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MUSIC ensemble numbering up to 100, accompanied by a

MUSIC OF AFRICA singer, chorus, and a coterie of dancers.
Music has always been an important part in the
Music Instruments used in Maracatu:
daily life of the African, whether for work, religion,
ceremonies, or even communication 1. Alfaia - a large wooden drum that is rope-tuned

TYPES OF AFRICAN MUSIC 2. Tarol which is a shallow snare drum and the
1. AFROBEAT - is a term used to describe the 3. Caixa-de-guerra- a war-like snare.
fusion of West African with black American
music. 4. Agbe a gourd shaker covered by beads, and the
5. Miniero or Ganza - a metal cylindrical shaker filled
2. APALA - is a musical genre from Nigeria in
with metal shot or small dried seeds called
the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the
"Lagrimafre Nossa Senhora.”
worshippers after fasting during the Muslim
holy feast of Ramadan.

3. AXE is a popular musical genre from MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA

Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the A. IDIOPHONES
AfroCaribbean styles of the marcha, reggae,  BALAFON - West African xylophone.
and calypso.  RATTLES - are made of seashells, tin,
basketry, animal hoofs, horn, wood, metal
4. JIT - is a hard and fast percussive bells, cocoons, palm kernels, or tortoise shells.
Zimbabwean dance music played on drums  AGOGO - a single bell or multiple bells that
with guitar accompaniment, influenced by had its origins in traditional Yoruba music and
mbira-based guitar styles. also in the sambabaterias (percussion)
ensembles. The agogo may be called "the
5. JIVE - is a popular form of South African oldest samba instrument based on West
music featuring a lively and uninhibited African Yoruba single or double bells." It has
variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing the highest pitch of any of the bateria
dance. instruments.
 ATINGTINGKON - They were carved out of
6. JUJU - is a popular music style from Nigeria wood to resemble ancestors and had a "slit
that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, opening" at thebottom.
where the instruments in Juju are more  SLIT DRUM - is a hollow percussion
Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard, instrument Although known as a drum, it is not
pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used a true drum but is an idiophone.
along with the traditional dun-dun  DJEMBE - The West African djembe
(talking drum or squeeze drum). (pronounced zhem-bay) is one of the best-
known African drums is.
7. KWASSAKWASSA - this dance style, the  SHEKERE - is a type of gourd and shell
hips move back and forth while the arms megaphonefrom West Africa, consisting of a
move following the hips. dried gourd with beads woven into a net
covering the gourd.
8. MARABI is a South African three-chord  RASP - or scraper, is a hand percussion
township music of the 1930s-1960s which instrument whose sound is produced by
evolved into African Jazz. scraping the notches on a piece of wood (sometimes
elaborately carved) with a stick, creating a series of
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC rattling effects.
MARACATU - first surfaced in the African state of
Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of B. MEMBRANOPHONES
African percussion instruments with Portuguese  BODY PERCUSSION - Africans frequently
melodies. The maracatu groups were called use their bodies as musical instruments, the
"nacoes" (nations) who paraded with a drumming body also serves as a drum as people clap their

