hard sciences - any of the natural or physical sciences, as chemistry, biology,
physics, or astronomy, in which aspects of the universe are investigated by means of
hypotheses and experiments.

IV. PRE-TEST

Here’s a drafted Know-Want to Know-Learned Chart for you. K-W-L chart is a

graphic organizer that will help you organize information before, during and after
you have gone through the topic of this module. Hence, it has the capacity to
understand your prior knowledge about the topic. Now, here’s what you need to
do. Carefully read and follow the instructions presented below:
Instructions: On the first column, list the things you already know about various kinds of
reports, their structures and specific application. Then, on the second column, you
need to list down the things you want to know about reports. Lastly, on the third
column, list the things that you have learned (after you have gone through the
different learning activities) about various kinds of reports, their structures and
specific application. (You may use extra sheet if necessary)

What I know about What I want to know What I learned about

various kinds of about various kinds of various kinds of
reports, their reports, their reports, their
structures and specific structures and specific structures and specific
application application application

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V. LEARNING CONCEPTS
In this section, you will be understanding the basic principles of writing report in detail,
including what information it contains, how that information is formatted and organized. You
may begin by understanding the meaning of the word, report.

Many scholars have defined report as any informational work

made with an intention to relay information or recounting certain
events in a presentable manner. These are often conveyed in writing,
speech, television, or film. Moreover, considering report as an
administrative necessity, hence, most official form of information or
work are completed via report. Note
that report is always written in a sequential manner in order of
occurrence.
A key feature of report is that it is formally structured in sections. Hence, the
use of sections makes it easy for the reader to jump straight to the information they need.
Unlike an essay which is written in a single narrative style from start to finish, each section of a
report has its own purpose and will need to be written in an appropriate style to suit – for
example, the methods and results sections are mainly descriptive, whereas the discussion section
needs to be analytical.
Reports communicate information which has been compiled as a result of research and
analysis of data and of issues. Please note however that reports can cover a wide range of topics,
but usually focus on transmitting information with a clear purpose, to a specific audience. It this
sense, you can come up with your own definition of report as, “a systematic, articulate, and
orderly presentation of research work in a written form”.
Good reports are documents that are accurate, objective and complete. They should also
be well-written, clearly structured and expressed in a way that holds the reader's attention and
meets their expectations. Remember, that you may be required to write several different types of
reports so it would be better for you to understand them well. So, here are the most common
types of reports that you need to understand, it is well that you get to familiarize the different
types of reports so you know particularly when and how to use them in the near future that your
teacher or your college professor would require you to write one.

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Guide Questions
What are the different types of report writing? What are its purposes?
Who are its target audience? How is a particular type of report being
written?

[1] TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS disciplines with an

applied focus such as Engineering, Information
Technology, Commerce, Accounting and Finance, will set
report writing assignments that simulate the process of
report writing in industry. Assignments are set in the form
of a problem or a case study. The students research the
problem, and present the results of the research in a report
format.
Technical writing is form of writing technical communication or documentation in
science and technology or applied science that helps people understand a product
or service. The main purpose of technical nform and to trigger the person into
writing is to i action such as purchasing a product or
service. Its purpose may also be instruct persuade, but never to entertain. The content is factual
and straightforward. It is expressed in formal, standard or academic language. The write-up uses
a specialized vocabulary and follows a set of rules and conventions. It is also organized in a
sequential or systematic pattern. Often, it is detail-oriented and require advance knowledge in the
specific field. The tone of technical writing output is objective and its audience is specific uses
language to evoke either an emotional or intellectual response from the audience or reader.
Examples of technical writing are end user documentation like user manuals that accompany
cellular phones, personal computers.
[2] FIELD REPORTS are common in disciplines such as
Law, Industrial Relations, Psychology, Nursing, History and Education.
These types of reports require the student to analyse his or her observations
of phenomena or events in the real world in light of theories studied in the
course.
The purpose of a field report in the social sciences is to describe the observation of
people, places, and/or events and to analyze that observation data in order to identify

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and categorize common themes in relation to the research problem underpinning the study. The
content represents the researcher's interpretation of meaning found in data that has been gathered
during one or more observational events.
Field reports are assigned with the intention of improving your understanding
of key theoretical concepts by applying methods of careful and structured
observation of, and reflection about, people, places, or phenomena existing in
their natural settings. Field reports
facilitate the development of data collection techniques and observation skills and they help you
to understand how theory applies to real world situations. Field reports are also an opportunity to
obtain evidence through methods of observing professional practice that contribute to or
challenge existing theories.
We are all observers of people, their interactions, places, and events; however, your
responsibility when writing a field report is to conduct research based on data generated by the
act of designing a specific study, deliberate observation, synthesis of key findings, and
interpretation of their meaning.

