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Chapter 2 Early River Valley Civilizations

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328 views15 pages

Chapter 2 Early River Valley Civilizations

Holeeee

Uploaded by

Alex Pantoja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Name Class Early River Valley Civilizations Civilization Key Terms and People speciation develogmen of skis ina artisan skilled worker that makes goods by hand Institution long-lasting pattern of organization in a community scribe professional revord keeper barter trading goods and services without Before You Read cuneiform wedge-shared writing developed in Sumer Bronze Age time when people began using bronze lggurat pyramid-shaped monument; part of a temple in Sumer Lesson 1 specific kind of work stmoney {In the lat lesson, you read about the development of agriculture and a settled way of life. In this lesson, you willread about factors leading tothe rise of civilizations. As You Read Use a chart to summasize characteristics VILLAGES GROW INTO CITIES ‘grew into ‘Overtime, farmers developed new tools—hoes sickles, and plow sticks These helped them grow even more food. ‘They decided to plant lager areas of land, The people in some villages began to irrigate the land, bringing water to new areas, People invented the wheel for carts and the sll for boats. These new inventions made it easier to travel between distant villages and to trade Life beeame more complex a the villages began to grow. People were divided into social classes Some people won maar hg oop of cities and civilizations hhad more wealth and power than others People began to worship gods and goddesses that they felt would protect their erops and make their harvests large 1. How di life become more complex? HOW CIVILIZATION DEVELOPS What makes a civilization? (One ofthe first civilizations arose in ‘Sumer. [twas in Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers of modera Tag. A civilization has five features, 3 Name Chass Date Lesson 1, continued Firs, a civilization has advanced Farmers outside the city walls raised cities that contain many people and the food for them all. Some workers dug serveas centers for trade itches to carry water tothe fields. Second, civilizations have specialized Officials of the ety government planned workers. Specialization isthe all this activity, development of skills needed for one Inside the city, metalworkers made specific kind of work. Skilled workers bronze points for spears, Poters made who make goods by hand are called clay pots. Traders met peoplefrom other artisans. areas. They traded the spear points and ‘Third, civilizations have complex pots for goods that Ur could not institutions. Government, organized _ produce. This way of trading goods and religion, and an economy are examples services without money is caled barter. of complex institutions, Sometimes their deals were written A fourth feature of civilizations is down by scribes. record keeping, whichis needed to keep __Ur's most important building was the track of laws, debts end payments It temple. Part ofthe temple was a also creates the need for writing Scribes ziggura, a pyramid-shaped structure. were people who used writing to keep Priests there led the ity religious life. records, Caneiform, which means 3. What socal classes existed in Ur? “wedge shaped,” was a form of writing {invented in Sumer. Fifth, civilizations have improved technology that ean provide new tools and methods to solve problems. ‘Sumer had all the features of a DAMAGE TO ANCIENT TREASURES civilization. One of thenew technologies How have the treasures changed? in Sumer was making z metal called Many treasures from the pest have bronze. The term Bronze Age refers to been damaged by war. In 199| during the time when people began using the Persian Gulf War, bombs caused ‘bronze to make tools and weapons craters near the ziggurat at Us and it ‘was hit by machine gun fire. Cther ‘treasures were either stolen ordestroyed. 4. How are ancient treasures destroyed? 2, Name the five features of a civilization, CIVILIZATION EMERGES INUR ‘What was civilization like in Ur? One of the early cities of Sumer was ‘named Ur. The city was surrounded by walls built of mud dried into bricks. About 30,000 people lived in Ur. Social ‘classes included rulers und priests, traders, craft workers, and artists. hin a Guided Resding Workbook cuss ate ‘As you read this lesson, ilin the boxes below, List the social and ‘economic changes that led to the development of cities and the rise of| civilizations ‘Vilage and town life begin. 1 Economic changes 2, Social changes “ites emerge and grow. '3 Economie changes [4 Social changes \ atonal nn licence tice 5 ‘Gudea Reading Workbook Name css, Date Early River Valley Civilizations Lesson 2 City-States in Mesopotamia {Key Terms and People Fertile Croscent arc of rich farmland in Southwest Asia between the Persian Gulf ‘and the Mediterranean Sea Mesopotamia the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers ity-tato political unit much like an independent country dynasty series of rulers from a single Family cultural attusion new ideas spreading from one culture to another | polythelem belief in many gods ‘empire peoples, nations, or independent states under control of one ruler Hammurabi Babylonian ruler famous for his code of laws Before You Read In the last lesson, you read about factors leading to the rise of|

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