Ministry of Higher

Education and
Scientific Research

Advanced Mass Transfer

Master Course

By
Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham Wiheeb

2020 - 2021
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Chapter 18

Concentration Distributions in Solids and in Laminar Flow

In this chapter we show how steady-state diffusion problems may be formulated by

shell mass balances. The procedure used here is almost the same as that used previously:

a. A mass balance is made over a thin shell perpendicular to the direction of mass
transport, and this shell balance leads to a first-order differential equation, which may
be solved to get the mass flux distribution.

b. We insert the relation between mass flux and concentration gradient, which results in a
second-order differential equation for the concentration profile. The integration
constants that appear in the resulting expression are determined by the boundary
conditions on the concentration and/or mass flux at the bounding surfaces.

∗ We will use in this chapter the combined flux, 𝐍𝐀 , that is the number of moles of 𝑨
that go through a unit area in unit time.

In this chapter we study diffusion in both nonreacting and reacting systems. When
chemical reactions occur, we distinguish between two reaction types: homogeneous, in
which the chemical change occurs in the entire volume of the fluid, and heterogeneous, in
which the chemical change takes place only in a restricted region, such as the surface of a
catalyst. Not only is the physical picture different for homogeneous and heterogeneous
reactions, but there is also a difference in the way the two types of reactions are described
mathematically. The rate of production of a chemical species by homogeneous reaction
appears as a source term in the differential equation obtained from the shell balance, just as
the thermal source term appears in the shell energy balance. The rate of production by a
heterogeneous reaction, on the other hand, appears not in the differential equation, but rather
in the boundary condition at the surface on which the reaction occurs.

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Rate of homogeneous reaction:

𝒏
𝑹𝑨 = 𝒌′′′
𝒏 𝒄𝑨

Where:

𝑹𝑨 ∶ is the rate of reaction (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠⁄𝑐𝑚3 . 𝑠).

𝒄𝑨 ∶ is the concentration of species 𝐴 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠⁄𝑐𝑚3 ).
𝒏 ∶ is the order of the reaction.
𝒌′′′
𝒏 : is the reaction constant for 𝒏 order .

𝒌′′′
𝟏 : is the reaction constant for 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 order (1⁄𝑠).

𝒌′′′ 3
𝟐 : is the reaction constant for 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 order (𝑐𝑚 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒. 𝑠).

Rate of heterogeneous reaction:

For heterogeneous reactions, the molar rate of production at the reaction surface may
often be specified by a relation of the form:

𝒏
(𝑵𝑨𝒛 )𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 = (𝒌′′
𝒏 𝒄𝑨 )𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆

Where:

𝑵𝑨𝒛 ∶ is the mole flux of species 𝐴 in the z − direction (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠⁄𝑐𝑚2 . 𝑠).

𝒌′′
𝒏 ∶ is the reaction constant for 𝒏 order .

𝒌′′
𝟏 ∶ is the reaction constant for 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 order (𝑐𝑚⁄𝑠).

Note:
The triple prime on the rate constant (𝒌′′′
𝒏 ) indicates a volume source and the double
′′
prime (𝒌𝒏 ) a surface source.

18.1 Shell mass balances; boundary conditions

The diffusion problems are solved by making mass balances for one or more chemical
species over a thin shell of solid or fluid. The law of conservation of mass of species A in a
binary system is written over the volume of the shell in the form:

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

The conservation statement be expressed in terms of moles. The chemical species A

may enter or leave the system by diffusion (i.e., by molecular motion and convection), both
of these being included in NA . In addition, species A may be produced or consumed by
homogeneous chemical reactions.

As a result of the material balance a differential equation for the mass (or molar) flux
is generated. We substitute the expression for the mass (or molar) flux in terms of the
concentration gradient, we get a differential equation for the concentration. When this
differential equation has been integrated, constants of integration appear, and these have to be
determined by the use of boundary conditions:

a. The concentration at a surface can be specified; for example, xA = xA0 .

b. The mass flux at a surface can be specified; for example, NAz = NA0 .
c. If diffusion is occurring in a solid, it may happen that at the solid surface substance A is
lost to a surrounding stream according to the relation.

