LESSON 10 (PART 1) REFORMIST OR PROPAGANDIST?

RIZAL IN EUROPE • Rizal was drawn to the side of the

liberals who consisted of Spaniards
The beginning of the Propaganda Movement
and Filipinos.
The decision to go to Europe • The group started as a social gathering

• Around 1881, when Rizal decided to and they gathered at the house of Don

continue his studies in Europe. This Pablo Ortiga y Rey who was a former

decision was only known between him and alcalde of Manila.

his brother Paciano. Rizal parents was • The social group joined in by Rizal

unaware of his decision. At that time the eventually had a name at it became

family was at its most prosperous. It was in known as Circulo Hispano Filipino.

good terms with the Spanish administrators And later on Rizal compose a poem

of the Calamba estate. entitled Me Piden Versos.

• Paciano. Rizal parents was unaware of his PROPAGANDA, DEFINED

decision. At that time the family was at its
• Propaganda is a term derived from the latin
most prosperous. It was in good terms with
“propagare”, which means to spread or to
the Spanish administrators of the Calamba
propagate.
estate.
• Propaganda spreads information that is not
RIZAL THE PROPAGANDIST objectives and this information is used to

• As soon as Rizal set his foot in a foreign influence the opinion of an intended

land, he began to note the difference in the audience.

conditions of the Philippines and of other • This is done to fulfill the objectives of the
countries. He even noted the condition of one creating the propaganda. It may use
the vessels he was sailing: on the truths, lies, fiction and opinions to achieve
Djemnah, the vessel was larger and its items.
cleaner. Its interiors were carpeted and its • To achieve his aims Rizal used essays,
toilets were excellent poetry and novels as forms of propaganda.
• When he arrived in Spain he compared it Propaganda material was dished out by
with France where he landed at the port of writers but magnified with the use of the
Marseilles. printing press to reach a greater

• At Barcelona, he lodged in the poor part of readership.

the city, probably to conserve his meager • The pen and the printing press were
funds. Comparing it to the other European therefore the weapons of the
cities, his first impression Barcelona was propagandists.
dark, dingy and ugly. Filipinos also organized other groups. Rizal
himself formed two groups;

• The first was the “Kidlat Club” was formed

out of impulse in 1887 and just like a
 lightning it was named after, the group
immediately flashed out of existence. Kidlat
LESSON 10 (PART 2)
Club members were Juan Luna, Julio
Llorente, Gregorio Pautu, Baldomero FIRST SOJOURN GOING TO EUROPE
Roxas, Gregorio Aguilera. The decision to Study in Europe
• The second group was Indios Bravos “I.B”
• Jose Rizal’s dissatisfaction in his studies at
was formed in 1887 in Paris. Rizal intended
the University of Santo Tomas and bad
the Indios Bravos to inspire not only the
experience under a repressive Spanish
brown natives of the Philippines but the
regime in the Philippines.
entire Malay Race.
o For this reason he had • This made him decide to leave the country

subgroup within the Indios and proceed to Europe, where he

called the RDLM- Redencion continued his course in the field of

de los Malayos (Redemption Ophthalmology.

of the Malays). • Jose Rizal’s Tio Antonio and brother in-law

Manuel T. Hidalgo, gave the information to
Paciano, regarding the ship Salvadora that
• In congratulating Luna, Rizal said that Rizal would board.
genius is not the monopoly of any race or • On May 1, 1882 Paciano gave Jose Rizal
any nation. 356 pesos, afterwards the servant called a
• The two painters who are titans of their art, carromata, a local transportation that would
are both products of Spain and the take Rizal to BiÑan.
Philippines. Their works united the peoples
RIZAL IN BARCELONA SPAIN
of both countries.
• Towards the end of his speech Rizal • Rizal arrived in Barcelona on June 16,

mentioned with refined sarcasm that the 1882, his first days in Barcelona were

Filipinos were emerging as an intellectual unfavorable.

force. He also said that he hoped that • His money amounted to only 12 Duros,

Spain will someday grant reforms and by the time he boarded the

needed by the Philippines. Christian house, he had only seven

• As a writer of La Solidaridad, Rizal wrote Duros.

under a pseudonym Dimasalang and Laon- • He lived in a damp, dark and poorly

Laan. ventilated room, which had only straw

• Symbolic Dimasalang- ungraspable or chairs, dirty bed, broken washbasin

untouchable and Laon-Laan - long and no mirror. This place in Barcelona

committed to the redemption of the was situated in an old dirty street called

motherland. San Severino.

