HURS107 - Week 3 Lecture - Final
HURS107 - Week 3 Lecture - Final
Internal Alignment
Internal alignment refers to the pay comparisons among jobs or skill levels inside an
organization. It is often referred to as internal equity (Milkovich, 2017). It determines
the differences in pay for each level of skill and work in the organization. Internal
alignment includes the following three steps of a compensation plan design: job
analysis, job evaluation, and pay policy.
Step 1: Job Analysis
The first step of compensation plan design is job analysis. Job analysis is a systematic
approach to gather information about job duties, skills, and responsibilities for a
particular job. It also helps establish a fair and aligned job structure. It can also describe
worker requirements (minimum qualifications needed to perform a job) or working
conditions (physical environment where the work will be performed) (Miklovich, 2017).
There are five steps to conduct a job analysis:
Interviews – the employee is asked to describe tasks and duties they perform.
Interviews allow the employee to describe tasks that cannot be observed.
However, a disadvantage to using this method is an employee may exaggerate
level of work or omit tasks that are being performed.
Questionnaires – the most used method to conduct a job analysis and the least
expensive. Questionnaires can ask a variety of questions but some of the
disadvantages include high non-response rates and inaccurate information
provided by the respondents.
Observations – this involves direct observation of employees performing their
jobs. One advantage is firsthand knowledge of job duties and work
environment. A disadvantage of observations is that the presence of an observer
may alter how the employee normally does their job.
After a job analysis is conducted, the job description (list of tasks and duties that make
up a job) and the job specification (list of knowledge, skills and behaviors needed to
perform a job) can be defined.
Step 2: Job Evaluation
The second step of compensation plan design is to conduct a job evaluation. Job
evaluation is a systematic approach used to determine pay structures and determine
which jobs should get more pay than others (Milkovich, 2017).
Five steps to conduct a job evaluation:
Gather job analysis data - this step involves capturing the similarities and
differences among the jobs along with job content.
Select compensable factors – compensable factors are the factors used to
determine pay. The most commonly used compensable factors are experience,
education, skills, responsibilities, and working conditions.
Develop the method – three common methods of a job evaluation are the ranking
method, classification method, and point method. You will learn more about
these methods later in this lesson.
Develop job structure – this step involves determining the job hierarchy, job
category, level, and choosing and assigning who will be the decision makers.
Determine wage structure – this step involves determining how and what an
employee will be paid based on one or more compensable factors.
(Milkovich, 2017).
Job evaluations enable employers to determine the worth of specific job titles using
various methods. We will cover the three basic methods: ranking, classification, and
point method. Please read the following article entitled, “What Are the Three Basic
Methods of Job Evaluation?” written by Kimberlee Leonard. While reading the article,
focus on the following:
Article Takeaways
The ranking method is the typical hierarchy in a company. This method ranks jobs in
order based on their perceived value. It is most commonly used in smaller companies
with fewer than 40 employees. An example of the ranking method would be the vice
president of operations over the marketing director. The classification method creates a
grading system for each job. The job position might be generic but the personal filling
the position has specific skills and specific duties. The classifications would then break
down that experience and education into three levels: level one, level two and level
three. The point method assigns points for individual job factors and then the points are
added up to get a point value for the job. It is most commonly used in large
organizations and is more expensive.
Step 3: Pay Policy
Pay Policy is the third step of compensation design. This step involves determining
whether an organization wants to lead, lag, or match the market in compensation
(Milkoich, 2017)
Market lead pay policy – Companies that use this policy pay their employees
more than most of their competitors. It maximizes the ability to attract and
retain quality employees and minimizes employee dissatisfaction with pay. It
can also be used to offset less favorable job duties.
Market lag pay policy – Companies that use this policy pay their employees less
than most of their competitors. It may prevent a company from attracting
employees. However, if future benefits/compensation is promised, it can
increase employee commitment and foster teamwork.
Market match pay policy – This is the most common pay policy companies use.
Companies that use this policy pay according to the current market rate.
(Milkovich, 2017).
Market-based pay structures are the most common type of pay structure. Please watch
the following 3:15-minute video called “Market Pricing” which was published on
YouTube by Gregg Learning. As you watch the video, keep in mind the following:
Lesson 1 Complete!
You have now completed the first lesson of this lecture. Please scroll down to complete
the Check Your Knowledge activity, in which you answer four True/False questions.
You will have unlimited attempts to do this activity, so do not worry if you do not get it
correct the first time. This is a non-graded activity.
Click the link below to read the article: How to Determine a Job’s Market Value?
Article Takeaways
Employers may ask a recruiter what the most recent hire into a similar position was
offered or they may instinctively choose a dollar amount to determine pay. They may
also look at compensation data from sources such as the Bureau of Labor and Statistics,
Salary.com or PayScale.com. There are downfalls to both approaches. Recruiters do
not provide broad enough information about labor statistic trends. Therefore,
executives who depend on this data risk hiring candidates that are not qualified and
causes excessive labor costs. The disadvantage to pulling a number out of the air is you
may end of paying too much or not paying enough, which is a risk of hiring someone
who cannot do the job. Another approach is to use salary surveys from firms like
Hewitt or free resources such as Salary.com. This will provide a well-rounded
perspective on salaries.
