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2
3
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Past Perfect Tense
has
• If two actions took place one after the other, the 1st action is in Past Perfect
Tense and the 2nd action is in Past Indefinite Tense. (जब दो कार्य भूतकाल में हो, तो
जो पहले हुआ हो वह Past Perfect में होगा और जो उसके बाद हुआ हो वह Past Indefinite Tense
में होगा।)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
(सकारात्मक वाक्र्) Sub + had + V3 + obj
Negative Sentence
(नकारात्मक वाक्र्) Sub + had + not (hadn't) + V3 + obj
Interrogative Sentence Had + sub + V3 + obj ?
(प्रश्नसू च क वाक्र्) Had + sub +not + V3 + obj ?
Hadn't + sub + V3 + obj ?
1. Although we reached his house in time (1)/ he was left (2)/ for the airport.
(3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC Multi-Tasking (Non-Tech.) Staff Exam. 16.02.2014)
2. The train had left (1)/ when he had reached (2)/ the station. (3)/ No error (4).
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
3. By the time (1)/ we got our tickets and entered the cinema theatre, (2)/ the
show was already begun. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 14.12.2008)
4. When Anand reached the village (1)/ he found that (2)/ reports about him
preceded him. (3)/ No error (4)
5. When at last (1)/ we got to the theatre, (2)/the much publicized programme
by the Bollywood stars was begun. (3)/No error (4)
SSC CHSL-2016, 21th Jan, Evening
KD LIVE 5 Class Notes : TENSE
Answers
1. (2) Of the two past actions the action that happens earlier is expressed in
Past Perfect Tense.
Hence replace ‘was left’ with ‘had left’.
2. (2) Replace ‘had reached’ with ‘reached’ because If two actions take place
in Past, one after the other, the 1st action will be in Past Perfect Tense
and 2nd in Past Indefinite Tense.
3. (3) Replace ‘was’ with ‘had’. The structure we follow in this type of
question is
By the time + Simple Past + Past Perfect.
Here two actions took place one after the other in the past.
4. (3) Replace ‘Preceded’ with ‘had Preceded’.
If two actions take place in the past, one after the other, the first
action will be in Past Perfect Tense and 2nd is Past Indefinite Tense.
5. (3) Replace ‘was begun’ with ‘had begun’
If two actions take place in past one after the other, the first action is
expressed in Past Perfect Tense.
Future Perfect Tense
• Action, which the speaker assumes will have been completed has or occured in
the future, is expressed in Future Perfect Tense. (जो कार्य, वक्ता मान के चलता है कक
भववष्र् में हो चक
ु ा होगा, वह Future Perfect Tense में आता है ।)
STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
(सकारात्मक वाक्र्) Subject + will/shall + have + V3 + object
Negative Sentence Subject + will/shall + not + have + V3 + object
(नकारात्मक वाक्र्) Subject + won't/shan't + have + V3 + object
Interrogative Sentence Will/shall + Subject + have+ V3 + object ?
(प्रश्नसू च क वाक्र्) Will/shall + Subject + not + have + V3 + object ?
Won't/shan't + Subject +have + V3 + object ?
1. By the time we will reach the theatre, the show will have begun. (×)
Note:- Here we cannot use double will/ shall. (र्हााँ double will/shall का प्रर्ोग
नह ीं हो सकता।)
Future Perfect part will have 'will/shall'. The other part will be in Simple
Present Indefinite Tense. ('will/shall' का प्रर्ोग Future Perfect वाले भाग में होता है | दस
ू रे
भाग में Present Indefinite Tense का प्रर्ोग होगा|)
Correct Sentence By the time we reach the theatre, the show will have
begun.
2. By this time tomorrow, I will reach my home. Answers
(1) will be reaching (2) shall have reached
(3) can reach (4) No improvement 2. (2) कल इस समर् तक मैं घर
(SSC Section Officer (Commercial पहुाँच चक
ु ा हुाँगा।
Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005)
KD LIVE 6 Class Notes : TENSE
7
Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
Continuous Continuous Continuous
Action started in the Action to continue up to
Action started in the
past, continued and a certain future point of
past and still going
finished in the past. (जो time. (जो कार्य भववष्र् के
on. (जो कार्य भूतकाल में शुरू
कार्य भूतकाल में शुरू हुआ, चला ककसी समर् तक जार रहे गा)
हुआ और अभी भी चल रहा हो)
और भूतकाल में खत्म हो गर्ा)
जैसेेः By the end of this
जैसेेः I have been living जैसेेः He had been waiting year, I shall have been
in Delhi since for three hours before living here for ten
childhood. you came. years.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
Sub + has/ have + been + V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time.
(सकारात्मक वाक्र्)
Negative Sentence Sub + has/ have + not + been+V1 + ing + obj+ for/ since + time.
(नकारात्मक वाक्र्) Sub + hasn't/ haven't + been + V1+ ing + obj+ for/ since + time.
Interrogative Has/ have + Sub + + been + V1+ing + obj + for/ since + time?
Sentence Has/have + Sub +not+ been + V1+ing + obj + for/since +time?
(प्रश्नसू च क वाक्र्) Hasn't/ haven't + Sub + been + V1+ing + obj + for/since+time?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
Sub + had + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time.
(सकारात्मक वाक्र्)
Negative Sentence
Sub + had + not (hadn't)+ been + V1+ing + obj + for/since+time.
(नकारात्मक वाक्र्)
Interrogative Had + sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?
Sentence Had + sub + not+ been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?
(प्रश्नसू च क वाक्र्) Hadn't + sub + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/ since + time ?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense STRUCTURE
Positive Sentence
Sub + shall/will + have + been + V1 + ing + obj+for/from + time.
