Name:_________________________________________ Class:________________ 1

1 (a) A large stone, initially at rest, falls from the top of a building. The stone takes 3.2 s to fall to the
ground. For this stone, air resistance can be ignored.

(i) Stating the formula that you use, show that the speed of the stone when it hits the ground
is 32 m / s.

[1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the fall of the stone. Label with an X the line
on the graph. [1]

40

30
speed
m/s

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(iii) Use the graph in (ii) to determine the height of the building.

height = ........................................................ [2]

(b) A smaller stone than the stone in (a) falls from the same building. This stone is affected by air
resistance.

(i) What happens to the air resistance as the stone falls? Underline your choice of answer.

Air resistance decreases. Air resistance is constant. Air resistance increases. [1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw a possible speed-time graph for the fall of this stone. Label with a Y this
line on the graph. [3]
[Total: 8]
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2 The rocket shown in Fig. 2.1 is about to be launched.

rocket

Fig. 2.1

The total mass of the rocket and its full load of fuel is 2.8 × 106 kg. The constant force provided by
the rocket’s motors is 3.2 × 107 N.

(a) Calculate

(i) the total weight of the rocket and the fuel,

weight = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the rocket,

resultant force = ........................................................ [2]

(iii) the vertical acceleration of the rocket immediately after lift-off.

acceleration = ........................................................ [2]

(b) Suggest why the acceleration of the rocket increases as it rises above the Earth’s surface.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]
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1 A driving instructor gives a student a sudden order to stop the car in the shortest possible time.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph of the motion of the car from the moment the order is given.

30
speed
m/s

20

10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time t / s
Fig. 1.1

(a) The order to stop is given at time t = 0 s.

(i) State the speed of the car at t = 0 s.

speed = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest why the car continues to travel at this speed for 0.9 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Calculate

(i) the deceleration of the car between t = 0.9 s and t = 4.0 s,

deceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the total distance travelled by the car from t = 0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[3]

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(c) Describe and explain a danger to a driver of not wearing a safety belt during a sudden stop.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

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1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the axes used to plot distance-time graphs.

distance

0
0 time

Fig. 1.1

On Fig. 1.1, draw graphs for an object that is

(i) moving with constant speed, labelling the graph A,

(ii) moving with decreasing speed, labelling the graph B. [2]

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the axes used to plot speed-time graphs.

speed

0
0 time

Fig. 1.2

On Fig. 1.2, draw graphs for an object that is

(i) moving with constant acceleration, labelling the graph S,

(ii) moving with increasing acceleration, labelling the graph T. [2]

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(c) A plane is at rest on an airport runway. The brakes of the plane are released and the engine
of the plane provides a constant accelerating force.

Using the following data, calculate the take-off speed of the plane. Ignore any resistive forces.

constant forward force = 56 000 N

mass of plane = 16 000 kg
time of travel along runway = 16 s

speed = ...........................................................[4]

[Total: 8]

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1 (a) Define acceleration.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time axes for the graph of the motion of a car.

30

speed
m/s
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(i) The car starts from rest.

From time = 0 to time = 15 s, the car has a constant acceleration to a speed of 28 m / s.

From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the car has a constant speed of 28 m / s.

From time = 32 s, the car has a constant deceleration of 2.0 m / s2 until it comes to rest.

On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph, using the space below for any calculations.

[5]

(ii) From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the path of the car is part of a circle.

For this motion, state

1. the direction of the resultant force on the car,

...........................................................................................................................................

2. what happens to the velocity of the car.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]

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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a distance-time graph for a moving object.

C
50

distance / m

B
30

A
0
0 15 40
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Describe the speed of the object between points

(i) A and B,

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) B and C.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) State whether the acceleration of the object is zero, negative or positive, as shown on the
graph between points

(i) A and B,

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) B and C.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Calculate the average speed of the object during the 40 seconds.

speed = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]
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1 Parachutes are used to slow down a certain racing car.

Fig. 1.1 shows the racing car, of total mass 750 kg, slowing down by using parachutes.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for 20 s after the car reaches full speed.

80

70

speed 60
m/s
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time t / s

Fig. 1.2

At time t = 6.0 s, the parachutes open.

(a) On Fig. 1.2,

(i) mark a point, labelled A, where the car is moving at constant speed,
(ii) mark a point, labelled B, where the car is decelerating at a uniform rate,
(iii) mark a point, labelled C, where the car is decelerating at non-uniform rate.
[3]

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(b) Calculate

(i) the deceleration of the car at time t = 6.5 s,

deceleration = ............................................... [2]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the car at this time.

resultant force = ............................................... [2]

(c) Explain why there is no resultant force acting on the car at time t = 4.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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1 (a) Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 show speed-time graphs for two objects, each moving in a straight line.

speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

(i) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) On a day with no wind, a large object is dropped from a tall building. The object experiences
air resistance during its fall to the ground.

State and explain, in terms of the forces acting, how the acceleration of the object varies
during its fall.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 7]

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1 An experiment is carried out to find the acceleration of free fall.

A strip of paper is attached to a heavy object. The object is dropped and falls to the ground, pulling
the paper strip through a timer. The timer marks dots on the paper strip at intervals of 0.020 s.

Fig. 1.1 shows a section of the paper strip with the first three dots marked. The first dot on the
paper strip, labelled A, is marked at the instant the object is dropped.

0.0076 m
A 0.0019 m

paper strip

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

(a) State how the dots on the paper strip show that the object is accelerating.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Calculate the average speed of the object

(i) in the first 0.020 s after the object is dropped,

average speed = .............................................................

(ii) in the second 0.020 s after the object is dropped.

average speed = .............................................................

