DERIVATIVE of HYPERBOLIC and INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Definition of Hyperbolic Functions

The hyperbolic functions are defined as combinations of the

exponential functions 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑒 −𝑥 .

The basic hyperbolic functions are the hyperbolic sine function and
the hyperbolic cosine function. They are defined as follows:

𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
sin h 𝑥 = , cos h 𝑥 = .
2 2
The other hyperbolic functions 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑥, 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑥, 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑥 are
obtained from 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 and 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 in exactly the same way as the
trigonometric functions 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 and 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 are defined in
terms of 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 and 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥:

sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥
tan h 𝑥 = cot h 𝑥 = 𝑥≠0
cosh 𝑥 sinh 𝑥
1 1
sec h 𝑥 = csc h 𝑥 = 𝑥≠0
cosh 𝑥 sinh 𝑥
Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions

The derivatives of hyperbolic functions can be easily found as these

functions are defined in terms of exponential functions. So, the
derivatives of the hyperbolic sine and hyperbolic cosine functions
are given by

𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑 sin h 𝑥 = 𝑑 = = cos h 𝑥
2 2

𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑 cos h 𝑥 = 𝑑 = = sin h 𝑥
2 2
We can easily obtain the derivative formula for the hyperbolic
tangent:
sin h 𝑥
𝑑 tan h 𝑥 =𝑑
cos h 𝑥
cos h 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑 sin h 𝑥 − sin h 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑 cos h 𝑥
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥
cos h 𝑥 ∙ cos h 𝑥 − sin h 𝑥 ∙ sin h 𝑥
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥
It is known that the hyperbolic sine and cosine are connected by
the relationship
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 = 1
Therefore, the derivative of the hyperbolic tangent is written as
1
𝑑 tanh 𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑥

Similarly, we can find the differentiation formulas for the other

hyperbolic functions:

𝑑 coth 𝑥 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑥

𝑑 sech 𝑥 = − sech 𝑥 tanh 𝑥

𝑑 csch 𝑥 = − csch 𝑥 coth 𝑥 𝑥≠0

As you can see, the derivatives of the hyperbolic functions are very
similar to the derivatives of trigonometric functions. However, it is
important to note the difference in signs!

If 𝑢 is a differentiable function of 𝑥,
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
a. 𝑑𝑥 sinh 𝑢 = cosh 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
b. 𝑑𝑥
cosh 𝑢 = sinh 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
c. tanh 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2 𝑑𝑢
d. coth 𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
e. sech 𝑢 = −sech 𝑢 tanh 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
f. 𝑑𝑥 csch 𝑢 = −csch 𝑢 coth 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Examples: Find the derivative of the following hyperbolic functions.

1
Ex. 1: 𝑦 = sin h 𝑥2 + 2
3

Solution:
1
𝑦 ′ = 3 cos h 𝑥 2 + 2 2𝑥
2𝑥
𝑦′ = cos h 𝑥2 + 2
3
Ex. 2: 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥
Solution:
𝑦 ′ = 2 sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 + 2 cosh 𝑥 sinh 𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 4 sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥

Ex. 3: 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ3 𝑥
Solution:

′ 2 2 1 −1 2
𝑦 = 3𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑥 𝑥
2

3
𝑦′ = 2 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ 2
𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ 2
𝑥
Ex. 4: 𝑦 = cosh 𝑥 3
Solution:
𝑦 ′ = sinh 𝑥 3 3𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑥 2 sinh 𝑥 3

Ex. 5: 𝑦 = coth 𝑥 3
Solution:
𝑦 ′ = −𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 3 3𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥 3
 1
Ex. 6: 𝑦 = coth 𝑥
Solution:
′ 21 1
𝑦 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ 𝑥 ∙ − 𝑥2
1 21
𝑦′ = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ 𝑥
𝑥2

Ex. 7: 𝑦 = ln sinh 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0

Solution:
1
𝑦 ′ = sinh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥

cosh 𝑥
𝑦′ = sinh 𝑥

𝑦 ′ = coth 𝑥
Ex. 8: 𝑦 = sinh tan 𝑥

Solution:
Using the chain rule, we obtain
𝑦 ′ = cosh tan 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

Ex. 9: 𝑦 = sinh ln 𝑥
Solution:
1
𝑦′ = cosh ln 𝑥 ∙𝑥

′ cosh ln 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥
Ex. 10: 𝑦 = 𝑥 sinh 𝑥 − cosh 𝑥

Solution:
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑 sinh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥 ∙ 𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑑 cosh 𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 + sinh 𝑥 1 − sinh 𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 cosh 𝑥
Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

For a differentiable function 𝑢,

𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
a. arcsinh 𝑢 = ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑢2 + 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
b. arccosh 𝑢 = ∙ , u>1
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 − 1 𝑑𝑥
2

𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
c. arctanh 𝑢 = 2 ∙ , 𝑢 <1
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
d. arccoth 𝑢 = 2 ∙ , 𝑢 >1
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑢
e. arcsech 𝑢 = ∙ , 0<𝑢<1
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 1 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥2

𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑢
f. arccsch 𝑢 = ∙ , 0<𝑢<1
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 1 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2
Examples: Find the derivative of the following inverse hyperbolic
functions.

1
Ex. 1: 𝑦 = arctan h
𝑥

Solution:
1 1 1 1
𝑦′ = 2 − 2 = − 2
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
1− 𝑥 1− 2
𝑥

2
′
1 1 𝑥 1
𝑦 = 2 − 2 = 2 − 2
𝑥 −1 𝑥 𝑥 −1 𝑥
𝑥2
1 1
𝑦′ = − =
𝑥 2 −1 1−𝑥 2
 1
Ex. 2: 𝑦 = arctan h 𝑥 2

Solution:

1 1
𝑦′ = 1 2
−2𝑥 −3 = 1 −2𝑥 −3
1− 1− 4
𝑥2 𝑥

4
′
1 −3
𝑥 2
𝑦 = 4 −2𝑥 = 4 − 3
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1 𝑥
𝑥4
2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑦 ′ = − 𝑥 4 −1 = 1−𝑥 4
 1
Ex. 3: 𝑦 = arcsin h 2 𝑥

Solution:

1 1
𝑦′ =
𝑥 2 2
+1
2

1 1
𝑦′ = =
𝑥2 𝑥2 +4
2 4 +1 2 4

1
𝑦′ =
𝑥2 +4
2
2

1
𝑦′ =
𝑥 2 +4
Ex. 4: 𝑦 = arcsec h cos 𝑥

Solution:
−1
𝑦′ = − sin 𝑥
cos 𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥

sin 𝑥
𝑦′ =
cos 𝑥 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥

But: 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

′ sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑦 = =
cos 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥

1
𝑦′ =
cos 𝑥

𝑦 ′ = sec 𝑥