Select your data - Identify and select market data relevant to your organization.
When choosing surveys, use at least two or three salary sources to provide an
equal balance when analyzing data. The three primary types of surveys are:
traditional, aggregators and modern.
Age your data - Adjust selected data to a common point in time, if necessary. The
three steps to age the data include: 1) find the effective date of the survey and
decide on a target date, 2) decide on an annual adjustment factor or percentage,
3) calculate the portion of the factor used and 4) apply the aging factor of the
market data.
Weight your data - Increase influence of better data by giving it more weight.
Weight is an option and not a requirement for market analysis. To weight data,
first, choose percentage weight that will be assigned to each source. Then,
multiply the source market data by the percentage weight assigned to the source.
Last, add all the weight and numbers from each source together. This is your
weighted average.
After you complete these three steps, you can create your base pay structure.
Step 5: Base Pay Structure
The fifth step of compensation plan design is building a base pay structure. “Pay
structures assign different pay rates for jobs of unequal worth and provide the
framework for recognizing differences in individual employee contributions”
(Martocchio, 2017, p. 171. Please watch the following 5:35-minute video, called “Step 5:
Base Pay Structure” which was published on YouTube by Gregg Learning. After
viewing the video, you should be able to answer the following:
Click the link below to watch the video: Step 5: Base Pay Structure
Video Takeaways
A pay grade is one of the classes, levels, or groups into which jobs of the same or similar
value are grouped for compensation purposes. They help to evaluate where a
particular employee should be compensated in your pay structure. A pay range
is the range of pay rates from minimum to maximum set for a pay grade class or level.
It puts limits on the rates an employer will pay for a particular job. Pay grades are
preferred over pay ranges for the following reasons:
Easier to administer with fewer pay ranges
Allows decisions regarding internal alignment
Easier placement of non-benchmark jobs
Lesson 2 Complete!
You have now completed the second lesson of this lecture. Please scroll down to
complete the Check Your Knowledge activity, in which you answer four True/False
questions. You will have unlimited attempts to do this activity, so do not worry if you
do not get it correct the first time. This is a non-graded activity.
Click the link below to watch the video: Pay for Performance Part 1: Theory and
Practice
Video Takeaways
Two theories that impact pay for performance are expectancy theory and equity theory.
Expectancy theory suggests that in order to motivate behavior, an individual has to
believe the following: the goal is attainable, the reward is understood, and the reward is
valued. Equity theory suggests that individuals are constantly comparing the ratio of
the contributions that they make to the organization versus the rewards they receive for
that contribution. They always compare that to other employees (Milkovich, 2017).
Individual incentive plans – “Individual incentive plans offer a promise of pay for
some objective, pre-established level of future performance. The standard is compared
to individual worker performance” (Milkovich, 2017, p. 245). Examples of individual
incentive plans are: sales incentive plans, standard hour incentive plans, and piecework
incentive plans. Please watch the three videos below published on YouTube by Gregg
Learning to learn more about these three individual incentive plans. After viewing the
video, you should be able to differentiate between the three individual incentive plans.
Click the links below to watch the videos:
Sales Incentive Plan (2:51-minutes) – https://youtu.be/HlYTJuK2ec8
Standard Hour Incentive Plan (1:50-minutes) – https://youtu.be/sqKew4MwsfQ
Piecework Incentive Plans (1:47-minutes) - https://youtu.be/04D7eQioyfw
Video Takeaways
Sales Incentive Plans
Sales incentive plans are critical for motivating employees in sales roles.
There are three primary types of sales incentive plans:
Commission – pays employees a percentage of the total sales they generate. The
benefit of this plan is that high-performing employees receive high payouts and
companies pay employees only for what they sell. However, employees risk
receiving little or no pay if they do not meet commission goals.
Salary – employees receive a set compensation regardless of their sales level.
Employees may not be as motivated to sell under this plan but the salary plan
provides employees with more financial security.
Mixed Salary/Commission – employees receive a lower based salary and the
remaining pay is commission based.
Standard Hour Incentive Plan
Standard hour plans are an individual incentive plan in which employee’s pay is based
on how much time an employee is expected to need to complete some task. If
employees are able to complete their tasks in less time than expected, they still receive
the full rate of pay for the task performed. The primary advantage of the standard hour
plan is that it encourages employees to work as quickly as possible to complete their
tasks.
Piecework Incentive Plans
Under a straight piecework plan, employees receive a certain rate of pay for each unit
they produce. A key advantage of piecework plans is they focus employees’ efforts
directly on tasks that are valuable for company success. Piecework plans also clearly tell
employees what types of behaviors they need to exhibit. They know that if they
perform well, they will receive higher levels of compensation.
Long Term Incentive Plans
Group Incentive Plans – group incentive plans are based on some measure of group
performance. Examples of group incentive plans include: gain-sharing plans and profit-
sharing plans. Please watch the two videos below published on YouTube by Gregg
Learning to learn more about grain-sharing and profit-sharing plans. After viewing the
video, you will be able to differentiate between the two plans.
