CHAPTER 11

Grammar

AdverbsS
adver is a word or phrase that tells us more
a verb, an about
An
Anher adverb. Adverbs tell us when, where, why, how often
adjective
anothe
or and
to what
extent something happens.
Tariq slowly walked back home from the market.
(How?)
T have my dance class tomorrow.
(When?)
The children are playing outside.
(Where?)
My neighbour takes his dog out for a walk every day. (How often?)
The water is extremely cold. (What extent?)
Underline the adverbs in these sentences.
1. Ravi laughed nervously.
2. We will leave for Kolhapur tonight.
3. Tanisha opened the door quietly.
4. The Bose family usually spends their holidays at Panchgani.
5. Shobha met Fatima yesterday.
6. Baljeet takes the school bus daily.
7. She carefully put the bowl on the table.
8. Ireceived Mani's email now.

BFillin the blanks with the correct adverbsto complete this fable.
Once a young goat was chased by a wolf that could run quite

(swiftly/hurriedly). The wolf stopped the goat and the

latter said (meekly/rudely), "I know you want to make me
your meal but before you kill me. (brutally/kindly), I would

Ike to perform a ceremony- (peacefully /quickly)."

The wolf looked at his victim and
snapped.
happily/rudely), "What ceremony do you have to perform before you die?

Handing over a flute to the wolf, the goat said- 103

 (hesitatingly/stubbornly), "Sir, err actually it is not a
(slightly/very) tedious ceremony. Please play the flute
(softly/silently) while I dance to ask the gods to give me a
place in hos
So. the wolf veaven
(willingly/merrily) obliged and began nis
the flute while the goat danced

Hearing the noise, a pack of dogs

(greedily/gracefully.
(suddenly/astonishingly) appeared on the scene. Seeing the dogs, the
e wolf sped
off (hastily/lazily), leaving the goat who continued to
dance (hardly/joyfully).

KINDS OF ADVERBS

Adverbs of tell us how actions take place. Some

manner
examples of
adverbs of manner are quickly, safely, hungrily and brightly.
Dhiren quickly completed his work and hungrily ate his dinner.

Adverbs of place tell us where an action takes place. Some examples of

adverbs of place are outside, upstairs, there, nearby and everywhere.
The students went downstairs and stood outside the art room.

Adverbs of time tell us when an action takes place. Some examples of

adverbs of time are tomorrow, already, now and recently.
The art competition was recently announced in school and
students are already excited.
Adverbs of frequency tell us how often an action happens. Some examples
of adverbs of frequency are rarely, ever, often, frequently, occasionally
annually and twice a week.
Mother usually shops for groceries on Sunday.

Remember, every day (two words) is an adverb that means daily.

oun.
Everyday (one word) is used as an adjective that is usually followed bya n
try to do some exercises every day. (adverb)
Traffic jams have become an everyday problem. (adjective)
dverbs
Adverbs of degree tell us t h e extent of an action. Some examples ou

of degree are really, much, extremely, just, almost, quite and Veiy
Ratul was deeply moved by the story.

04 Suhana has just finished cleaning her bicycle

 Relative adverb join two entences or clauses using when, where or why

This is the hotel where we stayed

I don't see why he can't
come.
e adverbs such as obviously, usually. normally and unfortunately
Senten
modify a n e n t i r e sentence or clause and expresses the author's opinion
Ideally, he should have informed us in advance
Unfortunately, it began to rain just as the match startet

aUnderline the adverbs in these sentences. Write their kinds.

to his
Vipin went upstairs room.

Sebastian is reaching Bengaluru tomorrow.

3Munir Often goes Out to watch films with his friends
4 Amrita lives in a very friendly neighbourhood.
sCuriously, Manas has never visited the museum in his city.

6. It's starting to get dark now.

Ritesh remembers the street where Yasmin lives.

&.ImetShamali for lunch yesterday.

9My uncle's house, where I have spent a lot of time, was sold.
10 Is the music loud enough for everybody to hear?

CAUTION!
Words such as fast, hard, near and far be used
can as both
adverbs and adjective
To determine whether word is
a an adverb, check describes
if it
a noun or adds
to the meaning of an
adjective, an adverb
or a verb.

Usain Bolt runs tast

(Here, fast is an adverb because it nodiñes the verb
ruis )

Usain Bolt is a tast ruaner

(Here, fast is an
adjective because it modihes the nousi runer

This nis passage ttells

e how dictionaries are made. Underline the adverbs and
us
e
them in the correct columns of the
table on the next page.
A
dictionary tries to capture a language. As more words come into Engish
every day, each edition of
new a dictionary seeks to have the latest words.
 Dictionary editors are always looking out for new words. They tirelecel
sly scan the
media for words that are coming into use and keep feeding
database.
the results into a

To make the process systematic, computers are frequently

used to scan large chunks of electronic text and check against

the dictionary for new words. Such computer programmes can

process text more quickly and accurately than humans, although editors
have to decide if a particular word should go into the dictionary.

When a new edition of a dictionary is about to be published, editors review

the words they have collected. They usually decide which ones are important

by using an extremely large database of language called a 'corpus, which

contains millions or even billions of words taken from a range of

different sources.
The more frequentlya word appears in the corpus, the more likely it is to go

into the dictionary. After making their selection of words, editors compile the

dictionary entries for these words.

