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Atomic Structure

1. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. 2. The atomic number is the number of protons, and the mass number is the total of protons and neutrons. 3. The number of electrons equals the number of protons to maintain neutral charge.

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Cymon Montes
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19 views25 pages

Atomic Structure

1. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. 2. The atomic number is the number of protons, and the mass number is the total of protons and neutrons. 3. The number of electrons equals the number of protons to maintain neutral charge.

Uploaded by

Cymon Montes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atomic Structure

HELIUM ATOM
Shell
proton

+
N
-
+
- N

electron neutron

What do these particles consist of?


Bohr’s Atom

electrons in orbits

nucleus
ATOMIC STRUCTURE

He
2 Atomic number
the number of protons in an atom

4 Atomic mass
the number of protons and
neutrons in an atom

number of electrons = number of protons


ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or Shells

around the nucleus of an atom.

• first shell a maximum of 2 electrons

• second shell a maximum of 8 electrons

• third shell a maximum of 18 electrons


ATOMIC STRUCTURE

There are two ways to represent the atomic structure

of an element or compound;

1. Electronic Configuration

2. Dot & Cross Diagrams


ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

With electronic configuration elements are represented

numerically by the number of electrons in their shells and

number of shells. For example;

Nitrogen configuration = 2 , 5

N
2 in 1st shell
2 + 5 = 7
5 in 2nd shell
14
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

Write the electronic configuration for the following


elements;

20 11 8
a) Ca b) Na c) O
23 16
40

2,8,8,2 2,8,1 2,6

17 14 5
d) Cl e) Si f) B 11
35 28

2,8,7 2,8,4 2,3


DOT & CROSS DIAGRAMS

With Dot & Cross diagrams elements and compounds

are represented by Dots or Crosses to show electrons,

and circles to show the shells. For example;


X

N
Nitrogen X X N X X 7

14
XX
DOT & CROSS DIAGRAMS

Draw the Dot & Cross diagrams for the following


elements;
8 17
X
a) O b) Cl 35 X X
16 X
X X X
X
X X X X Cl X X X
X O X
X X
X X X
X X X
X
How do the subatomic particles
balance each other?
• In an atom:
– The protons = the electrons
• If 20 protons are present in an atom then 20
electrons are there to balance the overall
charge of the atom—atoms are neutral
– The neutrons have no charge; therefore
they do not have to equal the number of
protons or electrons
How do we know the number of
subatomic particles in an atom?
• Atomic number: this number indicates the
number of protons in an atom
– Ex: Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1
• So hydrogen has 1 proton
– Ex: Carbon’s atomic number is 6
• So carbon has 6 protons
**The number of protons identifies the
atom.
Ex. 2 protons = He, 29 protons = Cu
How do we know the number of
subatomic particles in an atom?
• Mass number: the number of protons
and neutrons in the nucleus
– Ex: hydrogen can have a mass of 3.
Since it has 1 proton it must have 2
neutrons

– # of neutrons = mass # - atomic #


Determining the number of
protons and neutrons
• Li has a mass number of 7 and an atomic
number of 3
– Protons = 3 (same as atomic #)
– Neutrons= 7-3 = 4 (mass # - atomic #)
• Ne has a mass number of 20 and an
atomic number of 10
– Protons = 10
– Neutrons = 20 - 10= 10
What about the electrons?
• The electrons are equal to the number
of protons
– So e- = p = atomic #
• Ex: He has a mass # of 4 and an atomic
# of 2
– p+ = 2
– no = 2
– e- = 2
Determine the number of
subatomic particles in the
following:

• Cl has a mass # of 35 and an atomic #


of 17
– p+ = 17, no = 18, e- = 17
• K has a mass # of 39 and an atomic #
of 19
– P+ = 19, no = 20 e- = 19
ATOMIC SYMBOLS

Atomic number Z A
Mass Number A Z Symbol

Z = no. of proton
A = no. of neutron + no. of proton (Z)
A –Z = No. of neutrons
How exactly are the particles
arranged?
• Bohr Model of the atom:
Reviewers think this could lead to misconceptions!
All of the
protons and
the neutrons
The 3rd ring
can hold up
to 18 e- The 1st ring can
The 4th ring hold up to 2 e-
and any after The 2nd ring can
can hold up to hold up to 8 e-
32 e-
What does carbon look like?
Mass # = 12 atomic # = 6

6 p and 6 n live
in the nucleus

p+ = 6 no = 6 e- = 6
SUMMARY
1. The Atomic Number of an atom = number of
protons in the nucleus.

2. The Atomic Mass of an atom = number of


Protons + Neutrons in the nucleus.

3. The number of Protons = Number of Electrons.

4. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells.

5. Each shell can only carry a set number of electrons.


Symbols
! Find each of these:
a) number of protons

Br
b) number of neutrons 80
c) number of electrons
35
d) Atomic number
e) Mass Number
Symbols
! If an element has an atomic
number of 34 and a mass
number of 78, what is the:
a) number of protons
b) number of neutrons
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol
Symbols
! If an element has 91
protons and 140 neutrons
what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of electrons
d) complete symbol
Symbols
! If an element has 78
electrons and 117 neutrons
what is the
a) Atomic number
b) Mass number
c) number of protons
d) complete symbol

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