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hands, slap their thighs, pound their upper REGGAE - is a Jamaican sound dominated by bass
arms or chests, or shuffle their feet. guitar and drums.
 TALKING DRUM - The talking drum is used
to send messages to announce births, deaths, SALSA MUSIC - is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and
marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation, Colombian dance music. It comprises various
or war. musical genres including the Cuban son montuno,
guaracha, chachacha, mambo and
C. LAMELLAPHONE - is a set of plucked bolero.
tongues or keys mounted on a sound board.
 MBIRA (HAND PLANO OR THUMB SAMBA - is the basic underlying rhythm that
PLANO) - The thumb plano or finger typifies most Brazilian music. It is a lively and
xylophone is of African origin and is used rhythmical dance and music with three steps to
throughout the continent. every bar, making the Samba feel
D. CHORDOPHONES - chordophones are like a timed dance
instruments which produce sounds from the
vibration of strings. SOCA - "soul" and "calypso" music
 MUSICAL BOW - is the ancestor of all string
Instruments. It is the oldest and one of the WERE - This is Muslim music performed often as a
most widely-used string instruments of Africa. wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during
 LUTE (KONTING, KHALAM, AND THE Ramadan celebrations.
NKONI) - The lute,.. - originating from the
Arabic states, is shaped like the modern guitar ZOUK - is fast, carnival-like hythmic music, from
and played in similar fashion. the Creole slang word for 'party
 KORA - Africa's most sophisticated harp,
while also having features similar to a lute. BLUES
 ZITHER - a stringed instrument with varying The notes of the blues create an expressive and
sizes and shapes whose strings are stretched soulful sound. The feelings that are evoked are
along its body. normally associated with slight degrees of misfortune,
lost love, frustration, or loneliness.
E. AEROPHONES
 FLUTES - widely used throughout Africa and SOUL
either vertical or side-blown. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps
 HORNS - Horns and trumpets, found almost and extemporaneous body moves which are among
everywhere in Africa, are commonly made its Important features.
from elephant tusks and animal horns. Kudu
horn This is one type of horn made from the Other characteristics include "call and response"
kudu antelope. between the soloist and the chorus, and an
 REED PIPES - There are single-reed pipes especially tense and powerful vocal sound.
made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum
stems James Brown - "Godfather of Soul"
 WHISTLES -Whistles found throughout the Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson - "soul forefathers."
continent may be made of wood or other
materials. Short pieces of horn serve as SPIRITUAL
whistles, often with a short tube Inserted into associated with a deeply religious person, refers here
the mouthpiece. to a Negro spiritual, a song form by African migrants
 TRUMPETS - African trumpets are made of to America who became enslaved by its white
wood, metal, animal horns, elephant tusks, and communities
gourds with skins from snakes, zebras,
leopards, crocodiles and animal hide as CALL AND RESPONSE
ornaments. a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually
rendered by different musicians, where the second
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY
phrase acts as a direct commentary on or response to
AFRICAN MUSIC:
the first.

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VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS LATIN

Much like the question and answer sequence in AMERICAN MUSIC
human communication, it also forms a strong 1.Cumbia - Originating in Panama and Colombia, the
resemblance to the verse-chorus form in many cumbia became a popular African courtship dance with
aspects. European and African instrumentation and
characteristics.
MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA
2. Tango - The word tango may have been of African
The music of Latin America is the product of three
origin meaning "African dance" or from the Spanish
major influences-Indigenous, Spanish Portuguese, and
word taner meaning "to play" (an instrument).
African.
3. Cha-cha-cha
Sometimes called Latin music, it includes the countries
that have had a colonial history from 4. Rumba
Spain and Portugal. 5. Bossa Nova - Sitti Navarro is a singer who has
become known as the "Philippines' Queen of Bossa
IINFLUENCES ON LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC Nova.
1. Indigenous Latin-American Music
6.Reggae - The best-known proponent of reggae music
2. Native American/Indian music is Bob Marley, a Jamaican singer-songwriter,
3. Afro-Latin American Music- musician, and Guitarist

4. Euro-Latin American Music 7. Foxtrot

5. Mixed American music 8. Paso Doble

6. Popular Latin American Music

JAZZ
Some of these Latin American popular music forms are It was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who
tango, bossa nova, samba, son, and salsa migrated to America.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF LATIN RAGTIME
AMERICA an American popular musical style mainly for piano,
 TLAPITZALLI - is a flute variety from the originating in the AfroAmerican communities in St.
Aztec culture made of clay with decorations of Louis and New Orleans. Its style was said to be a
abstract designs or Images of their deities. modification of the "marching mode" made popular by
 TEPONAZTIL - Mexican slit-drum hollowed John Philip Sousa, where the effect is generated.
out and carved from a piece of hardwood.
 CONCH - a wind instrument made from a BIGBAND
seashell usually of a large sea snail. a large ensemble form originating in the United States
 RASP - a hand percussion instrument whose in the mid 1920's closely associated with the Swing
sound is produced by scraping a group of Era with jazz elements. Relying heavily on percussion
notched sticks with another stick, creating a (drums), wind, rhythm section (guitar, piano, double
series of rattling effects. bass, vibes)
 HUEHUETI - a Mexican upright tubular drum BEBOP
used by the Aztecs and other ancient Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which
civilizations, it is made of wood opened at the is characterized by a fast tempo, Instrumental
bottom and standing on three legs cut from the virtuosity, and Improvisation that emerged during
base, with its stretched skin beaten by the hand World War II.
or a wooden mallet.
 WHISTLES instruments made of natural JAZZ ROCK
elements such as bone from animals. The A synonym for "jazz fusion," jazz rock is a mix of funk
eagle-bone whistle is the most common. and R&B
POPULAR MUSIC