Click the links below to watch the videos:
Gain-Sharing Plans (3:41-minute) – https://youtu.be/0KX3yg0jZ8M
Profit-Sharing Plans (2:42-minute) - https://youtu.be/VQAab_BPlfg
Video Takeaways
Gain-Sharing Plans
Gain sharing plans are designed to help increase an organization’s efficiency by
increasing the productivity of the company’s employees and/or lowering the firm’s
labor costs. Under these plans, employees earn a share of the gains of their productivity
with the company. The gains may be realized in one of two ways. First, if the firm’s
collective productivity improves and the employees exceed some predetermined
productivity level, they receive part of the monetary value of the increased
productivity. Second, if employees are able to maintain the same level of productivity
but do so with fewer costs, they share the gains of their increased efficiency.
Profit-Sharing Plans
Profit sharing plans a group-level incentive plan in which company profits are shared
with employees. Profit sharing can be distributed to employees as cash or can be
deferred. A benefit of profit sharing is that employees are paid only when a company is
doing well, a mechanism that helps maintain control over labor costs.
Managers are not willing to have meaningful discussions with employees about
pay for performance.
Pay for performance is viewed as an HR process, rather than an organization
process. Managers may be limited in what ratings they can give on evaluations.
Employees do not feel they can accomplish the goals, resulting in a decrease in
employee motivation.
Lesson 3 Complete!
You have now completed the third lesson of this lecture. Please scroll down to
complete the Check Your Knowledge activity, in which you answer four True/False
questions. You will have unlimited attempts to do this activity, so do not worry if you
do not get it correct the first time. This is a non-graded activity.
Explain structure – communicate how your pay structure works and decision are
made.
Explain difference – ensure differences in pay are understood
Provide a reward statement – use total rewards statements to communicate
rewards
Lesson 4 Complete!
You have now completed the fourth lesson of this lecture. Please scroll down to
complete the Check Your Knowledge activity, in which you answer four True/False
questions. You will have unlimited attempts to do this activity, so do not worry if you
do not get it correct the first time. This is a non-graded activity.
Job Description
Summary/Objective
The human resource generalist is responsible for performing HR-related duties on a
professional level and works closely with senior HR management in supporting
designated geographic regions. This position carries out responsibilities in the following
functional areas: benefits administration, employee relations, training, performance
management, onboarding, policy implementation, recruitment/employment,
affirmative action, and employment law compliance.
Essential Functions
Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to
perform the essential functions.
1. Administers various human resource plans and procedures for all organization
personnel, assists in the development and implementation of personnel policies
and procedures, prepares and maintains the employee handbook, and the
policies and procedures manual.
2. Participates in developing department goals, objectives, and systems.
3. Administers the compensation program, monitors the performance evaluation
program, and revises as necessary.
4. Performs benefits administration, including claims resolution, change reporting,
approving invoices for payment and communicating benefits information to
employees.
5. Develops and maintains affirmative action program, files EEO-1 report annually,
and maintains other records, reports, and logs to conform to EEO regulations.
6. Conducts recruitment effort for all exempt and nonexempt personnel, students
and temporary employees, conducts new-employee orientations, monitors
career-pathing program, and writes and places advertisements.
7. Handles employee relations counseling, outplacement counseling, and exit
interviewing.
8. Participates in administrative staff meetings and attends other meetings and
seminars.
9. Maintains company organization charts and the employee directory.
10. Assists in evaluation of reports, decisions, and results of department in relation
to established goals. Recommends new approaches, policies, and procedures to
continually improve efficiency of the department and services performed.
11. Maintains human resource information system records and compiles reports
from the database.
12. Maintains compliance with federal, state, and local employment and benefits
laws and regulations.
Physical Demands
The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an
employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. While performing
the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to talk or hear. Specific vision
abilities required by this job include close vision and ability to adjust focus. This would
require the ability to lift files, open filing cabinets and bend or stand on a stool as
necessary.
Position Type/Expected Hours of Work (Describe the schedule and hours of work)
Travel
Little to no travel is expected for this position.
Required Education and Experience
[Indicate education based on requirements that are job-related and consistent with
business necessity.]
Lesson 5 Complete!
You have now completed the fifth lesson of this lecture. Please scroll down to complete
the Check Your Knowledge activity, in which you answer four True/False questions.
You will have unlimited attempts to do this activity, so do not worry if you do not get it
correct the first time. This is a non-graded activity.
True or False: Market pay information for the HR Generalist can be found at
www.salary.com.
True or False: Reasonable accommodations must be made for an HR Generalist if
necessary.
True or False: The competencies section refers to the knowledge and skills required to
do the job.
True or False: The work environment section refers to the culture of the organization.
True or False: A Non-Exempt employee can be paid for working overtime.
Conclusion
Compensation and benefits plan design must be completed systematically and
strategically. It takes into account an organization’s philosophy as well as its vision.
An effective compensation plan includes the following: internal alignment, external
alignment, and compensation management. However, its success is dependent upon
effective communication of the plan to all the company stakeholders.
Leonard, K. (2019). What Are the Three Basic Methods of a Job Evaluation? Retrieved
from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/three-basic-methods-job-evaluation 18172.html