𝑵𝑨𝟎 = 𝒌𝒄 (𝒄𝑨𝟎 − 𝒄𝑨𝒃 )

Where:

𝑁𝐴0 ∶ is the molar flux at the surface.

𝑐𝐴0 ∶ is the surface concentration.
𝑐𝐴𝑏 ∶ is the concentration in the bulk fluid stream.
𝑘𝑐 ∶ is the mass transfer coefficient.

d. The rate of chemical reaction at the surface can be specified. For example, if substance
A disappears at a surface by a first-order chemical reaction, then:

𝑵𝑨𝟎 = 𝒌′′
𝟏 𝒄𝑨𝟎

18.2 Diffusion through a stagnant gas film

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Let us now analyze the diffusion system shown in Fig. 18.2-1:

• liquid A is evaporating into gas B in some device that maintains the liquid level at
z = z1 .
• At the liquid-gas interface, the gas-phase concentration of A, expressed as mole
fraction (𝒙𝑨𝟏 ).
• The gas-phase concentration of A (𝒙𝑨𝟏 ) corresponding to equilibrium with the liquid
at the interface.
𝒗𝒂𝒑
𝒑
𝒙𝑨𝟏 = 𝑨
𝒑
Where:

𝑝𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑝 ∶ is the vapor pressure of A.

𝑝 ∶ is the total pressure.

• Suppose that A and B form is an ideal gas mixture (at constant temperature and
pressure) and that the solubility of gas B in liquid A is negligible.
• A stream of gas mixture A - B of concentration 𝒙𝑨𝟐 flows slowly past the top of the
tube, to maintain the mole fraction of A at 𝒙𝑨𝟐 for z = z2.

When this evaporating system attains a steady state, there is a net motion of A away from the
interface and the species B is stationary.

𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴 = −𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 + 𝑥𝐴 (𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐵 ) , 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 → 𝑁𝐵 = 0
𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴 (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = −𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑑𝑧
−𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴 = (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟏)
1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑧
The amount of A entering at plane z equals the amount of A leaving at plane z + Δz:

𝑆 (𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧 = 𝑆 (𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧+Δz (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟐)

Where: 𝑆 = is the cross-sectional area of the column

Division by (𝑆 Δz) and taking the limit as Δz → 0 gives:

𝑑𝑁𝐴𝑧
− =0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟑)
𝑑𝑧
Substitution of Eq. 18.2-1 into Eq. 18.2-3 gives:
𝑑 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
( )=0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟒)
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑧

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

For an ideal gas mixture the equation of state is (𝒑 = 𝒄 𝑹𝑻), so that at constant temperature
and pressure 𝒄 must be a constant. Furthermore, for gases 𝑫𝑨𝑩 is very nearly independent
of the composition. Therefore, can be moved to the left of the derivative operator to get:

𝑑 1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
( )=0 → This is 2nd order defferential equation (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟓)
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑧

Integration with respect to z gives:

1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
= 𝐶1 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟔)
1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑧
A second Integration then gives:

− ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = 𝐶1 𝑧 + 𝐶2 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟕)

If we replace: 𝐶1 = − ln 𝐾1

𝐶2 = − ln 𝐾2

1 − 𝑥𝐴 = 𝐾1𝑧 𝐾2 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟖)

Where: 𝐾1 & 𝐾2 determined from boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧 = 𝑧1 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴1 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟗)

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧 = 𝑧2 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴2 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎)

The final expression is:

𝑧−𝑧1
1 − 𝑥𝐴 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 𝑧2−𝑧1
( )=( ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏)
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1
or:
𝑧−𝑧1
𝑥𝐵 𝑥𝐵2 𝑧2−𝑧1
( )=( )
𝑥𝐵1 𝑥𝐵1

The average concentration of B in the region between 𝒛𝟏 and 𝒛𝟐 is obtained as follows:

In which ζ = (𝑧 − 𝑧1 )/(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) is a dimensionless length variable. This average may

be rewritten as:

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑎𝑡 𝑧 = 𝑧1 → ζ =0

𝑎𝑡 𝑧 = 𝑧2 → ζ =1

dζ = 1/(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )
𝑥𝐵2 − 𝑥𝐵1
𝑥𝐵,𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑)
ln (𝑥𝐵2 ⁄𝑥𝐵1 )

Where: 𝑥𝐵,𝑎𝑣𝑔 = is the logarithmic mean (𝑥𝐵 )ln of the terminal concentration.