(सकारात्मक वाक्र्)
Negative Sentence Sub+shall/will+not+have+been+V1+ing + obj + for/from + time.
(नकारात्मक वाक्र्) Sub+shan't/won't+have+been+V1 + ing + obj + for/ from + time.
Interrogative Will/shall+sub + have + been + V1 + ing + obj + for/from +time?
Sentence Will/shall+sub+not+have+been+V1+ing+obj+for/from + time ?
(प्रश्नसू च क वाक्र्) Won't/shan't+sub+have+been+V1+ing+obj+for/ from+time ?
KD LIVE 8 Class Notes : TENSE
Verb Based Questions
The verbs which are not used in 'V1 + ing' form cannot come in 'Perfect
Continuous Tense'. They come in 'Perfect Tense'. (जजन verbs का प्रर्ोग 'v1 + ing'
form में नह ीं होता उनका प्रर्ोग Perfect Continuous Tense में नह ीं कर सकते। उनका प्रर्ोग
Perfect Tense में करें ।)
1. I have been liking chocolate since childhood.
Eg. 2. She has been preferring tea to coffee for years.
3. We have been knowing (1)/ each other (2)/ since we were children.
(3)/ No error.(4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 19.05.2013)
Answers
1. Change 'have been liking' into 'have liked'.
2. Change 'has been preferring' into 'has preferred'.
3. (1) Replace ‘have been knowing’ with ‘have known. ‘Know’ is not used in
continuous form.
Tense Based Questions
1. He is (1)/ residing here (2)/ since 1983. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC Stenographer (Grade 'C' & 'D' Exam. 09.01.2011)
2. Nalini says that (1)/ she is living in Chennai (2)/ since 1991. (3)/ No error
(4) (SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 21.10.2012 (2nd Sitting))
3. They are residing (1)/ in this city (2)/ for the last two decades. (3)/ No
error (4)
(SSC FCI Assistant Grade-III Main Exam. 07.04.2013)
4. Sam is working (1)/ in a bank in Chennai (2)/ for the past five years. (3)/ No
error. (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam. 19.05.2013)
5. By May next year I have been working in this college for twenty years.
(SSC CGL Tier-I Exam, 09.08.2015 (Ist Sitting) TF No. 1443088)
(1) No error (2) By May next year
(3) I have been working in this college (4) For twenty years.
Answers
1. (1) Replace ‘is’ with ‘has been’.
2. (2) Replace ‘is living’ with ‘has been living’.
An action that started in the Past and still going on comes under Present
Perfect Continuous Tense.
3. (1) Replace ‘are residing’ with ‘have been residing’.
4. (1) Replace ‘is working’ with ‘has been working’ because the action that started
in the Past and is still continuing comes under Present Perfect Continuous
Tense.
5. (3) Since the sentence talks about future time so it should be ‘shall have been’ in
the place of ‘have been’.
KD LIVE 9 Class Notes : TENSE
MISCELLANEOUS
1. This custom (1)/ has come down (2)/since times immemorial.(3)/No error.(4)
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 11.12.2011 (Ist Sitting (Delhi Zone)
2. I have been writing ten letters since morning.
Answers
1. (3) ‘time immemorial’ will replace ‘times immemorial’ because ‘time
immemorial ’ means ‘for longer than any one can remember’.
‘Times’ (बार) is countable
2. Change 'have been writing' into 'have written'. We cannot write ten letters
at one time. We can write one letter after the other.
Use of 'For' & 'Since'
When period/ duration is given, use for.
For जब समर् की अवधि का उल्लेख हो तब 'for' का प्रर्ोग करें ।
1. I lived in Delhi for ten years.
Eg. 2. I teach you for two hours every day.
Use of 'For' & 'Since'
Since When starting point of time is given, use since.
जब शुरूआती समर् का उल्लेख हो तब Since का प्रर्ोग करें ।
Perfect Tense
Since used in
Perfect Continuous Tense (Except Future
Perfect Continuous where we use 'from'.)
KD LIVE 10 Class Notes : TENSE
1 Calendar
2 Clock
Since used
with 3 Stages of life
Eg.
4 Parts of a day
1. Since 2009 (years), Since May
(months), Since Holi (Occasions), 5 Synonyms of Starting
Since 7th July (date), since Monday
(Days).
2. Since 7 O'clock, Since 8:30 pm. 4. Since morning, Since last night.
3. Since Childhood, Since adolescence. 5. Since beginning, Since inception.
1. Our new neighbours (1)/ had been living in Arizona (2)/ since ten years
before moving to their present house. (3)/ No error. (4)
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 09.09.2001)
2. I (1)/ have been studying (2)/since four hours. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 04.11.2012 (2nd Sitting)
3. I have (1)/ known him (2)/ since two years. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC Delhi Police Sub-Inspector (SI) Exam. 19.08.2012)
4. I have been (1)/ working in this organization (2)/ since three years. (3)/ No
error (4) (SSC FCI Assistant Grade-III Main Exam. 07.04.2013)
5. I have been waiting for you since two hours.
(1) for you (2) No error
(3) I have been waiting (4) since two hours
(SSC Constable (GD) Exam, 04.10.2015, IInd Sitting)
Answers
1. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’. ‘For’ is used for duration of time.
2. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’
For is used for ‘duration of time’
Since is used for ‘point of time’.
3. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’.
‘for’ is used for ‘duration of time’
‘since’ is used for ‘point of time’.
4. (3) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’.
‘for’ is used for ‘duration of time’.
‘Since’ is used for ‘Point of time’.
5. (4) Replace ‘since’ with ‘for’.
For is used for ‘duration of time’.
Since is used for ‘point of time’.
KD LIVE 11 Class Notes : TENSE