• Jose Rizal met his fellow citizens
named Cuesta and other Filipino
friends. With the strong letter of
recommendation of Jesuits from
 Ateneo de Manila, which Rizal
presented to the Jesuit Fathers of
LESSON 10 (PART 3)
Barcelona, they decided to support
Rizal financially by lending him money, JOSE RIZAL IN FRANCE AND GERMANY
that he paid upon arrival of his
• Following the advice of Paciano, Jose
allowance from the Philippines.
Rizal proceeded to Paris, France, in
RIZAL IN MADRID, SPAIN the first week of October in 1885.
o In this city he learned more
• Rizal found Barcelona a pleasant place and
about Ophthalmology.
he intended to stay in the city to continue
o Jose Rizal registered in the
his study in the field of Medicine.
clinic of Dr. Louis Wecker,
• Jose Rizal followed the advice of his elder
who was recognized as a
brother Paciano; he enrolled at the Central
leading French
University of Madrid in November 3, 1882,
Ophthalmologist of that time
both in Medicine (Ophthalmology) and in
in Paris.
Philosophy and Letters.
o Jose Rizal learned from
AMOR PATRIO – Love of Country Wecker by treating 50-100
patients everyday. After clinic
LAS VIAJES – On Travel
hours, Rizal devoted his time
MI PIDEN VERSOS – They ask me for Verses to learn and to master
French, German, Italian,
A LA SENORITA C.O. Yr – To Miss C.O. yR
English, Polish, and Greek
PENSAMIENTOS DE UN FILIPINO – Reflection of Languages.
a Filipino o Jose Rizal only survived
TITLE OF MEDICINE through the help of his filipino
compatriots such as Juan
• The title Doctor of Medicine was not
Luna who wholeheartedly
awarded for the official reason that Rizal
lent or gave him money for
failed to settle the needed money for the
his daily needs.
University Fee to present his thesis for
• Rizal had frequent correspondence
graduation.
with Professor Ferdinand
• However, Jose Rizal was still a Doctor after
Blumentritt, his bosom friend.
graduation, except that the law at that time,
• Before leaving Leipzig in late
state that he was not allowed to practice his
October, Rizal translated two German
medical profession in the city, Jose Rizal
works to the Tagalog language and
was only allowed to practice his medical
sent to Calamba, this were “Schiller’s
profession in the province.
William Tell” which is about the Swiss
Independence and “Hans Christian
Anderson’s Fairy Tales” for his
young nephews and nieces.
 • It was this time when Jose Rizal Elias – the character that Rizal placed to
decided to move to Berlin and represent the Filipino masses who suffered from
published there his novel Noli Me Spanish brutalities and abuse due to their
Tangere, in November 1, 1886, Rizal powerlessness in the novel and in real Philippines
boarded a train to Berlin. social situation of that time.
• Rizal completed the work in
Maria Clara – In her, Ibarra has fallen in-love as
February 21, 1887, and through the aid
she also mirrored the Filipina woman of
of Maximo Viola, who shouldered the
religious upbringing and orientation. Through
expenses for the printing of 2,000
her love to Ibarra, she represented true fidelity and
copies of the novel worth 300 pesos,
religiosity of the woman in real Filipino society.
the book came out of press and
published the middle of March 1887 Don Rafael Ibarra – known in the plot as a

• The term Noli me tangere came from concerned citizen and property owner who was the

a Latin word, which means “Touch Me father of Crisostomo Ibarra, Padre Damaso who

Not”, as inspired from the gospel of St. plays an antagonist role calls him a heretic and

John, Chapter 20 and verses 13-17. rebel, due to his views on liberalism in society.

• This was when the Lord said: “Touch DoÑa Victorina – the wife of Don Tiburcio de
me not for I am not yet ascended to EspanadaÑa, known in the novel as a trying hard
my father, and to my God and your rich Filipina woman who abhors anything that
God”. is Filipino and clings to Spanish way of life.
• It contains 64 chapters. This kind of character was manifested in some
• Wag mo ‘kong salingin Filipino of that time.