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Popular music literally means "music of the populace," a creative device that allows you to generate original
similar to traditional folk music of the past. As it works of art for an entire range of purposes
developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has
1. Pixlr -a powerful, free online image editor
come to be called) generally consisted of music for
entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on 2. Pic Collage-allows you to make collages
radio or in live performances. incorporating photos, stickers, text, and frames.
POPULAR MUSIC 3. Photo Grid-a downloadable application for android
phones that allows you to make collages out of images
1. Ballad
from your photo gallery
2. Rock and Roll - The greatest exponent of the rock
4. Doodle Boot- an iPad application that enables you
and roll style was the legendary Elvis Presley
to "doodle" on your images using your available
3. Disco Music - pertained to rock music that was stickers.
more Danceable
5. Photo Booth-an application for taking photos and
4. Hip Hop Music - is a stylized, highly rhythmic type videos using an iPad or iPad mini
of music that usually (but not always) includes
6. Magic Mirror Booth-an IPhone application that
portions of rhythmically chanted words called "rap."
allows you to take amusing, distorted images,
PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC simulating camera effects
Commonly termed as Original Pinoy Music or
7. Pic Monkey-a free online photo editing tool that
Original Philippine Music
provides filters, frames, text and effects to manipulate
1. Phil. Pop Music Rico J. Puno your images
2. Phil. Jazz-Boy Katindig. 8. Flipagram-a downloadable application that allows
you to "bring your photos to life" in short videos set to
3. Phil Alternative rock music Freddie Aguilar
music of your choice.
4. Phil. Rock-Pepe Smith, Parokyani Edgar
9. Picsart - free photo editor and drawing application,
5. Pinoy Rap-Francis Magalona as well as a social network for you to share your art
with others.
10. Snapseed - a photo application that enables you to
ARTS enhance, transform and share your photos
COMPUTER/DIGITAL ARTS 11.Instagram-a fast and fun way to share images with
Computer art or digital art first came on the scene in others
the early 1960s. Understandably,this was due to the
technology that was constantly developing and that COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGES
became available at that time. Thus, the early If you want to create original images from scratch, you
experimenters were not necessarily artists, but may make your own illustrations using specialized
engineers and scientists who had access to and programs for image generation and manipulation.
experience with the hardware needed. It was they who Examples of these would be Adobe Illustrator and
began to recognize the potential of artistic expression Corel Draw.
through the application of scientific and mathematical
Among such programs are:
principles. Geometric forms and repeating patterns
appear frequently. There were questions as to  GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
whether it was, in fact, "true art" since it made use of  Xara Extreme
electronic and mechanical devices, rather than the  Paint.net
artist's own hand, to produce the images and effects.  Inkscape
personal gadgets such as laptops, tablets, and android  Artweaver
phones have incorporated the artistic capabilities of the  Draw Plus
large-scale computers.  Pencil
 Paint Star
MOBILE PHONE ART
 Picasa

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 Smooth Draw Spray  Calf stretch

 Karbon  Knee bent/squat
 Adobe Photoshop Express
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
 Corel PaintShop Pro X5
is accomplished by making a lifetime commitment to
be physically active and have proper food selection.
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
another means of generating an original image is to WEIGHT LOSS STRATEGIES
capture it first as a digital file.
 Make a commitment to yourself
1. Point-and-shoot vs. DSLR  Incorporate exercise into the program
 Avoid automatic eating
a "point-and-shoot" type of digital camera which
 Stay busy
automatically makes all the adjustments in lighting,
 Eat slow at the table only
focus, zoom-in and zoom-out, even removal of "red
 Cut unnecessary items from your diet
eye" with the user being given some leeway for slight
 Do not serve more food than you should eat
adjustments. It offers image enhancement features like
 Think positive
adjusting color and brightness imbalances, as well as
sharpening or blurring the image HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF EXCESSIVE
BODY WEIGHT
2. Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera
 High blood pressure
This also provides the filmless and instant review
 Type 2 diabetes
features of a point-and shoot type but gives the
 Congestive heart failure
photographer a much more artistic freedom and control
 Obstructive sleep apnea and respiratory
to select the camera setting
problems
DIGITAL PAINTING  Poor female reproductive health (menstrual
is a method of creating an artwork using a computer. Irregularities)
still makes use of traditional painting mediums such as  Psychological disorders (depression, eating
acrylic paint, oils, ink, and watercolor and also applies disorders, distorted body image, discrimination
the pigment to traditional surfaces, such as canvas, and low self-esteem)
paper, polyester etc. But it does so by employing  Shortened life expectancy
computer software that drives a type of robot device  Gallbladder diseases
 Stoke
 Gout
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AN EFFECTIVE WARM UP EXERCISE EATING DISORDERS
SHOULD BE:
are illness that involves crucial disturbances in eating
 Increase blood flow of the muscle
behaviour
 increase muscle elasticity thought to stem from some environmental pressures.It
 Gently raise heart rate is characterized by an intense of becoming fat.
 Increase mental alertness
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
 Increase core body temperature
an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed
EXAMPLES OF WARM UP EXERCISE:
starvation to lose and maintain very low body weight
 Neck stretch
due to a false/distorted perception of being fat.
 Shoulder rolls
 Side arm stretch BULIMIA NERVOSA
 Tricep stretch
 Hamstring stretch an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge
 Quadriceps stretch eating and purging in an attempt to lose weight and/or
 Outer thigh stretch maintain very low weight.
 Inner thigh stretch BINGE-EATING DISORDER
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an eating disorder characterized by uncontrollable

