PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL
PRODUCTION AND
ECONOMICS
TERMINOLOGIES AND
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Scientific Names of Farm Animals
• Horse- Equus caballus
• Cattle with hump- Bos indicus
• Cattle w/o hump- Bos taurus
• Carabao- Bubalus bubalis
• Sheep- Ovies aries
• Goat- Capra hircus
• Swine- Sus domesticus
Poultry
• Chicken- Gallus domesticus
• Turkey- Meleagris gallopavo
• Mallard Duck- Anas bochas domestica
• Muscovy Duck- Cairina moschata
• Goose- Anser anser
• Swan- Anser cygnoides
• Quail- Coturnix coturnix japonica
• Pigeon- Columba livia domestica
• Guinea fowl- Numida meleagris
• Peafowl- Pavo cristatus
• Pheasant- Phasianus colchicus
• Ostrich- Strutio camellus
Terminologies
– Horse
1. Stallion- matured male horse for breeding and
for work.
2. Mare- matured female
3. Colt- young male
4. Filly- young female
5. Gelding- castrated young male
6. Ridgling- a stallion with one or both testes can’t
descend to scrotal sac.
7. Foal- young horse of either sex
8. Foaling- parturition in horse
9. Yeldmare- dry mare
10. Stag- castrated matured male
Cattle
• Bull- matured male
• Cow- matured female
• Bull calf- young male
• Heifer- young female
• Steer or bullock- castrated young male
• Free martin- a sterile female ox is born twin to a
male ox.
• Calf- young cattle of either sex
• Calving- parturition in cattle
• Beef- meat of matured cattle
• Veal- meat of young cattle
Carabao
• Carabull- matured male
• Caracow- matured female
• Caraheifer- young female
• Carasteer- castrated young male
• Caracalf- young carabao of either sex
• Caracalving- parturition in carabao
• Carabeef- meat of matured carabao
• Caraveal- meat of young carabao
Sheep
• Ram- matured male
• Ewe- matured female
• Lamb- young of either sex
• Lambing- parturition
• Wether sheep-castrated young male
• Stag- castrated matured male
• Wool- hair covering of sheep
• Shearing- clipping of fleece
• Lambchop- meat of young
• Mutton- meat of matured sheep
Goat
• Buck of Billy Goat- matured male
• Doe or Nanny Goat- matured female
• Kid- young of either sex
• Kidding- parturition
• Wether- castrated young male
• Stag- castrated matured male
• Chevon- meat
• Browse plants- shrubs or trees nibbled by goats
• Tethering- restraining an animal with a rope or
chain
Swine
• Boar- matured male for breeding
• Junior boar- young male
• Sow- matured female that has given birth
• Gilt- young female and has not yet given birth
• Suckling- young pig from birth up to weaning
• Barrow- castrated young male
• Stag- castrated matured male
• Farrowing- parturition
• Pork- meat
• Litter- group of pigs born in one farrrowing
• Litter size- the number of pigs in one litter
• Colostrum- first milk of dam
• Meconium- first fecal matter of newborn suckling
Rabbit- Oryctolagus cuniculus
• Buck- matured male
• Doe- matured female
• Bunny- young of either sex
• Kindling- parturition
• Lapan- meat
• Hutch- shelter of rabbits
Poultry
• Chicken
1. Rooster or cock- matured male
2. Hen- matured female
3. Cockerel- young male
4. Pullet- young female
5. Straight run chicks- DOC of either sex
6. Broiler- type of chicken raised for meat
7. Layer- type of chicken raised for egg
8. Fryer- chicken harvested at 1 kg or less.
9. Incubation- process of hatching fertile eggs
10. Brooding- providing heat to newly hatch chicks
Chicken
11. Oviposition- act of laying egg
12. Threading- act of mating in fowls
13. Caponization- removal of testes
14. Poulardization- removal of ovary
15. Dubbing- removal of comb
16. Debeaking- removal of upper portion of beak
to prevent cannibalism
17. Dewattling- removal of wattle
Poultry
Duck
1. Drake- matured male
2. Hen- matured female
3. Duckling- young of either sex
Goose
1. Gander- matured male
2. Hen- matured female
3. Gosling- young of either sex
Swan
1. Cob- matured male
2. Pen- matured female
3. Cygnet- young of either sex
Poultry
Turkey
1.Tom or Gobbler- matured male
2. Hen- matured female
3. Poult- young of either sex
Pigeon
1. Cock- matured male
2. Hen- matured female
3. Squab- young/meat
Guinea fowl
1. Keets- young of either sex
• Dog- Canis familiaris
• Butch- male
• Bitch- female
• Puppy-young
• Whelping- parturition
• Copulation- mating
• Pack- group of dog
• Cat- Felis catus
• Tom-male
• Queen-female
• Clowder- group of cats
• Kitten- young
• Queening- parturition
Animal Nutrition
• Feed- edible material needed by animal for growth,
health and reproduction.
• Ration- feed given to animals for one day
• Ruminants- animals possessing compound stomach
• Non-ruminants- animals with simple stomach
• Nutrients- substances needed by animals to sustain life
• Roughage- feed with high fiber content and low protein
• Concentrates- feed with high protein content and low
fiber
• Fodder crops- feed material for ruminant animals,
either fresh or dry, but usually cereals.
• Silage- fermented forage crops
• Soilage- fresh forage crops
Animal Breeding
Terms
1. Abortion- expulsion of dead fetus before the
end of gestation period.
2. Premature birth- expulsion of live fetus
before the end of gestation period.
3. Stillbirth-expulsion of dead fetus at the end
of gestation period.
4. Fertility- ability of the animal to produce
viable offsprings.
5. Barrenness- reproductive failure in animal.
6. Prolificacy- ability of the animal to produce
large number of offsprings.
Animal Breeding Terms
7. Fecundity- ability of the animal to
produce large number of sperm or ova.
8. Potency- ability of the male animal to
perform copulation.
9. Conception Rate- the number of
pregnant female to the number of bred
female in the herd.
10. Dystocia- difficult parturition
Reproductive Phenomena in
Mammals
• Age of Puberty- sexual maturity
• Heat of Estrus Period- desire of female animal to be
mated.
• Heat or estrus cycle- Onset of first heat up to next heat
period.
• Ovulation- shedding of ova from ovary.
• Copulation- act of mating
• Fertilization- union of sperm and ova to form a zygote.
• Nidation- implantation of zygote in the horn of the uterus.
• Gestation- act of pregnancy
• Parturition- act of delivery
• Lactation- act of nursing the newborn animal
• Weaning- act of separating the young from the dam or
mother.
The End!
Thank You!