[3]

(c) Use the results from (b) to calculate the acceleration of the falling object.

acceleration = .........................................................[3]

[Total: 7]

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1 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A force is applied to the object.

State the possible changes in the motion of the object.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a skier taking part in a speed competition. The winner of the competition has
the highest average speed over the 100 m section shown in Fig. 1.1.

start

skier

100 m

Fig. 1.1

(i) The skier starts from rest and has a constant acceleration. He reaches a speed of
60 m / s in 16 s.

Calculate the skier’s acceleration.

acceleration = ................................................................. [2]

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(ii) Over the length of the 100 m section, the time recorded is 1.85 s.

Calculate the skier’s average speed over the section.

average speed = ................................................................. [2]

(iii) Suggest why the skier bends his body, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Explain your answer.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

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1 Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for an ice skater.

12
speed
m/s

10

0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
time t / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Explain what is meant by deceleration.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Use Fig. 1.1 to determine

(i) the distance travelled between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s,

distance = ...........................................................[2]

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(ii) the deceleration between times t = 3.0 s and t = 6.0 s.

deceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(c) (i) State what happens to the size of the deceleration after time t = 6.0 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State what happens to the resultant force on the skater after time t = 6.0 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

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1 Model trains move along a track passing through two model stations. Students analyse the motion
of a train. They start a digital timer as the train starts to move. They record the time that it enters
Station A and the time it enters Station B.

Fig. 1.1 shows the time on entering Station A and the time on entering Station B.

hour min sec hour min sec

time entering Station A time entering Station B

Fig. 1.1

(a) Calculate the time taken from the train entering Station A to the train entering Station B.
State your answer in seconds.

time taken = ....................................................... s [1]

(b) A faster train takes 54 s to travel from Station A to Station B. The distance between the stations
is 120 m.

Calculate the average speed of this train.

average speed = .................................................. m / s [3]

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(c) Fig. 1.2 shows the speed-time graph for a train travelling on a different part of the track.

4.0
speed
m/s
3.0

2.0

1.0

0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
time / s

Fig. 1.2

Determine the total distance travelled by the train on this part of the track.

distance = ...................................................... m [4]

[Total: 8]

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1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest.

30

speed 25
m/s
20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time = 30 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Without further calculation, state how the acceleration at time = 100 s compares to the
acceleration at time = 10 s. Suggest, in terms of force, a reason why any change has taken
place.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(c) Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle between time = 120 s and time = 160 s.

distance = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 8]

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1 There is no atmosphere on the Moon.

A space probe is launched from the surface of the Moon. Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph of
the space probe.

5000

speed
m/s
4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 100 200 300
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Determine the acceleration of the space probe at time = 0.

acceleration = ...........................................................[3]

(b) Between time = 0 and time = 150 s, the acceleration of the space probe changes.

(i) Without calculation, state how the graph shows this.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) During this time, the thrust exerted on the space probe by the motor remains constant.

State one possible reason why the acceleration changes in the way shown by Fig. 1.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Calculate the distance travelled by the space probe from time = 200 s to time = 300 s.

distance = ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 8]

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1 A free-fall parachutist jumps from a helium balloon, but does not open his parachute for some
time.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for his fall. Point B indicates when he opens his parachute.

speed
A B

C D

0
0 time

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) State the value of the gradient of the graph immediately after time t = 0.

gradient = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain why the gradient has this value.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) State how Fig. 1.1 shows that the acceleration decreased between time t = 0 and the time
to A.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Explain, in terms of forces, what is happening in section AB of the graph in Fig. 1.1.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) A second parachutist of the same size and mass jumps from the balloon with a larger
parachute. He also opens his parachute at point B.

On Fig. 1.1, sketch a possible speed-time graph for his fall after he opens his parachute. [3]
[Total: 8]

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1 A comet, travelling in space, enters the atmosphere of a planet.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the comet from time t = 0 s.

40 000

speed
m/s 30 000

20 000

10 000

0
0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) During the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s, both the speed of the comet and the velocity of the
comet remain constant.

State what this suggests about the motion of the comet.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled during the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Explain what the graph shows about the motion of the comet during the period t = 6.0 s to
t = 10.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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(c) Determine the acceleration of the comet at t = 11.0 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(d) Suggest what happens to the comet at t = 12.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

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1 A plastic ball is dropped from the balcony of a tall building and falls towards the ground in a straight
line.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the falling ball.

8.0

speed
m/s
6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) State and explain, in terms of forces, what is happening to the speed of the ball between time
t = 2.0 s and t = 3.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) On Fig. 1.1, mark a point P on the line where the acceleration of the ball is not constant. [1]

(c) Using Fig. 1.1,

(i) calculate the acceleration of the ball between t = 0 s and t = 0.25 s,

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) estimate the distance that the ball falls in the first 3.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a student travelling down a hill in an unpowered vehicle.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is part of the speed-time graph for the vehicle travelling down the hill.

8 C

speed
m/s
6

4 B

A
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) State how the graph shows that the acceleration is constant between A and B.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the acceleration between A and B.

acceleration = .......................................................... [2]

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(iii) Describe how the acceleration changes between B and C.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Use Fig. 1.2 to obtain an approximate value for the distance travelled by the vehicle in the first
10 s, as shown on the graph.

distance = .......................................................... [4]

[Total: 8]

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1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the motion of a car.

20

speed
m/s
15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40
time / s

Fig. 1.1

The mass of the car is 1200 kg.

(a) Calculate, for the first 20 s of the motion,

(i) the distance travelled by the car,

distance = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the acceleration of the car,

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) the resultant force acting on the car.

resultant force = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Describe the motion of the car in the period of time from 25 s to 40 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]
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