The rate of mass transfer at the liquid-gas interface (is the rate of evaporation) which can be
obtained from Eq. 18.2-1 as follows:

By combining Eqs. 18.2-13 and 14 we get finally:

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑥𝐵2 − 𝑥𝐵1 = 𝑥𝐴1 − 𝑥𝐴2

Eq. 18.2-15 can be expressed in terms of partial pressure as follows:

𝑝 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ⁄𝑅𝑇 𝑝𝐵2

(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=𝑧1 = ln
𝑧2 − 𝑧1 𝑝𝐵1

𝑝 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ⁄𝑅𝑇
= (𝑝𝐵2 − 𝑝𝐵1 )
(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) (𝑝𝐵 )
ln

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: (𝑝𝐵 )ln = is the logarithmic mean pressure

(𝑝𝐵 ) 𝑝𝐵2 − 𝑝𝐵1

= 𝑝
ln ln 𝐵2
𝑝𝐵1

𝑝 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ⁄𝑅𝑇
(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=𝑧1 = (𝑝𝐴1 − 𝑝𝐴2 )
(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) (𝑝𝐵 )ln

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Example 18.2-1: Diffusion with a moving interface

In stead of maintaining the liquid-gas interface at a constant height, we allow the liquid
level to subside as the evaporation proceeds, as shown in Fig. 18.2-3. Since the liquid retreats
very slowly, we can use a quasi-steady state method with confidence.

Solution:
the molar rate of evaporation of A from the liquid phase = the rate at which moles of A
enter the gas phase:

Here: 𝝆(𝑨) = is the density of pure liquid 𝑨

𝑴𝑨 = is the molecular weight of liquid 𝑨
𝑺 = is the cross section area

In which: 𝒉(𝒕) = 𝒛𝟏 (𝟎) − 𝒛𝟏 (𝒕)

= is the distance that the interface has descended in time 𝒕

In which: 𝑯 = 𝒛𝟐 − 𝒛𝟏 (𝟎) = is the initial height of the gas column

𝟏
When we abbreviate the right side of Eq. 18.2-18 by (𝟐 𝑪𝒕) the equation can be integrated
and then solved for h to give:

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Example 18.2-2: Determination of diffusivity

Solution:

Let: 𝑨 = CCl4 and 𝑩 = O2

Given that: 𝝆(𝑨) = 1.59 gm⁄cm3 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑴𝑨 = 154 gm⁄gmol

The molar flux of A is:

Example 18.2-3: Diffusion through a nonisothermal spherical film

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Solution:

A steady-state mass balance on a spherical shell leads to:

Input – Output = Accumulation

(𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟 . 4𝜋 𝑟 2 − (𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟+∆𝑟 . 4𝜋 (𝑟 + ∆𝑟)2 = 0 ÷ 4𝜋 ∆𝑟

(𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟 . 𝑟 2 − (𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟+∆𝑟 . 𝑟 2

=0 Taking the limit ∆𝑟 → 0
∆𝑟
𝑑 2
− (𝑟 𝑁𝐴𝑟 ) = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒)
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑟 = −𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 + 𝑥𝐴 (𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐵 ) , since stagnant diffusion → 𝑁𝐵 = 0
𝑑𝑟
−𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑟 = (𝟏)
1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟
Substituting Eq.(1) into Eq.(18.2.24) gives:
𝑑 −𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴 2
− ( .𝑟 ) = 0 ÷ 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓)
𝑑𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

𝑑 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑥𝐴 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑥𝐴
( )=0 → by first integration → = 𝐶1
𝑑𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

𝑑𝑥𝐴 𝐶1 −𝐶1
= 2 𝑑𝑟 → by second integration → −ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = + 𝐶2
1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑟 𝑟

Where: 𝐶1 & 𝐶2 are determined from boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑟1 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴1

