MANDIBULAR INCISOR
MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISOR
It is the smallest tooth
in the permanent
dentition .
The length of the root
is greater, than that of
the upper central
incisor.
CHRONOLOGY:
Appearance of dental organ 5 months I.U.L.
Beginning of calcification 3-4 months
Crown completed 4-5 years
Eruption 6-7 years
Root completed 9 years
LABIAL SURFACE:
The crown:
The geometric outline is trapezoid with
the smallest side cervicailly
The mesial and distal outlines of the
crown are straight from the incisal angles
passing by the contact areas. Then, they
taper evenly to the narrow neck giving
the crown fan shaped appearance.
Incisal outline is straight and nearly
forming a right angle to the long axis of
the tooth.
Cervical line: is evenly convex
toward the root.
The mesio and distoincisal
angles are relatively sharp.
Contact areas: both are incisal
to the junction of the incisal and
middle thirds of the crown
nearly at the same level.
SURFACE ANATOMY:
The lablial surface of the crown is
convex, at the cervical third and
flattens out toward the incisal
third.
The laibial surface shows two
developmental grooves and three
mamelons.
Which are more demarketed in
newly erupted teeth
THE ROOT:
This tooth has a single root.
Its labial surface is narrow and
convex.
The mesial and distal outlines are
straight down to the apical portion.
Its apical third ends in a pointed
apex which tends to curve distally.
The root appears longer compared
to the crown length.
LINGUAL SURFACE:
The crown:
The crown is narrower on the lingual
surface (lingual convergency)
The marginal ridges and cingulum are
less developed.
The incisal ridge is narrow and rounded
or flat.
The lingual fossa is shallow in the middle
and incisal thirds.
The cervical line: is convex toward the
root.
THE ROOT:
The root is slightIy
narrower on the lingual
side than on the labial side.
Mesial surface:
The crown:
The geometric outline is
triangular with the base cervically
and the apex
incisally.
OUTLINE FORM:
The labial outline is convex from the
cervical line to the crest of curvature
in the cervical third (cervical ridge).
From the crest of curvature to the
incisal ridge, the labial outline is
nearly straight.
The lingual outline, is convex over
the cingulum. In the middle and
incisal thirds the lingual outline is
slightly concave. The lingual outline
of the narrow incisal ridge is convex
or flat.
The incisal ridge is lingual to
the root axis (a line bisecting
the root).
The cervical line is convex
incisally nearly one third of
the crown length
The mesial surface of the
crown is nearly flat in the
cervical and middle thirds and
convex in the incisal third.
The root:
The root outlines are nearly
straight from the cervical
line to the middle third;
then tapers to the rounded
or pointed apex.
The mesial surface of the
root is flat with a deep
developmental depression
DISTAL SURFACE:
The crown:
Similar to the mesial but the
cervical line curves incisally
about 1 mm less.
The root:
- Similar to the mesial but with
a deeper developmental
depression and groove at its
center.
INCISAL ASPECT:
The incisal ridge (or edge) is almost
at right angles to a line bisecting the
crown labiolingually.
The labiolingual dimension is always
greater than the mesiodistal
dimension
(the reverse is true for upper
incisors)
The labial surface of the
crown is slightly convex at
the incisal third
The lingual surface of the
crown is slightly Concave at
the incisal third.
The crown tapers lingually,
therefore, the labial outline is
broader than the lingual
outline.
MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISOR
It is similar to the lower central
incisor but slightly larger
Its incisal ridge or edge inclined
distally .
CHRONOLOGY:
Appeance of dental organ 5 months
(I.U.L.)
Beginning of calcification 3-4 months
Crown completed 4-5 years
Eruption 6-7 years
Root completed 9 years
THE CROWN:
Resemble that of he lower central
incisor with some differences
1. The mesial outline of the crown is
often longer than the distal outline,
2. The distal contact area is more
cervically than the mesial contact area
3. The incisal ridge is slightly wider
mesiodistally
4. The incisal ridge slopes downward
in a distal direction.
5. It has a more fan-shaped
appearance from the labial aspect.
6. The distoincisal angle of the
lower lateral incisor is relatively
more rounded and obtuse than the
sharp mesioincisal angle of the
lower central.
7. It has faint mesial and distal
marginal ridges as well as cingulum
which are less developed than those
in the lower central incisor
THE ROOT:
It is similar to that of the central incisor,
but is slightly longer
Mesial and distal surfaces:
The crown:
There is no marked difference between
lower central and lateral incisors, except
for size and the location of contact area.
The concavity immediately above the
cervical line on the distal surface of the
lower lateral incisor is deeper than that
of the lower central incisor.
The root:
The root is similar to that of the lower
central incisor
Incisal aspect:
The crown of the lower lateral incisor
twisted distolingually slightly on its root
in order to allow the incisive ridge to
follow the curve of the dental arch.
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