NOLI ME TANGERE SYNOPSIS Sisa – she represented in the novel a sad plight of
the Filipina mothers losing her two sons, Basilio
• The first two canonical 19th century novels,
and Crispin. In the novel, Sisa looses her sanity.
Noli Me Tangere revolves around
Crisostomo Ibarra who, after a seven(7)- Padre Damaso – An Antagonist in character and
year stay in Europe to study, comes home represented the un- Christian works of the Catholic
to his town of San Diego, brimming with the friars who are in the church.
desire to contribute to the development of
the people.
• An Augustinian friar named Jose Rodriguez
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra – the most important
of Guadalupe, he wrote the Caiingat Cayo
character in the novel, manifesting in him the
and stated that those who would read the
Filipino who acquired European ideas through his
novel will commit mortal sin, due to its
education in Europe. In the novel, Ibarra’s
heretic content.
personality will result in the disagreements of
• Filipinos and concerned foreign
liberal idealism in education and conservatism
intellectuals gave a strong defense and
represented by the Catholic Church.
actions for the first Filipino radical
novel. Mariano Ponce, through a letter,
 informed Rizal of the attacks on the Noli LESSON 10 (PART 4)
in the Philippines. While the friars in the
SECOND SOJOURN (GOING TO EUROPE)
Philippines and Spanish politicians in Spain
RIZAL’S IN ASIA AND AMERICAN TOUR
were attacking the Noli, Jose Maria Basa,
sworn enemy of the friars, who became Jose Rizal in Hongkong
aoÑa wealthy businessman in Hong Kong,
• From the Philippines, Rizal went to Hong
and Mariano Ponce were busy shipping
Kong where he stayed for three days.
and selling the Noli Me Tangere in Manila.
• Rizal saw its shipping and commercial
Marcelo H. Del Pilar, a brilliant lawyer
centers.
and writer stood in defense of Rizal’s
• Rizal met Manuel Iriarte and Jose Maria
Noli. He wrote the Caingat Cayo using
Basa who were exiled due to their alleged
pen name Dolores Manapat. He adopted
involvement in the Cavite Mutiny in 1872.
the exact physical format of Father
• Rizal, through his tour in the place, found
Rodriguez’s pamphlet, but different in
out that the Dominican congregation was
content, highlighting Rizal’s Noli.
also engaged in business, since they
• A Filipino priest who was a Catholic
owned 750 or more business houses,
Theologian named Vicente Garcia, under
earning millions of money in Hong Kong
the pen name Desiderio Magalang, in July
commercial places.
1888, published in Singapore an article
• On the 19th of February 1888, Rizal
countering the claims of Fr. Rodriguez.
boarded the boat “Kiu-Lieng” that took
Vicente Garcia accused him of “grossly
him to Macao.
misinformed” and he explained in his
paper that Rizal was not attacking Spain Rizal in Japan
and the Catholic Church, but the corrupt
• On February 28, 1888, Rizal arrived in
government officials and evils deeds of
Yokohama, Japan; Rizal lived in the
the friars in the Philippines. It was also
Charge d'affaires of Spain in the country,
clear, that Spanish Liberals and Masons in
from February up to April 1888.
the Philippines were silent and in favor of
• While in Japan, Rizal had a friend named
the Noli Me Tangere at that time. This claim
Tetcho Suehiro a newspaperman and
was proven, with the way Governor-
chief editor of some Japanese
General Emilio Terrero y Perinat acted.
newspapers. It was there when Rizal
After reading Rizal’s novel he pushed
studied in his best capability the Japanese
through with his plan of investigating friar
language, visited Japanese theaters and
lands in the country. He did not arrest
made drawings of flowers and panoramic
Rizal, but rather gave him security when
views.
he went home to the Philippines in 1887.
• Rizal also adopted the Japanese technique
in drawing. Rizal was also amazed of the
good values of the Japanese people.
• In his stay in the country, Rizal had a close
and intimate relationship with a
 Japanese woman named O Sei- San the friars, who owned the
(Seiko Usui). educational institutions in Bulacan
• Rizal toured America for twenty (20)
MA – YI
days before he left and boarded the ship
city of Rome bound for Europe in May • This historical writing of Rizal covers his