When writing a field report you need to:

● Systematically observe and accurately record the varying aspects of a situation. Always
approach your field study with a detailed protocol about what you will observe, where you
should conduct your observations, and the method by which you will collect and record
your data.
● Continuously analyze your observations. Always look for the meaning underlying the
actions you observe. Ask yourself: What's going on here? What does this observed activity
mean? What else does this relate to? Note that this is an on-going process of reflection and
analysis taking place for the duration of your field research.
● Keep the report’s aims in mind while you are observing. Recording what you observe
should not be done randomly or haphazardly; you must be focused and pay attention to
details. Enter the observation site [i.e., "field"] with a clear plan about what you are
intending to observe and record in relation to the research problem while, at the same time,
being prepared to adapt to changing circumstances as they may arise.
● Consciously observe, record, and analyze what you hear and see in the context of a
theoretical framework. This is what separates data gatherings from reporting. The
theoretical framework guiding your field research should determine what, when, and

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how you observe and act as the foundation from which you interpret your findings in relation
to the underlying assumptions embedded in the theoretical framework.

Techniques to record your observations:

Although there is no limit to the type of data gathering techniques you can use,
these are the most frequently used methods:

Note taking
This is the most common and easiest method of recording your observations. Tips for
taking notes include: organizing some shorthand symbols beforehand so that recording basic or
repeated actions does not impede your ability to observe, using many small paragraphs, which
reflect changes in activities, who is talking, etc., and, leaving space on the page so you can
write down additional thoughts and ideas about what’s being observed, any theoretical insights,
and notes to yourself that are set aside for further investigation.

Photography
With the advent of smart phones, an almost unlimited number of high quality photographs
can be taken of the objects, events, and people observed during a field study. Photographs can
help capture an important moment in time as well as document details about the space where
your observation takes place. Taking a photograph can save you time in documenting the details
of a space that would otherwise require extensive note taking.

Video & Audio Recordings

Video or audio recording your observations has the positive effect of giving you
an unfiltered record of the observation event. It also facilitates repeated analysis of your
observations. This can be particularly helpful as you gather additional information or
insights during your research.

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Illustrations
This does not refer to an artistic endeavor but, rather, refers to the possible need, for
example, to draw a map of the observation setting or illustrating objects in relation to people's
behavior.

Please note that techniques of deliberate observation and data gathering are
not innate skills; they are skills that must be learned and practiced in order
to achieve proficiency.
[3] SCIENTIFIC REPORTS are another kind of report.
They are common in all the Sciences and Social Sciences.
These reports use a standard scientific report format
describing methods, results and conclusions to report upon
an empirical investigation.
The purpose of a science report is to
clearly communicate your key message about why your scientific findings are meaningful. In
order to do this, you need to explain why you are testing a hypothesis, what methodology you
used, what you found, and why your findings are meaningful. This requires a clear link between
your introduction and your analysis/discussion.

The scope and style of reports varies widely. It depends on three key factors:
the report's intended audience, the report's purpose and the type of
information/subject to be communicated.

Congratulations learner, you are one step closer in finishing this module as you have just
completed the basic principles of writing report. Please note that you were introduced to
the most common types of report. The next pages of this module focus on how a
particular report is being written. You may now proceed.

There are a number of different assignments that may require you to write a report.
Selecting a format for the report may be somewhat difficult; however, using the correct format
will make the report structurally sound and help present information in a more relevant way. The
type of report format being used will depend on the content and context of the report. Reports
are a common academic genre in schools and universities.

