PHP Variables
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In PHP, a variable is declared using a $ sign followed by the variable name. Here, some imp
variables:
o As PHP is a loosely typed language, so we do not need to declare the data types of t
analyzes the values and makes conversions to its correct datatype.
o After declaring a variable, it can be reused throughout the code.
o Assignment Operator (=) is used to assign the value to a variable.
Syntax of declaring a variable in PHP is given below:
1. $variablename=value;
Rules for declaring PHP variable:
o A variable must start with a dollar ($) sign, followed by the variable name.
o It can only contain alpha-numeric character and underscore (A-z, 0-9, _).
o A variable name must start with a letter or underscore (_) character.
o A PHP variable name cannot contain spaces.
o One thing to be kept in mind that the variable name cannot start with a number or special
o PHP variables are case-sensitive, so $name and $NAME both are treated as different variab
PHP Variable: Declaring string, integer, and float
Let's see the example to store string, integer, and float values in PHP variables.
File: variable1.php
1. <?php
2. $str="hello string";
3. $x=200;
4. $y=44.6;
5. echo "string is: $str <br/>";
6. echo "integer is: $x <br/>";
7. echo "float is: $y <br/>";
8. ?>
Output:
string is: hello string
integer is: 200
float is: 44.6
PHP Variable: Sum of two variables
File: variable2.php
1. <?php
2. $x=5;
3. $y=6;
4. $z=$x+$y;
5. echo $z;
6. ?>
Output:
11
PHP Variable: case sensitive
In PHP, variable names are case sensitive. So variable name "color" is different from Color, COLOR
File: variable3.php
1. <?php
2. $color="red";
3. echo "My car is " . $color . "<br>";
4. echo "My house is " . $COLOR . "<br>";
5. echo "My boat is " . $coLOR . "<br>";
6. ?>
Output:
My car is red
Notice: Undefined variable: COLOR in C:\wamp\www\variable.php on line 4
My house is
Notice: Undefined variable: coLOR in C:\wamp\www\variable.php on line 5
My boat is
PHP Variable: Rules
PHP variables must start with letter or underscore only.
PHP variable can't be start with numbers and special symbols.
File: variablevalid.php
1. <?php
2. $a="hello";//letter (valid)
3. $_b="hello";//underscore (valid)
4.
5. echo "$a <br/> $_b";
6. ?>
Output:
hello
hello
File: variableinvalid.php
1. <?php
2. $4c="hello";//number (invalid)
3. $*d="hello";//special symbol (invalid)
4.
5. echo "$4c <br/> $*d";
6. ?>
Output:
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '4' (T_LNUMBER), expecting variable (T_VARIABLE
or '$' in C:\wamp\www\variableinvalid.php on line 2
PHP: Loosely typed language
PHP is a loosely typed language, it means PHP automatically converts the variable to its correct d
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Type System ¶
PHP uses a nominal type system with a strong behavioral subtyping relation. The
subtyping relation is checked at compile time whereas the verification of types is
dynamically checked at run time.
PHP's type system supports various atomic types that can be composed together to
create more complex types. Some of these types can be written as type declarations.
Atomic types ¶
Some atomic types are built-in types which are tightly integrated with the language and
cannot be reproduced with user defined types.
The list of base types is:
o Built-in types
o null type
o Scalar types:
o bool type
o int type
o float type
o string type
o array type
o object type
o resource type
o never type
o void type
o Relative class types: self, parent, and static
o Value types
o false
o true
o User-defined types (generally referred to as class-types)
o Interfaces
o Classes
o Enumerations
o callable type
Composite types ¶
It is possible to combine multiple atomic types into composite types. PHP allows types
to be combined in the following ways:
o Intersection of class-types (interfaces and class names).
o Union of types.
Intersection types ¶
An intersection type accepts values which satisfies multiple class-type declarations,
rather than a single one. Individual types which form the intersection type are joined by
the & symbol. Therefore, an intersection type comprised of the types T, U, and V will be
written as T&U&V.
Union types ¶
A union type accepts values of multiple different types, rather than a single one.
Individual types which form the union type are joined by the | symbol. Therefore, a
union type comprised of the types T, U, and V will be written as T|U|V. If one of the
types is an intersection type, it needs to be bracketed with parenthesis for it to written
in DNF: T|(X&Y).
Type aliases ¶
PHP supports two type aliases: mixed and iterable which corresponds to the union
type of object|resource|array|string|float|int|bool|null and Traversable|
array respectively.
Nota: PHP does not support user-defined type aliases.
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Tipos
Introducción
Type System
NULO
Booleanos
Números enteros (Integers)
Números de punto flotante
Cadenas de caracteres (Strings)
Numeric strings
Arrays
Objetos
Enumerations
Recursos
Llamadas de retorno (Callbacks / Callables)
Mixed
Void
Never
Relative class types
Value types
Iterables
Declaraciones de tipo
Manipulación de tipos
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