TIME FREQUENCY DEGREE

MANNER

POSITION OF ADVERBS
iverbs
There are many different rules that tell us where different kinds ot adv
dverb
rule is that an
should be placed in a sentence. However, a general au
should be placed as close possible to the word it
as
modine
Talways share my lunch with Ratnakshi.
106
 also be placed
Adverbs c a n a l s o petween an
auxiliary verb and a main verb
The trainsuddenly cancelled.
was

some more examples of how adverbs are placed in

are sentences
across the
Here
auickly
Faraz quickly ran room./Faraz across the room quickly
ran

It was windy outsicle./Outside, it was

windy
shifted to this house recently./They have recently shifted to this house.
T h e yh a v

We visited
visited the museum yesterday./Yesterday, we visited the museum.
I always get up betore seven in the
morning
Have you ever been to Badami?
This restaurant serves much better soup than the one next toit.

Jnderline the correct options to complete these sentences.

EUna

1 Janaki (goes often/often goes) to watch plays by herself

1.

,Jitender (never sleeps/sleeps never) until late in the morning

It (seldom takes/ takes seldom) me more than forty minutes to get ready
for school.

4. My bus is (the first usually/usually the first) to arrive at school so we reach the
assembly (much earlier/earlier much) than the others.
5. This architect (inds always/always finds) a way to build houses around trees.
6. Farhan (greedily eyed/eyed greedily) the chocolate cake that was (almost
ready/ready almost) to be served.
7. Nikita (hard worked/worked hard) to do well in her examination.

EPut the words in the correct order to make sentences. Circle the adverbs.
1. once/we/Berlin/visited/December/in

2. Cold/was/in/Berlin/extremely/it

3. we/went/ day/sightseeing/every

4.
we/often/who/lives/there/visited/Uncle Nath

5, Ould/bake/cookies/sometimes/Aunty Nath/us/for

07
 every day my cousin/Uncle Nath/ played/chess/ Naina/with

7. Uncle Nath/visits/seldom/ India

GFill in the blanks with the correct adverbs.

1. Anila walked towards the cat
a. slowly b. never C. just

2 We decorated the room. with the balloons.

a separately b. frequently
c.quickly
3Sobhna goes to sleep at 10 p.m.
a ever b. usually
C.softly
Harish lent me his workbook.
a. Only b. After c. Outside
5. Vasundhara is. there when you need help.
a. where b. twice C. always
6 Anne goes for painting classes
a. everyday b. every day C. never

-the group began rehearsing with the props they had

Yesterday
a.
b. After
brought
c.Stubbornly
8Manju. goes to the theatre without her parents.
a. rare
b. rarely C. silently
9 I have been to Ladakh.
a. ever
b. always
C. never
10. Hamza's best friend lives in the next street. He visits her house.
a. often
b. quietiy C. quickly

ONE ADVERB FOR SEVERAL

WORDs
Adverbs can be used to
express something in a single word that would
otherwise require several words to explain.
I have told you
again and again not to leave the gate open
I have told
you repeatedly not to leave the gate open.
The judge dismissed the appeal quickly without
any formalities.
e
judge summarily dismissed the appeal.
 adverbs to their meanings.
the
Match
willingly
a. all the time

c o n t i n u o u s l y
b. once in a while
ceremoniously
C. with full agreement
constantly
d. with great love

e. without a break
freely
.
6. e n t h u s i a s t i c a l l y .with a lot of care
g. with many ceremonies
7 partially

s. OCcasionally
h. not completely
i. in an easy manner
9. carefully
j. with a lot of enthusiasm
10. affectionately

Complete these sentences using adverbs from EXERCISEH.

for the chief guest.
1. Areception was held
2. I have done the work.
3. The little ones participated in the games.
4. 1joined this school
called Didi.
5. Our principal is .
6. Go into the sea
ideas.
on the lookout for new

7. Mrinalini is -

once the obstruction was removed, water flowed.

We go to Tirupati
9.
since last week.
10. It has been raining
meanings.
the box next their
to
wite the adverbs from biennially
seasonally
monthly daily
perennially
annually

Occurring every two years

2Occurring every day

S Occurring every year
4.
OCCurring in a period of a year

the year I09

5. throughout
OCCurring
weeks
6. four/five
OCcurring every
 wrote in
KNow, make sentences using the adverbs you EXERCISE .
1.

5.

LFill in the crossword using the sentences as clues. Use the

the words from

seldom underground far next nearby almost

early intentionally OCcasionally sincerely

*****

****** ,

4
.

- ****. ****

******

*****
*
*******:********::**********> :******. *************** *******. ** . .

*********.

*******

**** ******** *******. ********.

9
***** ********* * * * * * . ** **

*****

:"***"********* :********** ********** *******.

0
***** ******"********* *********" ****** **** ' "*********

ACROSS
1 The bicycle -
bumped into Ruchir, but he stepped aside
at the last moment.
4
Hephzibah meant what she said. She was speakin9
6 A lot of space around the building was saved by making the parking area

10
 The Vermas r e a c h e d
for their
for long.
appointment so that they
towait
have
not
visit my
grandparents every weekend because they live
can

made aa mistake and forgot to switch off the oven. He did not bum
made
Binoy
10 thecake

DOWN

silver cutlery is not used every day, but is reserved for special days. It is used
The
2

nother has been so busy that she meets her friends only now and then.

She
gets time.
,Wedo not often go to the amusement park because it is
M COUsin will be performing immediately after this play. Her performance is

ANGUAGE ACROSS THE CURRICULUM BIOLOGY

Complete the paragraph with adverbs from the box.

alone easily everywhere rarely well only extremely

The cougar is amazing
an

animal. Its hind legs are longer

than its front
legs, so it can
jump
high. Its claws are sharp
Dut they can be
pulled back
Into its
toes, so that the
Cougar can run.
Cougars live
they
meet with other cougars in order to breed. Cougars
can swim .
and climb trees
They used to live. in North and South America,
but now they are. seen.