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Although the exact nature will vary according to the discipline you are studying, the general
structure is broadly similar for all disciplines.
Now, one good example of report that you should know which is commonly used in the
field of hard sciences is referred as Research Report. Here’s why.
Writing report is highly scary to neophytes in the field of research.
This feeling of intimidation in preparing a research report is widespread.
Overcoming this fear entails practice and application of
certain techniques. There are different parts of research reports and it takes time to familiarize
oneself with the requirement of each part. Hence it necessitates frequent exposure to and practice
on the techniques of research report writing. The different parts of the research report include the
following:
1. Introductory Phase
2. Review of Literature
3. Research Methodology
4. Body of the Report
5. Conclusion
6. Recommendation

Introductory Phase

Introduction is as important as the main parts of a research report. It contextualizes and sets
the tone and direction of research writing. It is like a road map that guides you in your research
journey. According to Reidman (2001), it answers the following questions:

● What was I was studying?

● What did we know about this topic before we study?
● And, how this study advance new knowledge or new ways of understanding?

Hence, this section indicates not just the context but the significance of research. Moreover,
the introduction encapsulates background information about the topic as it provides discussion
on the purpose of the study, research problem with hypothesis and research questions and briefly
touches on the methods to be applied in investigating the research problem, and outcomes of the
study. It also covers discussion on how paper is organized.

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As suggested by Silverman (2006), research report starts with four elements including: title;
abstract; list of contents, and introduction. Below is a brief description of each element.
Research Title
A research title has to get the attention of the readers. In other words, it must be “catchy.”
Being catchy does not mean sacrificing the main message or idea of your report. Hence,
according to Silverman (2006, 339) choose “a title that catches the reader’s attention while
properly informing them about the main focus on your research.” Siverman (2006, 206) is
suggesting a “two-part title” containing a stimulating title applying a present participle signifying
action and a subtitle which is more descriptive.
Example:
Stimulating title: Have you ever experience being bullied?
Descriptive title: A study on the perception of the victims of
bullying in the primary schools
Research Abstract
A research abstract is a vital component of a report as it provides the readers with a snap
view of what you will expect from it. The abstract gives a synopsis of the objectives and results
of the report to be described in detailed from in the body of the report. Silverman (2006)
identified what an abstract should contain:

1. research problem
2. significance and value of the problem
3. data and methods utilized
4. main findings
5. implication in the light of other research

A research abstract has a word limit. The most common word limit is 100. This is a
challenging part of writing a report because it is difficult to write the many things that you want
to impart in just a few words.
List of Contents
A list of contents is a useful component of a report as it guides the readers to find their
way through the different parts of the report. Hence, the consistency of the page numbers with
the parts of the report is vital. Inconsistent page numbering would result to the reader’s
confusion.

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Introduction
The introduction acquaints the readers with the what, why and how of the report.
According to Murcott (1997, p. 1) as cited in Silverman (2006), answering the questions below
would lead you to the development of the introduction:
1. What is the research all about?
2. Why have you chosen this topic rather than the other topics?
3. Why are you interested in this topic?
4. How will you undertake the research?
5. What kind of research approach will you utilize?
6. What are your research questions or problems?

Review of Literature
The Review of Related Literature (RRL) provides study background and environment.
The intention of the RRL is to locate the study in its area of discipline and reveal its relevance
and significance in the environment. The RRL would indicate if your topic is building on
previous researchers or if it is a new area of inquiry. The RRL should make one realize that a
study is worth pursuing or not.
According to Silverman (2006), RRL is not a “litany” of all studies done related
to the topic. It is also not an inventory of the accomplishments of other authors on the same topic
nor it is a map of projects similar to the area of study. Rather, it is an environmental or
disciplinal context that leads one to locate one’s study. Hence, Silverman (2008) recommends
the following points:
● Focus only on studies that are vital and relevant in defining your research problem.
● Organize what you say in the form of an argument rather than a simple description of
other studies.

Research Methodology
In research, the research process is as important as the research content. Thus, a
research report must also contain a description of the research strategy. The readers will be
interested in finding how you arrived at a particular study result. Siverman (2008) pointed out
that the readers would be interested to know the following:
1. Research topic
2. Case (s) you have studied
3. Research methods you have chosen to use

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4. How you have analyzed the data

This part of the research report is sensitive hence must be dealt with caution. In order for
you to answer questions such as: Is your methodology appropriate for the research problem?
How did you reach that conclusion? Silverman suggested that to be able to answer
methodological questions, you have to be familiar with and knowledgeable about the following:
● Data you have studied
● How you obtained those data
● What claims you are making about the data
● Methods you have used to gather the data
● Why you have chosen this methods
● How you have analyzed your data