16, 1888. definitive interpretation of his readings on

Ma-Yi, the first Chinese name for the
Jose Rizal in Europe
Philippines.
• Jose Rizal in England; • When Rizal left for Europe in February of
• The ship city of Rome, where 'Jose Rizal 1888, the case of Rizal’s family and the
was one or its passenger, arrived in people of Calamba were left to Paciano
Liverpool on May 25, 1888. Rizal and his brother-in law Manuel T.
• Rizal slept at the Adelphi Hotel, and the Hidalgo.
following day, he boarded a train bound for • The family took Ambrocio Rianzarez to
London where upon his arrival, he boarded defend them, but he backed out because of
and paid his rents for 45 pesos in Philippine fear of the Dominican friars.
value in the house of the Beckett family. • Felipe Bueneamino Sr. who had
• In this city, he meet the friend of Professor connections in the Royal Audencia of
Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr. Reinhold Rost, Manila accepted the case, and he was able
a biographer, librarian of the Ministry of to get a settlement with the Dominican
Foreign Affairs. Through Dr. Rost, Rizal Corporation. On the conditions that the
gained access to British Museum tenants and family of Rizal in Calamba
Library. would pay the amount asked by the friars.
• He was able to study the history of the
RIZAL IN PARIS
Philippines from its roots. One of the books
he read, painstakingly copied by hand and • In the middle of March 1889. Jose Rizal left

annotated, was the Sucesos de las Islas the Beckett family in London and

Filipinas (Historical Events of the proceeded to Paris, France.

Philippine Islands). It was written in 1609 • Rizal’s arrival in Paris was the birth of the

by Antonio de Morga, a former judge in the organization he conceived through his

Philippines. correspondence with Blumentritt.

• Sulat sa mga Kababaihan ng Malolos (A • Jose Rizal called it Kidlat, because it was
Letter to the Women of Malolos); formed fast like a lightning.
o Through the request of Marcelo H. • The name of the Organization was
del Pilar, Rizal wrote his personal International Association of
message and praised the young Filipinologist, with the primary objective
women of Malolos for their was to study the Philippines from the
persistence and initiatives to scientific and historical point of view.
receive lessons in Spanish
language, despite the opposition of
LA VERDAD PARA TODOS – The Truth for All without the writer of the article weep and
weep a thousand times for not being able
• This article was published in the La
to give us any other thing except the
Solidaridad, dated May 31, 1889. Jose
unfortunate country where we were born."
Rizal criticized the weak Spanish
government in the Philippines and the TO LA PATRIA
friars whom he considered bad teachers
• This article was published in the La
for the Filipino who stands for the Catholic
Solidaridad dated November 15, 1889.
Church.
Jose Rizal stated his insults to the
VICENTE BARRANTES’ TEATRO TAGALOG newspaper that was funded by the friars in
the Philippines named La Patria.
• The article was published in the La
• He corrects their grammars and challenges
Solidaridad dated June 15, 1889, when
the writer to reveal his identity.
Rizal criticized the article of Vicente
Barrantes that downgraded the Filipino LESSON 10 (PART 5)
dignity.
Jose Rizal in Brussels
SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS – Historical
• On January 28, 1890, Rizal left Paris,
Events of the Philippine Islands
France and moved to Brussels, the
• In this book, Rizal highlighted the capital city of Belgium.
Philippines and hailed the impartial view of • Rizal made the decision to leave Paris to
its author, Antonio Morga. The book came economize his expenses and finish the
out of press and published in 1889. sequel of his Noli Me Tangere, which was
the El Filibusterismo.
UNA PROFANACION – A Profanation
• Rizal also composed a poem expressing
• In this article which was dated July 31, his anguish, deep in his heart; the poem
1889, Rizal presented examples of the was entitled A Mi Musa (To My Muse).
sins of the Catholic Church through its • Jose Rizal compatriots feared for his life in
Catholic Corporation in Calamba. the Philippines, with this situation, Marcelo
• Rizal stated his argument that, even if one H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce
follows the teachings of the Catholic extended their invitation for Rizal to
Church of that time, you will be punished move in Madrid.
if you failed to pay the rent of the land
LET US BE JUST
owned by the Church of God.
• This article of Rizal which was published in
INCONSEQUENCIAS – Inconsequences
the La Solidaridad dated April 15, 1 890.
• This article was written by Rizal for the La • Rizal criticized the implementation of
Solidaridad dated November 30, 1889. justice in the Philippines and compared it
• Rizal defended Juan Luna and his brother in Europe.
Antonio Luna. He gave this important • Rizal cited the immorality of the friars and
message of that time "that our mothers Spanish land owners.
UNA ESPERANZA (A HOPE) • In the traditional New Year’s celebrations
and reunion of Filipino compatriot in
• In this article of Rizal dated July 15, 1890,
December of 1890, addressing the division
Rizal expressed hope after the Spanish
of the Filipino colony in Madrid, Rizal called
minister's party that was in favor of
for unity.
reforms for the Philippines, lost in the
• However, division was so strong that
Spanish Congress and worst the
resulted to an approval of a proposal by
conservative party expressed its favor to
electing a leader who will represent the
the friar- controlled situation in the
Propaganda Movement.
Philippines.
• Compatriots of Rizal were divided into two
SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS factions, namely;
(THE INDOLENCE OF FILIPINOS) o The Rizalista representing Jose

