Terahertz Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for
2022 5th International Conference on Multimedia, Signal Processing and Communication Technologies (IMPACT) | 978-1-6654-7647-8/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IMPACT55510.2022.10029098
Mode Suppression
Sajjan Kumar Jha Gaurav Varshney Rabindra Kumar
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering Communication Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Patna National Institute of Technology, Patna National Institute of Technology, Patna
Bihar, India Bihar, India Bihar, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Abstract— Terahertz has great flexibility of miniaturizing exist in order to sweep the performance of antenna without
the antenna allowing it to be integrated with other micro scale making it undergo the processing every time.
devices for communication purposes. This paper deals with a Hence, in this paper, a simple microstrip patch antenna has
circular patch Terahertz antenna designed and numerically been used over which the graphene material is laid out in
studied over the frequency range of 3 – 10 THz operating with
circular loop form. The antenna works suitably well in the
three modes. The 2-dimensional graphene material is laid onto
the top surfaces with single layer and its chemical potential is frequency range of the 0.1 – 10 THz and operates with three
swept to reflect the tunable behavior of antenna. The antenna modes. All these modes performances are swept in operating
shows the performance tunability and higher mode suppression domain with the help of graphene. The entire antenna
with chemical potential. The radiation pattern of proposed geometry is mechanically supported with the help of silicon
antenna is studied and maximum gain of 6.55 dBi without dioxide acting as a substrate. The antenna has an acceptable
graphene and 2.68 dBi with graphene is achieved. reflection coefficient for providing the feature of radiations
Keywords—Graphene, Chemical Potential, Tunability, II. ANTENNA STRUCUTRE
Terahertz Antenna, Relaxation time, Patch.
The antenna structure is shown in the Fig.1. The designed
I. INTRODUCTION antenna consists of simple circular patch resting over the top
surface of silicon dioxide acting as substrate, having the
Terahertz waves are the electromagnetic waves that falls relative permittivity of = 3.5 . The substrate has the
within the frequency range of 0.1 - 10 THz with the dimensions of × × ℎ , where ℎ = 1.6 and the
wavelength of 0.03 – 3 mm in EM spectrum [1]. The circular patch has the radius of and the thickness of 0.035
Terahertz wave recently came under the great recognition for
. The single layer of graphene has been layered onto the
realizing various devices such as modulator[1], filter [2],
radiating patch with the thickness of 0.34 and the inner
sensors [3], [4], antennas [5], [6], absorber[3] etc. Terahertz
offers the great means making it suitable for fields of wireless and outer radius of and . The other various parameters of
communications [7], biomedical sensors [4], imaging[8] etc. graphene like chemical potential, relaxation time,
The utmost features that this wave possesses are wide temperature (in kelvin) etc. are set to achieve the required
bandwidth and high data rate which is top most requirement performance swept. The antenna uses partial ground with
for wireless communication. The antenna is regarded as most dimension × at the bottom side and the microstrip
essential component of any wireless communication. Hence, transmission line with length and width . The
designing an antenna that works appropriately using transmission line feed, circular metallic patch and the partial
Terahertz waves will provide very efficient and robust ground can be of any efficient and thermodynamically stable
communication. metal like silver etc.
Terahertz antennas have the benefits of their miniaturization In Fig.1 the green color represents the metallic patch and
that facilitate their accommodation for any enclosures and ground and the black color represent graphene. The detailed
integration with other components over large system. The dimensions of the antenna are given in Table I
processing techniques of Terahertz antenna requires
specialized equipment. Therefore, some means are needed to
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Table I: The dimensions of the proposed antenna structure (in )
Dimensions ! " #
Values 30 35.72 12 8.57 5.45 1 5.52 30
mode sweeps in the opposite direction of frequency. i.e., the
fundamental mode towards higher frequency and first higher
order mode towards lower frequency regime. The tendency
of antenna to switch towards the mode suppression is clearly
observed from Fig.3. When chemical potential is varied to 0.2
, the antenna works only with fundamental mode by
suppressing the first higher mode and offering the frequency
tunablity towards higher Terahertz frequency regime.
Fig.1 The geometry of the proposed antenna
III. RESULTS
The proposed antenna has been numerically studied and its
important performance parameters have been obtained and
discussed below. The tunable capability of the antenna is
Fig.3 The S11 parameter response for different chemical potential (in
shown with respect to reflection coefficient with chemical )
potential variation. The radiation pattern of the antenna with
and without graphene is also been shown. B. Radiation pattern
A. Reflection Coefficient Radiation pattern is another important parameter deciding the
radiation capability of antenna [9]. Fig.4 represents the
The Fig.2 shows the comparative S11 parameter response of radiation pattern of antenna without graphene and with
the antenna for graphene free and with graphene structure graphene. Without graphene the antenna has a main lobe in
over the frequency of 3 – 9 THz. A graphene free structure one direction at 3.8521 THz with the gain of 6.55 dBi. The
provides resonance at three different frequencies, namely, radiation pattern at 6.3291 THz shows the power radiation in
3.8, 6.3 and 8.6 THz with S11 of -12 dB, -13.8 dB, 11 dB. two different directions with the gain of 4.8 dBi. When
When graphene is patterned on the structure by setting its graphene is introduced to the structure and chemical potential
parameters like temperature = 300 K, relaxation time ( ) = is set to 0 eV, the frequency is tuned to 3.4561 THz and
0.1ps, thickness = 0.34 and chemical potential = 0 eV antenna radiates maximally in one direction with 2.68 dBi of
(initially), the resonance frequency is tuned to towards the gain. The other resonating frequency, i.e., at 6 THz, achieves
lower frequency and with increased impedance matching. the radiation pattern with gain of 0.05681 dBi.
The graphene causes the suppression of higher mode and
allowing only two modes of operations. To study the effect
of graphene on the antenna performance, the S11 parameter is
obtained for different values of chemical potential.
Fig.2 The S11 parameter response of antenna
Fig.3 represents S11 parameter for the chemical potential
= 0 − 0.5 and its affect on the antenna performances.
The effect of graphene can be stated in two perspectives,
namely, tunability and mode suppression. Fig.4 The radiation pattern of antenna without graphene at (a)
When chemical potential is at 0 and 0.1 , the antenna works 3.8521 and (b) 6.3291 THz and with graphene ( = 0 ) at (c)
with two frequency band resonating at 3.8 and 6.3. At this 3.4561 and (d) 6 THz
value of chemical potential, one higher order mode has been
suppressed relative to without graphene. The two operating
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IV. CONCLUSION
A circular patch antenna with graphene material is designed
and numerically studied. The antenna performance
tunability is achieved by varying the chemical potential of
graphene over 0-0.5 eV. This variation led to suppression
of higher order mode and allowing antenna to operate on
single frequency band. The designed antenna provides the
maximum gain of 6.55 dBi. Hence, the proposed antenna
can be regarded proficient entity for communication.
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