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑟2 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴2
−𝐶1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ) = + 𝐶2 (𝟐)
𝑟1
−𝐶1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) = + 𝐶2 (𝟑)
𝑟2
Subtraction Eq.(3) by Eq.(2) gives:

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨𝟐
1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 1 𝐥𝐧 ( )
𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨𝟏
ln ( ) = 𝐶1 ( − ) → 𝑪𝟏 =
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 𝑟2 𝑟1 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒓 − 𝒓 )
𝟐 𝟏

𝐶1
𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐄𝐪. (𝟐) → 𝐶2 = − ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 )
𝑟1

𝟏−𝒙
𝐥𝐧 (𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨𝟐 ) 𝟏
𝑨𝟏
→ 𝑪𝟐 = . − 𝐥𝐧 (𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨𝟏 )
𝟏 𝟏
(𝒓 − 𝒓 ) 𝒓𝟏
𝟐 𝟏

Substituting 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐 into the equation below:

−𝐶1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = + 𝐶2
𝑟
1−𝑥 1−𝑥
ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) 1 ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) 1
𝐴1 𝐴1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = − + − ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 )
1 1 1 1
(𝑟 − 𝑟 ) 𝑟 (𝑟 − 𝑟 ) 𝑟1
2 1 2 1

1−𝑥 1 1
ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) 1 1
1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝐴1 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑟 − 𝑟1 1 − 𝑥𝐴2
ln ( )= ( − ) → ln ( )=[ ] ln ( )
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1 𝑟 𝑟1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1
(𝑟 − 𝑟 ) −
2 1 𝑟2 𝑟1
1 1
−
𝑟 𝑟1
[ 1 ]
1 − 𝑥𝐴 1− 𝑥𝐴2 𝑟 − 𝑟1
→ ln ( ) = ln ( ) 2 1
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1
1 1
−
𝑟 𝑟1
( 1 )
1 − 𝑥𝐴 1− 𝑥𝐴2 𝑟 − 𝑟1
→ =( ) 2 1
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1
1 1
−
𝑟1 𝑟
( )
1 − 𝑥𝐴 1− 𝑥𝐴2 𝑟1 − 𝑟1
→ =( ) 1 2 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟔)
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1

The molar flow of A across any spherical surface of radius 𝒓 between 𝒓𝟏 and 𝒓𝟐 is.

𝑾𝑨 = 𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟏 𝟐 (𝑵𝑨𝒓 )𝒓=𝒓𝟏

−𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑟 =
1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

−𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
(𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟=𝑟1 = ( ) , 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑟1 → 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴1
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 𝑑𝑟 𝑟=𝑟1

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

1 − 𝑥𝐴2
𝑑𝑥𝐴 𝐶1 𝑑𝑥𝐴 𝑙𝑛 ( )
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1
= (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) 2 → = (1 − 𝑥𝐴 )
1 1 2
𝑑𝑟 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 (𝑟 − 𝑟 ) 𝑟
2 1

we can get (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) from Eq. (18.2 − 26) and sustitute into the above equation to get:

1 1
−
𝑟1 𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴2
𝑑𝑥𝐴 1− 𝑥𝐴2
( 1 1) 𝑙𝑛 ( )
− 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1
→ = (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ) ( ) 𝑟1 𝑟2
𝑑𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1 2
(𝑟 − 𝑟 ) 𝑟
2 1

1−𝑥
𝑑𝑥𝐴 𝑙𝑛 (1 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) 1
𝐴1
→ ( ) = (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 )
1 1 2
𝑑𝑟 𝑟=𝑟1 (𝑟 − 𝑟 ) 𝑟1
2 1

1 1
−
𝑟1 𝑟1
( )
1− 𝑥𝐴2 𝑟1 − 𝑟1 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 0
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ∶ ( ) 1 2 =( ) =𝟏
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1

1 − 𝑥𝐴2
−𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ln ( )
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1
→ (𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟=𝑟1 = ( 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ) 1 1 2
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ( 𝑟 − 𝑟 ) 𝑟1
2 1
𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1
→ (𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟=𝑟1 =
1 1
ln ( )
(𝑟 − 𝑟 ) 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 𝑟1 2
1 2
𝑊𝐴 = 4𝜋 𝑟1 2 (𝑁𝐴𝑟 )𝑟=𝑟1

𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1
𝑊𝐴 = (4𝜋 𝑟1 2 ) ln ( )
1 1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 𝑟1 2
(𝑟 − 𝑟 )
1 2

𝟒𝝅 𝒄 𝑫𝑨𝑩 𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨𝟐
𝑾𝑨 = 𝐥𝐧 ( ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟕)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨𝟏
(𝒓 − 𝒓 )
𝟏 𝟐

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

From Eq.(18.2-22) and Eq.(18.2-23) we get:

3𝑛
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟 ( 2
)
=( ) (𝟒)
𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 𝑟1

𝑑 2
− (𝑟 𝑁𝐴𝑟 ) = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒)
𝑑𝑟
𝑑 −𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴 2
− ( .𝑟 ) = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓)
𝑑𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

𝑑 2 𝑝 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
(𝑟 )=0 (𝟓)
𝑑𝑟 𝑅𝑇 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

Substituting Eq.(4) and Eq.(18.2-22) into Eq.(5) gives:

3𝑛
𝑑 𝑝 𝑟1 𝑛 𝑟 ( 2
) 1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
(𝑟 2 ( ) 𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 ( ) )=0
𝑑𝑟 𝑅𝑇1 𝑟 𝑟1 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

𝑑 2 (𝑛 ) 1 𝑑𝑥𝐴 𝑑 𝑛 1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
(𝑟 𝑟 2 )=0 → ( 𝑟 ( 2+2) )
𝑑𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟
𝑛 1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
by first integration: → 𝑟 ( 2+2) = 𝐶1
1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

𝑑𝑥𝐴 𝑛
= 𝐶1 𝑟 −(2+2) 𝑑𝑟
1 − 𝑥𝐴
𝑛 1
by second integration: → −ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = 𝐶1 𝑟 −( 2+1) 𝑛 + 𝐶2
− (2 + 1)

1 1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = 𝐶1 𝑛 𝑛 + 𝐶2 (𝟔)
𝑟 ( 2+1) − (2 + 1)
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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Where: 𝐶1 & 𝐶2 are determined from boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑟1 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴1

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑟2 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴2

1 1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ) = 𝐶1 𝑛 𝑛 + 𝐶2 (𝟕)
𝑟1 ( 2+1) − (2 + 1)
1 1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) = 𝐶1 𝑛 𝑛 + 𝐶2 (𝟖)
𝑟2 ( 2+1) − (2 + 1)

Subtraction Eq.(8) from Eq.(7) gives:

1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 1 1
ln ( ) = 𝐶1 𝑛 ( 𝑛 − 𝑛 )
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 − ( 2 + 1) 𝑟1 ( 2+1) ( +1)
𝑟2 2

𝑛 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1
→ 𝐶1 = − ( + 1) ln ( )
2 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1
𝑛 − 𝑛
( 𝑟1 ( 2+1) 𝑟2 ( 2+1) )
Substituting 𝑪𝟏 into Eq.(7) gives:

𝑛 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 1 1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ) = − ( + 1) ln ( ) 𝑛 𝑛 + 𝑪𝟐
2 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1
𝑛 − 𝑛 𝑟1 ( 2+1) − (2 + 1)
( 𝑟1 ( 2+1) 𝑟2 ( 2+1) )

1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 1
𝑪𝟐 = −ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ) − ln ( ) 𝑛
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1 ( +1)
𝑛 − 𝑛 𝑟1 2
( 𝑟1 ( 2 +1) 𝑟2 ( 2+1) )
Substituting 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐 into Eq.(6) gives:
1 1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = 𝐶1 𝑛 𝑛 + 𝐶2 (𝟔)
𝑟 ( 2+1) − (2 + 1)

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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑛 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 1 1
−ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) = − ( + 1) ln ( ) 𝑛 𝑛
2 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1
𝑛 − 𝑛 𝑟 ( 2 +1) − (2 + 1)
( 𝑟1 ( 2+1) 𝑟2 ( 2+1) )

1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 1
− ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴1 ) − ln ( ) 𝑛
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 1
𝑛 − 𝑛 𝑟1 ( 2+1)
( 𝑟1 ( 2+1) 𝑟2 ( 2+1) )