• The essay was published in the La Rizal; and

Solidaridad in five successive issues, from o The Pilarista, representing

July 15 to September I, 1890. Marcelo H. Del Pilar,

• Using Rizal annotated work in Morga's • The Pilarista were one strong group, that

Sucessos, Rizal examined with impartiality Rizal's group would be hard to beat.

and using critical method to study the JOSE RIZAL MASONIC SPEECH IN MADRID
Filipino past and the impact of Spanish rule
• Masoneria (Masonry);
in the Philippines.
• A lecture prepared and read by Jose Rizal
• Rizal also cited many accounts to prove his
for the members of the Solidaridad Lodge
case such as Chirino, Colin, Chao Ju-Kua
No. 53, in 1 889, in Madrid.
and many others.
• Rizal discussed on the fundamental
RIZAL ATTEMPTED TO ASK FOR “HELP” foundations of Masonry (Sciénce, Virtue

• The following incident affected Rizal's and Labor).

loved family in the Philippines, Rizal • The following lines are excerpts from the
attempted to save his family while in lecture;
Europe, using connections and friends to 1. Science;
help him. 2. Virtue;

• Rizal was desperate, that Rizal attempted 3. Labor

to get the help of Spanish politicians such VALENTINE VENTURA

as Don Manuel Becerra but to no avail.
• Rizal was already desperate in resuming
• Rizal thought of seeing Her Majesty
the printing of El Filibusterismo, when a
Queen Regent Maria Cristina, but Rizal
compatriot from Paris, France learned
had no influential friends to help him.
about his financial problems, Valentine
RIZAL’S BREAK-UP WITH DEL PILAR Ventura saved the El Filibusterismo.

• Rizal’s conflict with other compatriots never • Ventura’s letter as it reads:

stopped while Rizal was in Madrid.

 SEGUNDA KATIGBAK

• Segunda Katigbak was his puppy love.

Unfortunately, his first love was engaged
• The novel El Filibusterismo was a to be married to a town mate- Manuel Luz
sequel to Rizal’s earlier work the Noli Me • After his admiration for a short girl in the
Tangere. In reading the work, there are person of Segunda,
areas of humor, romance and revolution. In • She was just 14 years old when she met
this work of RizaI, he was judged as Jose Rizal who was then 16
separatist in some points.
LEONOR VALENZUELA
EL FILIBUSTERISMO SYNOPSIS
• Leonor Valenzuela, a tall girl from
• This novel was written in the 19th century Pagsanjan. Rizal send her love notes
by the Philippines National Hero, Dr. Jose written in invisible ink, that could only be
Rizal, then an expatriate in Europe waging deciphered over the warmth of the lamp or
a propaganda campaign against tyranny candle. He visited her on the eve of his
and oppression in his native land. departure to Spain and bade her a last
• El Filibusterismo is a sequel to his earlier goodbye.
work, Noli Me Tangere, a socio-political • The whirlwind romance of Jose Rizal and
novel that depicted the conditions in the Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela along with
Philippine Islands - a colony of Spain for invisible love letters
three centuries - under the Spanish
VICENTA YBARDALOZA
yoke.
• Miss L – some sources: Margarita Almeda
LESSON 12: WOMEN IN THE LIFE OF JOSE
Gomez and some sources: Jacinta
RIZAL
Ybardaloza – from Pakil, Laguna; after
There were at least ten women linked with several visits, Jose Rizal stopped of
Rizal, namely: Segunda’s sweet memories and his father
was against her family.
1. Segunda Katigbak
2. Leonor Valenzuela LEONOR RIVERA
3. Vicenta Ybardaloza
• Jose Rizal childhood sweetheart. Jose
4. Leonor Rivera
Rizal’s true love
5. Consuelo Ortiga
• Leonor Rivera, was Jose Rizal sweetheart
6. O-Sei San (Japanese)
for 11 years played the greatest influence
7. Gertrude Beckett (English)
in keeping him from falling in love with other
8. Nelly Boustead (French)
women during his travel.
9. Suzanne Jacoby (Belgian)
10. Josephine Leopoldine Bracken (Irish) 18- CONSUELO ORTIGA
year-old Irish girl whom he married while on
exile in Dapitan
 • Consuelo Ortiga y Rey, the prettier of Don NELLIE BOUSTEAD
Pablo Ortiga’s daughters, fell in love with
• Rizal having lost Leonor Rivera,
Rizal
entertained the thought of courting her
• Rizal wrote a poem, entitled: A la Senorita
ladies. While a guest of the Boustead
C.O. y R., which became one og his best
family at their residence in their resort city
poems. The Ortiga’s residence in Madrid
of Biarritz, Rizal had a befriended the two
was frequented by Rizal and his
pretty daughters of his host, Eduardo
compatriots. He probably fell in love with
Boustead.
her and Consuelo apparently asked him
• Rizal used to fence with the sisters at the
romantic verses
studio of Juan Luna. Antonio Luna, Juan’s
O – SEI – SAN brother and also a frequent visitor of the
Boustead’s courted Nellie but she was
• A Japanese samurai’s daughter taught
deeply infatuated with Rizal
Rizal the Japanese art of painting known as
• The love story of Jose Rizal and Nellie
su – mie. She also helped Rizal improve his
Boustead, the woman whom he almost
knowledge of Japanese language
married but it did not push through because
• If Rizal was a man without a patriotic
Rizal refused to be converted to protestant.
mission, he would have married this lovely
and intelligent woman and lived a stable SUZANNE JACOBY
and happy life with her in Japan because
• In 1890, Rizal moved to Brussels because
Spanish legation there offered him a
of the high cost of living in Paris. In
lucrative job.
Brussels, he lived in the boarding house of
• Seiko Usui – or O Sei San was Jose Rizal’s
the two Jacoby sisters. In time, they fell
Japanese girlfriend
deeply in love with each other. Suzanne
• Also known as Usui Sekko
cried when Rizal left Brussels and wrote
GERTRUDE BECKETT him when he was in Madrid.

