SOLUTIONS NUMERICAL -COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
1. 18 g of glucose is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a saucepan. At what temperature will water boil at
1.013 bar? Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1.
Ans:
Mass of solvent = 1 kg = 1000 g
Mass of glucose = 18 g Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1000
Molality of solution = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 x 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)
18 1000
= 180 x 1000 = 0.1 molal
Elevation in boiling point, ΔTb = kb x m
= 0.52 x 0.1 = 0.052 K
ΔTb = Tb – T b ( where Tb = boiling point of solution and Tob = boiling point of pure water)
o
0.052 = Tb – 373.15
Tb = 373.202 K
2. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate
(a) Depression in freezing point
(b) Freezing point of solution
Kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol-1.
Ans:
Molar mass of C2H6O2 = 62 g/mol
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1000
Molality of solution, m = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 x 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)
45 1000
= 62 x = 1.21 molal
600
Depression in freezing point, ΔTf = kf x m
= 1.86 x 1.21 = 2.2 K
ΔTf = T f - Tf ( where Tf = freezing point of solution and Tof = freezing point of pure water)
o
2.2 = 273.15 – Tf
Freezing point of solution, Tf = 270.95 K
3. 200 cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The osmotic pressure of
such a solution at 300 K is found to be 2.57 x 10 -3 bar. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
Ans:
𝑤2 𝑅𝑇
Osmotic pressure, π = 𝑀2 x 𝑉(𝑖𝑛 𝐿)
1.36 8.314 𝑥 300
2.57 x 10 -3 = 𝑀2 x 0.2
M2 = 61.022 g/mol
4. The vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 0.850 bar. A non-volatile, non-
electrolyte solid weighing 0.5 g when added to 39 g of benzene (molar mass 78 g/mol). Vapour
pressure of the solution is 0.845 bar. What is the molar mass of the solid substance?
Ans:
𝑃𝑜1−𝑃1 𝑤2 𝑥 𝑀1
= 𝑀2 𝑥 𝑤1
𝑃𝑜1
0.850−0.845 0.5 𝑥 78
= 𝑀2 𝑥 39
0.850
M2 = 120 g/mol
5. Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5g/mol) to be dissolved in 37.2 g of water to lower the
freezing point by 2o assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation.
Ans:
NaCl → Na+ + Cl-
i=2
ΔTf = i x kf x m
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1000
ΔTf = i x kf x 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 x 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1000
= 2 x 1.86 x x
58.5 37.2
= 1.17 g
6. Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2 (M = 95 g mol-1) was dissolved in 50 g of
water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionization. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
Ans:
MgCl2 → Mg 2+ + 2 Cl-
i=3
ΔTf = i x kf x m
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1000
ΔTf = i x kf x 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 x 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)
1.9 1000
= 3 x 1.86 x 95 x 50
= 2.233 K
ΔTf = Tof - Tf
Tf = Tof - ΔTf
= 273.15 – 2.233
= 270.92 K
7. What is the elevation of boiling point of a solution of 13.44g of CuCl2 in 1kg of water?
(Kb for water = 0.52 K kg /mol, molar mass of CuCl2 = 134.4g/mol)
Ans:
CuCl2 → Cu2+ + 2 Cl-
i=3
ΔTb = i x Kb x m
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1000
ΔTb = i x Kb x 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 x 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)
13.44 1000
= 3 x 0.52 x 134.4 x 1000
= 1.56 K
8. A solution containing 1.9 g per 100 mL of KCl (molar mass = 74.5 g/mol) is isotonic with a solution
containing 3 g per 100 mL of urea( Molar mass = 60 g/mol). Calculate vant’ Hoff factor for KCl
solution. Assume that both the solutions have same temperature.
Ans:
Isotonic solutions have same osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure of KCl solution = Osmotic pressure of urea solution
𝑤(𝐾𝐶𝑙) 𝑅𝑇 𝑤(𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑎) 𝑅𝑇
i x 𝑀(𝐾𝐶𝑙) x 𝑉(𝑖𝑛 𝐿) = x 𝑉(𝑖𝑛 𝐿)
𝑀(𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑎)
1.9 𝑅𝑇 3 𝑅𝑇
i x 74.5 x 𝑉(𝑖𝑛 𝐿) = 60 x 𝑉(𝑖𝑛 𝐿)
i = 2.0
9. A 0.01 molal aqueous solution of AlCl3 freezes at -0.068 oC. Calculate the percentage of dissociation.
( Kf = 1.86 K kg/mol)
Ans:
ΔTf = Tof - Tf
= 0 - (-0.068) = 0.068 K
Kf = 1.86 K kg/mol m = 0.01 m
ΔTf = i x Kf x m
𝛥𝑇𝑓
i = 𝐾𝑓 𝑚 = 0.068 / (1.86 x 0.01)
= 3.65
AlCl3 → Al3+ + 3 Cl-
n=4
Degree of dissociation, α = i-1/n-1
= 3.65 -1 /4-1
= 0.8833
Percentage of dissociation = 0.883 x 100 = 88.33 %
10. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 L of water at
25oC assuming it to be completely dissociated.
(Atomic mass of K = 39, S = 32, O = 16)
Ans:
Mass of K2SO4 = 25 mg = 0.025 g
Volume of solution = 2L
T = 25oC = 298 K
Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g/mol
K2SO4 → 2 K + + SO4 2-
i=3
𝑤2 𝑅𝑇
Osmotic pressure, π = i x 𝑀2 x 𝑉(𝑖𝑛 𝐿)
0.025 8.314 𝑥 298
2.57 x 10 -3 = 3 x x
174 2
= 5.27 x 10 -3 atm