episodes of eating excessive amount of food within a
FITNESS WALKING
relatively short time.
is generally considered as a moderate physical activity
EMOTIONAL EATING
but it is effective in monitoring metabolic fitness and
consumption of large quantities of food to suppress overall health. It must be done intensely enough to
negative emotions. elevate the heart rate to target zone level.
LEISURE (TIME)
time free from obligations, work, (paid and unpaid), MYTHS AND FALLACIES ABOUT WEIGHT
and task required for existing (sleeping. eating). TRAINING AND STRENGTH TRAINING
LEISURE (ACTIVITY)  females who lift weights will develop big,
bulky muscles like those of the males
activities that are not work-oriented or that do not
 muscle can turn to fat if a person stops lifting
involve life maintenance tasks such as housecleaning
 strength training reduces flexibility
or sleeping.
 strength and weight training will make you
PLAY slower and less coordinated
 elderly people should avoid strength training
is an imaginative intrinsically motivated, non- serious,  weight training is a good way to improve
freely chosen and actively engaging activity. cardiovascular fitness
 strength training is harmful to the growth and
development of adolescents
BENEFITS OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES  female muscles will not develop strength
 strength training has few benefits for women
 Enhances personal growth
and will only detract from their personal
 Helps to build self-esteem and confidence
appearance
 Reduces tension and anxiety
 strength training slows down the aging process
 Encourages spiritual renewal and personal
of men more than women.
growth
 Increases mental relaxation.
 Generates a general sense of well-being
 Teacher positive conflict resolution skills BENEFITS OF YOGA EXERCISE
 Provides alternatives to self-destructive  increases respiratory efficiency
behaviors  improves posture and balance
FITT PRINCIPLE  increases one's endurance and energy
 Improves one's memory, concentration mood
FREQUENCY and self-actualization
 decreases anxiety and depression
refers to how often you involve yourself in regular
 Is relaxing, and has slow dynamic and static
physical activity or exercise.
movements
INTENSITY  has a low risk of injuring the muscles and the
ligaments
refers to how hard you should exercise or the level of  increases one's flexibility and is good for
difficulty of your physical activity time. muscle toning
TIME  is the best way to build core strength
 tests mental endurance and physical stamina
refers to how long you should engage in a specific  is a good form of meditation
physical activity.
TYPE
BENEFITS OF HIP-HOP AEROBICS
refers to the kind of exercise or physical activity you
should engage in.  calorie and fat burning workout
 Improve coordination, flexibility and agility
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 increase aerobic fitness especially to poor beneficiaries. However, the

