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Chapter 4 Neo-Behavorism

Tolman's theory of purposive behaviorism bridges behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. It posits that learning is a cognitive process where organisms learn by pursuing signs to a goal. According to Tolman, organisms form a cognitive map of their environment which determines their goal-directed responses. Key concepts of his theory include latent learning, intervening variables, and that reinforcement is not essential for learning.

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Kyla Santiago Miguel
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44 views17 pages

Chapter 4 Neo-Behavorism

Tolman's theory of purposive behaviorism bridges behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning. It posits that learning is a cognitive process where organisms learn by pursuing signs to a goal. According to Tolman, organisms form a cognitive map of their environment which determines their goal-directed responses. Key concepts of his theory include latent learning, intervening variables, and that reinforcement is not essential for learning.

Uploaded by

Kyla Santiago Miguel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 4

Neo- Behavorism
By: Tolman and Bandura

KYLA S. MIGUEL
BTVTED 2 GFD
SHAPE OF
ME!!!
NEO-BEHAVIORISM
Bridges the gap between behaviorism and
cognitive theories of learning
EDWARD CHACE
TOLMAN
was an American psychologist
and a professor of psychology at
the University of California,
Berkeley.

Born: April 14, 1886, West Newton,


Massachusetts, United States

Died: November 19, 1959, Berkeley,


California, United States
PURPOSIVE
BEHAVIORISM
Purposive behaviorism has also been referred to as
Sign Learning Theory and is often seen as the
link between behaviorism and cognitive theory.

Tolman's theory was founded on two psychological


views: those of the Gestalt psychologists and
those of John Watson, the behaviorist.
TOLMAN PURPOSIVE BEHAVIORISM
Tolman believed that learning is a cognitive process which
means learning involves forming and obtaining knowledge
about the environment and then revealing the knowledge
through purposeful and goal directed behavior.

Tolman stated in his theory, that an organism


learns by pursuing signs to a goal,
“The stimuli are which are allowed in are not
connected by just simple one-to-one switches to
the outgoing response. Rather the incoming
impulses are usually worked over and elaborated in
the central control room into a tentative cognitive
like map of the environmental relationships.And it is
tentative map, indicating routes and paths and
environmental relationships, which finally
determines what response, if any, the animals we
finally make.
Tolman’s Key Concept
Goal-directed
Cognitive Map

Latent Learning
Intervening variable
Tolman’s Key Concept
Learning is always purposive and goal-
directed

individuals act on beliefs, attitudes,


changing conditions, and they strive
towards goals. Tolman saw behavior as
holistic, purposive, and cognitive
RIMBERIO CO

Cognitive map
learning the location of reward.Once an
individual has learned where a given kind of
reward is located, that location can often
be reached by means other than those
originally used.
Group 1: Rewarded
Day 1 – 17: Every
time they got
to end, given
food
(reinforced).
Rats Maze
Group 2: Delayed
Reward
Day 1 – 10: Every
time they got to
end, taken out.

Day 11 -17: Every


time they got to
end, given food
(reinforced).
Group 3: No reward
Day 1 – 17: Every
time they got to
end, taken out.
Latent Learning
is a kind of learning that remains or stays with the
individual until it needed. It is a learning that is not
outwardly manifested at once.

According to Tolman it can exist even without


reinforcement.
The concept of intervening variable
are variables that are not readily seen but serve as
determinants of behavior.
learning is mediated or is influenced by
expectations,perceptions, representations, needs and
other internal or environmental variables

Reinforcement not essential for learning.


Tolman concluded that reinforcement is not
essential for learning although it provides an
incentive for performance.

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