𝑛 𝑛
1 − 𝑥𝐴 1 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 ( 2+1) 1 ( 2+1)
ln ( )= 𝑛 𝑛 ln ( ) [( ) − ( ) ] … (𝟗)
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 ( 2+1) 1 ( 2+1) 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 𝑟1 𝑟
(𝑟 ) − (𝑟 )
( 1 )
𝑑𝑥𝐴 1
= (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝑛 𝑪𝟏
𝑑𝑟 ( +2)
𝑟 2

𝑑𝑥𝐴 1 𝑛 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1
= (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝑛 [− ( + 1)] ln ( ) 𝑛 𝑛
𝑑𝑟 ( +2) 2 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 ( +1)
1 ( 2+1)
𝑟 2 2
(𝑟 ) − (𝑟 )
( 1 2 )
3𝑛
𝑝 𝑟1 𝑛 𝑟 ( 2
) 1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑟 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 ( ) ( )
𝑅𝑇1 𝑟 𝑟1 1 − 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑟

3𝑛
𝑝 𝑟1 𝑛 𝑟 ( 2
) 1
𝑁𝐴𝑟 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 ( ) ( ) (1
𝑅𝑇1 𝑟 𝑟1 (1 − 𝑥𝐴 )
[
𝑛
1 − 𝑥𝐴2 1 𝑛 1 (2) 1
− 𝑥𝐴 ) ln ( ) 𝑛 𝑛 [− ( + 1)] ( ) ( 2 )
1 − 𝑥𝐴1 1 ( 2+1) 1 ( 2+1) 2 𝑟 𝑟
( ) − (𝑟 )
( 𝑟1 2 ) ]

𝑝 𝑛 𝑛 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 𝑛
𝑁𝐴𝑟 = 𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 𝑟 ( 2) 𝑟1 −( 2) ln ( )(
𝑅𝑇1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 2
𝑛
1 (2) 1 1
+ 1) ( ) ( 2 ) 𝑛 𝑛
𝑟 𝑟 1 ( +1)
2 1 ( 2+1)
(𝑟 ) − (𝑟 )
( 1 2 )

𝑛 𝑛
𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 𝑝 𝑟 ( 2) 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 𝑛 1 (2) 1 1
𝑁𝐴𝑟 = ( ) ln ( ) ( + 1) ( ) ( 2 ) 𝑛 𝑛
𝑅 𝑇1 𝑟1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 2 𝑟 𝑟 1 ( +1)
2 1 ( 2+1)
(𝑟 ) − (𝑟 )
( 1 2 )
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Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑾𝑨 = 𝟒𝝅 𝒓𝟏 𝟐 (𝑵𝑨𝒓 )𝒓=𝒓𝟏

𝑛
2)
𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 𝑝 𝑟1 ( 2) 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 𝑛
𝑊𝐴 = (4𝜋 𝑟1 ( ) ln ( )(
𝑅 𝑇1 𝑟1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 2
𝑛
1 (2) 1 1
+ 1) ( ) ( 2 ) 𝑛 𝑛
𝑟1 𝑟1 1 ( +1)
2 1 ( 2+1)
(𝑟 ) − (𝑟 )
( 1 2 )

𝑛
𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 𝑝 1 − 𝑥𝐴2 𝑛 1 (2) 1
𝑊𝐴 = (4𝜋 ) ln ( ) ( + 1) ( ) 𝑛 𝑛
𝑅 𝑇1 1 − 𝑥𝐴1 2 𝑟1 1 ( +1)
2 1 ( 2+1)
(𝑟 ) − (𝑟 )
( 1 2 )
𝑛
4𝜋 (𝑝 𝐷𝐴𝐵,1 ⁄𝑅 𝑇1 ) [1 + (2)] 1 − 𝑥𝐴2
𝑊𝐴 = 𝑛 𝑛
ln ( ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎)
(1+( )) (1+( )) 𝑛 1 − 𝑥𝐴1
1 2 1 2
[(𝑟 ) − (𝑟 ) ] 𝑟1 ( 2)
1 2

16