 improve stamina and endurance Act provisions also that the government must
 encourage confidence respect the citizen's Individual preferences and
 develop social skills and values choices of family planning method.
 promotes a positive mindset
Pillar 4: Responsible Parenthood
 improve mental functioning
 couples determine their ideal family size. In
addition, the government shall equip each
HEALTH parent with needed information in all aspect of
family life, reproductive health and this pillar.
HEALTH TRENDS, ISSUES AND CONCERNS IN
THE NATIONAL LEVEL AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7394 OR THE CONSUMER  it is caused by human immunodeficiency virus
ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES has three objectives: (HIV) which usually does not have symptoms
in its early stages.
1. Protect the interest of the consumer
 "People with HIV were diagnosed as having
2. Promote his/her general welfare
AIDS only when they developed blood
3. Establish standards of conduct for business
infections, the cancer known as Kaposi's
and Industry
sarcoma, or any of the 21 other indicator
REPUBLIC ACT 8423 OR THE TRADITIONAL diseases"
AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ACT (TAMA)  HIV is highly infectious through unprotected
sexual, intercourse, breastfeeding, and blood
provides for the improvement of quality and delivery transfusion/injecting drugs (needles used for
of healthcare services in the country through the infected patients).
development of traditional and alternative healthcare  There are several treatment options for HIV
and its integration into the national healthcare system. and AIDS nut no known cure yet.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8504 OR THE PHILIPPINE
defined as a state of physical, mental, and social well- AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT OF
being in all matters relating to the reproductive system, 1998 WAS PASSED BY THE CONGRESSS ON
at all stages of life. JULY 28, 1997.

RA 10354 OR RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 OR THE

AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ACT COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT
OF 2002
THE RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ACT builds its protects citizens from the harmful effects of dangerous
foundation on 4 pillars: drugs to their physical and mental well- being.

Pillar 1: Informed Choice REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9211 OR THE TOBACCO

REGULATION ACT OF 2003
 As stated in the Act, effective and quality
reproductive healthcare services, which are  protects people from the sale, use and
ethically and medically safe, legal, accessibile advertisements of hazardous tobacco products.
and affordable shall be given primacy to  the Act absolutely bans smoking in public
ensure the health of the mother and child. places.
 restricts access to sale of tobacco products to
Pillar 2: Respect for Life minors
 The act recognizes that abortion is illegal and Peer influence also concerns you as adolescents. You
punishable by law. are in the developmental stage wherein you build
lasting relationships with peers. Here are some
Pillar 3: Birth Control
issuesthat you may encounter.
 Reproductive healthcare, information and
1. Cybercrime
supplies shall be made available most

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 "Cyber refers to a computer or a computer Pollution and road safety are two of the most usual
network, electronic medium in which online issues that concern you as a member of your
communication takes place". community.
 Cybercrime is simply any crime committed in
1. Pollution
cyberspace.
With the exponential growth in population, more
resources are being demanded and supplied to the
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10175 OR THE people. However, people do not manage these
CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012 resourcesproperly.
the law mandates the prohibition of cybersex, child REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9512 OR THE NATIONAL
pornography, unsolicited commercial communications ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND
and computer related identity theft. EDUCATION ACT OF 2008
2. Child Pornography 2. Road Safety
In relation to cybercrime, child pornography has Road accidents are one of the most frequent causes of
become a pressing concern of this generation. death among Filipinos. To respond to this alarming
situation, citizens are protected by law through these
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9775 OR THE ANTI-CHILD
Republic Acts.
PORNOGRAPHY ACT OF 2009
REPUBLIC ACT NO 8750 OR THE SEAT BELTS
Child pornography refers to any representation,
USE ACT OF 1999
whether visual, audio or written combination thereof,
by electronic, mechanical, digital, optical, magnetic or  aims to secure and safeguard passengers and
any means of child engaged or involved in real or drivers of motor vehicles from injuries and
simulated explicit sexual activities. other effects of vehicular accidents.
 prohibits children from sitting in the front seat
3. Hazing
of any motor vehicle.
Fraternities and sororities, gangs and social groups are
REPUBLIC ACT NO 10586 OR THE ANTI-
starting to become more and more identified and
DRUNK AND DRUGGED DRIVING LAW
publicized. Hazing may be an option to test an
"applicants" willingness and commitment. penalizes those who will be caught driving under the
influence of alcohol, drugs and other similar
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8949 OR THE ANTI
substances.
HAZING LAW
the act penalizes those who will go too far during
initiation rites wherein the "applicant" is subjected to
severe physical and emotional pain and suffering.
4. Blood Donation
being proactive citizens of the country, you must
willingly help others in ways that will not harm you.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7719 OR THE NATIONAL
BLOOD SERVICES ACT OF 1994
aims to promote and encourage voluntary blood
donation by the citizenry, provide for adequate, safe
and affordable and equitable distribution of blood and
blood products.
Safety in the Environment