Writing Your Data

The most essential part of the report is writing about the data collected through your
research. There are two important areas of consideration in the writing up of the data, namely,
data analysis, and data presentation.
In the data analysis, there is no right or wrong way. Creswell (1994, 153) only requires
the researcher to:

1. “be comfortable with developing categories and making comparisons and contrast”
2. “be open to possibilities and see contrary or alternative explanations for the findings”

To assist the researcher in the data analysis, attention must be given to (a)
sorting information into categories, (b) formatting the information into a story or picture, (c)
actual data analysis and write up.
Writing the Conclusion
How do you characterize conclusions? Conclusion are inferences, deductions,
abstraction, implications, interpretations, general statements, and/or generalizations based on
findings. An example of which is: “All the teachers were qualified to teach in the high school but
the majority of them were not qualified to teach science. ” (Khemer, 2009).

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A good conclusion answers the specific questions identified at the introductory phase of
the research. For example, if the question identified is, “How adequate are the needs and the
facilities for teaching science? And then the findings reveal that the facilities are less than the
needs of the students, the answer and the conclusion should be: The facilities for the teaching of
science are inadequate. (Khreme, 2009).
Writing The Recommendation
The research recommendation is a part of the paper where you make suggestions
about some resolutions as a response to the research problem. It must be consistent part of the
conclusion. It proposes specific solutions connected with the findings and must be supported by
relevant data and specific data from the findings.

Below are some tips from Teljlingen (2011) on how to write recommendations:
● “You should not recommend anything that you have not previously
discussed in the discussion. The rule ‘no new material’ in your conclusion
is also applicable to your ‘Recommendations.’”
● “Recommendations are not the same as conclusions. Consider
recommendations go one step further than conclusions as (s) ‘something’;
(b) ‘someone; and (c) ‘needs to do.’’”
● There may be different levels within your set recommendations: for
(a) academic (i.e., research is needed into…), (b) for policy-makers (e,g.,
data protection act needs to change to accommodate…); for
(c) practitioners (i.e., managers in local government need to consider the
mental well-being of their staff); or recommendation for (d)
training/education.

Often reports are structured in a way that reflects the information finding
process and the writing up of the findings: that is, summary of the contents, introduction or
background, methods, results, discussion, conclusion and/or recommendations. The inclusion of
recommendations is one reason why reports are a common form of writing in industry, as the
informed recommendations are useful for decision making.

Remember that in writing Laboratory Reports, no student should copy data

from anyone who is not his or her lab partner. You may discuss

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the experiment with your lab partner and other classmates, but the lab report
that you turn in must be your own work. Lab reports are subject to all the rules governing
academic honesty. Photocopies of any parts of the lab report are not permissible.

Congratulations learner, you have just finished understanding the various structures of
writing report! The next portion of this module focus on varied activities and assessment
to strengthen the foundation of your understanding about writing reports. Please remember
to understand and follow instructions. Good luck!

VI. PRACTICE TASKS

If you are reading this now, it means that you have advanced yourself from the basics of
writing report. This part of the module focus on different activities that would help strengthen
your understanding about the topic. Your answers from the activities will be rated based from the
below listed rubrics.
Beginning Developing Accomplished Exemplary
CRITERIA Score
[1] [2] [3] [4]
The table was The table was The table was The table was
incompletely incompletely somewhat filled with completely filled
filled with data filled with data accurate data with accurate
Completeness reflecting reflecting toward reflecting the data reflecting
beginning level mastery level of mastery level of highest level of
of performance performance performance performance
The table was The table was The table was
The table was
incompletely incompletely completely filled
somewhat filled with
filled with filled with with accurate
Knowledge accurate information
information information information
reflecting the
reflecting reflecting toward reflecting
mastery level of
beginning level mastery level of highest level of
performance
of performance performance performance
The table was The table was The table was The table was
completely completely filled completely filled with completely filled
filled with with accurate accurate information with accurate
accurate information following correct information
information following correct grammatical structure following
Grammar following grammatical reflecting the correct
correct structure reflecting mastery level of grammatical
grammatical toward mastery performance structure
structure level of reflecting highest
reflecting performance level of
beginning level performance
of performance

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Instructions: The key factors of writing report are identified as to the intended
audience, report’s purpose and type of information/subject to be
communicated. Using the matrix drafted below, identify the concepts for
technical, field and scientific reports. (You may use extra sheet if necessary)

Practice Task 1
Congratulations, learner, for finishing your first task. I have prepared another activity for
you to accomplish and just the same, read carefully and follow the instructions. Good luck!
Practice Task 2

Instructions: Compare and contrast the three (3) types of report using Venn diagram
drafted below. (You may use extra sheet if necessary)

Audience Purpose Subject

Technical Report
Field Report

Scientific Report

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Practice Task 3

Instructions: How is research report different from laboratory report?