• Love story of Jose Rizal and his whirlwind JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

romance with Gertrude Beckett during his
• Jose Rizal’s common law life
stay in London.
• In the last days of February 1895, while still
• While Rizal was in London annotating the
in Dapitan, Rizal met an 18 – year old petite
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, Rizal
Irish girl, with bold blue eyes, brown hair
boarded in the house of the Beckett family,
and a happy disposition.
within walking distance of the British
• She was Josephine Bracken, the adopted
Museum.
daughter of George Taufer from Hong
• Gertrude, has a blue – eyed and buxon girl
Kong, who came to Dapitan to seek Rizal
was the oldest of the three Beckett
for eye treatment
daughters. She fell in love with Rizal. Tottie
• Jose Rizal was physically attracted to her.
helped him in his painting and sculpture
His loneliness and boredom must have
taken the measure of him and what could
 be a better diversion that to fall in love THE DEATH OF RIZAL
again. But the Rizal sisters suspected
• December 30, 1896, death of Rizal in
Josephine as an agent of the friars and they
Bagumbayan
considered her as a threat to Rizal’s
• He was the first historical celebrity in 19th
security.
century Philippines to be executed
NOLI ME TANGERE EL FILI • He was prophecy on his death at the age of
A romantic novel A political novel 30 was a miscalculation because he lived
A book of the heart A work of the head for five more years at the age of 35
A book of feeling A book of thought
AFTERMATH OF RIZAL’S DEATH
It contains bitterness, color,

It has freshness
humor, hatred, pain, • Wenceslao E. Retana – wrote the story
violence, intelligence, and
“The Biography of Rizal”
sorrow
• Marcha de Cadiz – music played after Rizal
Contains 64 chapters Contains 34 chapters
was executed
• Mi Ultimo Adios
PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION AND RIZAL DEATH • According to Austin Coates (Rizal’s British

REVOLUTION biographer) this poem us remarkable for it

achieves four separate purposes
• Deportation of Rizal gave birth to the
o It is a poem of farewell
Katipunan
o It is an appeal to the Filipinos not
KATIPUNAN to forget him
o It is Rizal’s last will and
• Organized when la Liga Filipinas was
testament
aborted
o It is Rizal’s biography
• Formed in July 7, 1987 at Deodato
Arellano’s house
o Andres Bonifacio
o Jose Dizon
o Teodoro Plata
o Valentin Diaz
o Ladislao Diwa

EMILIO JACINTO

• Brains of Katipunan
• Graduated from San Juan de Letran
• Provided strategic plans for the revolution
• In charge of “Kalayaan’: Katipunan’s organ
• Wrote a long essay entitled: Ang Liwanag
at Dilim
• Kartila: Katipunan’s moral code of conduct