Discuss your answer using the space provided. (You may use extra
sheet if necessary)
You will be rated based from the given rubrics.

VII. POST-TEST
Congratulations on completing your recent activities. I am certain that you have
learned a lot about the topic being delivered through the course of this module.
In this stage, you will be assessed on how far
you understood the discussion, remember that this portion of the assessment
will be recorded and just the same, carefully read and understand the instructions.

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VIII. ASSIGNMENT
Below is an example of report lifted from
https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/2_AssessmentTasks/assess_tuts/reports_L
L/report.pdf. Go over the link and read through the said report and answer the given
questions.

● Based from the different types of report discussed in this module, identify and
briefly explain using your own words as to what particular type of report is
the given example?
● Identify the key factors on the given sample report in terms of
a. intended audience,
b. the report's purpose and;
c. the type of information/subject to be communicated.

Hey! You have just finished understanding the concepts in writing and various kinds of reports. If
you are reading this, it only means that you have successfully gone through the course of this
module.
Good job and good luck on your next.

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Practice Tasks 1-3
For practice tasks 1-3, the below listed rubrics will be used to assess the students’
responses.
Beginning Developing Accomplished Exemplary
CRITERIA Score
[1] [2] [3] [4]
The table was The table was The table was The table was
incompletely incompletely somewhat filled with completely filled
filled with data filled with data accurate data with accurate
Completeness reflecting reflecting toward reflecting the data reflecting
beginning level mastery level of mastery level of highest level of
of performance performance performance performance
The table was The table was The table was
The table was
incompletely incompletely completely filled
somewhat filled with
filled with filled with with accurate
Knowledge accurate information
information information information
reflecting the
reflecting reflecting toward reflecting highest
mastery level of
beginning level mastery level of level of
of performance performance performance performance
The table was The table was The table was The table was
completely completely filled completely filled with completely filled
filled with with accurate accurate information with accurate
accurate information following correct information
information following correct grammatical structure following
Grammar following grammatical reflecting the correct
correct structure reflecting mastery level of grammatical
grammatical toward mastery performance structure
structure level of reflecting highest
reflecting performance level of
beginning level performance
of performance

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References and Sources
Mendoza, D. et al (2016). Applied Research: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods
and Report Writing. PHOENIX PUBLISHING HOUSE.

Prieto, N. et al (2017). Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City: LORIMAR
PUBLISHING, Inc.

https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/teaching-strategies/k-w-l-charts
https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/writing-a-research-report-in- american-
psychological-association-apa- style/#:~:text=An%20APA%2Dstyle%20empirical
%20research%20report%20con sists%20of%20several%20standard,results%2C
%20discussion%2C%20and%20 references.
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/reports/structure/
http://www.gronet.org/reports/Structure-of-Reports-Learnhigher.pdf
https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/reports/structure/
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/fieldreport
https://www.anu.edu.au/students/academic-skills/writing-assessment/report-
writing/science-reports
https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/2_AssessmentTasks/assess_tuts/rep
orts_LL/report.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?q=report&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH875PH875&sour
ce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwneKLwNLqAhWywosBHVuRA7YQ_
AUoAXoECBIQAw#imgrc=sgR6Nb_YenwMlM

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsiteproxy.ruqli.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.innovatia.net%2Fb log
%2Fthe-future-of-technical-writing-from-books-to-topic-based- authoring
%2F&psig=AOvVaw2pVURiFrkSV1Cb-
msIhngG&ust=1595014985923000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFw
oTCODe1Ja60uoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsiteproxy.ruqli.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.oneworldoneocean. com
%2Fvideo-
media&psig=AOvVaw3c_KCAeFWIUVMHIEvFovn4&ust=1595016440674000&s
ource=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIC4m4PA0uoCFQAAAAAdAAAA
ABAD

20