PSNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ANDTECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous institution affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND BUSINESS

SYSTEMS

A FIVE DAY WORKSHOP ON IOT- FUTURE OF IOT

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS FOR BUSINESSES
DAY 1: INTRODUCTION TO IOT AND ARCHITECTURE

DATE: 28.08.2023

INTRODUCTION TO IOT:

 An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use

embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and communication
hardware.

 To collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments.

 Iot devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to cloud server.

APPLICATIONS OF IOT:

TECHNOLOGIES USED IN IOT:

Identification
 Unique ID (IP address)
 Optical ID (bar-code, qr-code, etc)
 RFID

Sensing
 Light, gas, noise, moisture sensors and etc.
 Intellectual counters
 Complex measuring circuitry

Communication
 Wired (ethernet, SPI, I2R)
 Wireless (wifi, bluetooth, Zigbee,RF,NFC)

ARCHITECTURE OF IOT
1. The perception layer of an IoT system architecture, also known as the device
layer, consists of multiple elements – sensors, cameras, actuators, and similar
devices that gather data and perform tasks.
2. Transport layer:As the name suggests, it is the connecting layer between
perception and middleware layer. It gets data from perception layer and passes
data to middleware layer using networking technologies like 3G, 4G, UTMS,
WiFI, infrared, etc.
3. Processing layer:Middleware Layer has some advanced features like storage,
computation, processing, action taking capabilities. It stores all data-set and based
on the device address and name it gives appropriate data to that device.
4. The application layer manages all application process based on information
obtained from middleware layer. This application involves sending emails,
activating alarm, security system, turn on or off a device, smartwatch, smart
agriculture, etc.
5. Business layer:The success of any device does not depend only on technologies
used in it but also how it is being delivered to its consumers. Business layer does
these tasks for the device.

DAY 2: INTRODUCTION OF SENSORS AND DIGITAL SENSOR WITH

ARDUINO

DATE: 29.08.2023

IOT DEVICES:
 SENSORS
 ADC
 MICRO CONTROLLER
 DAC
 ACTUATORS
SENSORS:
Potentiometer Sensor
A potentiometer, informally a pot, is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or
rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider.
Temperature Sensor:
 Gathers data concerning the temperature from a source.
 Converts it into a form that can be displayed and understood by a user or
another device
Ultrasonic Sensors:
 Mechanical engineering/machine tool
 Food and beverage
 Woodworking and furniture
 Building materials
 Agriculture
 Construction
PIR Sensor:
 Passive Infra Red or Pyroelectric or IR motion sensors Sense Motion
 Measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view
Flex Sensors- Applications
 Automotive controls
 Medical Devices
 Fitness Products
 Virtual Reality gaming consoles
 Animatronics, Robotics
Humidity sensor:
 Humidity sensor or dew sensor or hygrometer

 Senses, measures and reports the relative humidity in the air.

 It therefore measures both moisture and air temperature.

 Relative humidity is the ratio of actual moisture in the air to the highest
amount of moisture that can be held at that air temperature.
Soil Moisture Sensor:
Measures the volumetric water content in soil.
Applications:
 Agriculture
 Landscape irrigation
 Research
  Simple sensors for gardeners

INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO:

The workshop delved into the fundamentals of Arduino, a versatile open-source

electronics platform. We learned about:
 Arduino architecture and components.
 The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
 Writing and uploading a simple "Hello World" program to an Arduino
board.

 Basic input/output operations with LEDs and buttons.

Day 3 - Introduction, Installation, and Basic Programming in IoT

Date: 30.08.23

Day 3 of the Internet of Things (IoT) workshop focused on practical aspects,

with an emphasis on the installation of necessary software, setting up
development environments, and hands-on programming exercises. Participants
delved into the intricacies of basic programming using Arduino, specifically
workingon a project involving LED light blinking.
INSTALLATION PROCESS:

Detailed step-by-step instructions were provided to ensure a smooth

setup experience.

Hands-On Project: LED Light Blinking:

The highlight of the day was a hands-on project where participants applied
their programming skills to make an LED blink using bothArduino.

This project allowed them to

1. Apply the concepts of digital output and input.
2. Understand the role of delay in programming for timing.

The practical experience gained through the LED blinking project served to
solidify the understanding of programming concepts on both Arduino and
Raspberry Pi platforms.

2. Introduction to Traffic Light Simulation:

Participants were introduced to the concept of simulating a traffic light using

Arduino. Key components covered included:

1. Overview of traffic light control logic.

2. Mapping the traffic light states to Arduino code.

3. Use of functions for modular and efficient code.

Hands-On Project: Traffic Light Simulation:

Participants engaged in a hands-on project where they implemented a

traffic light simulation using LEDs and Arduino. This project allowed
them to:

 Apply their knowledge of programming logic.

 Gain experience in state-based systems.

 Understand the importance of timing in traffic light
control.

3. Introduction to Soil Moisture Sensing:

The workshop then transitioned to the practical application ofIoT in agriculture by
introducing soil moisture sensing. Key topics covered included:

 Importance of soil moisture monitoring in

agriculture.
 Overview of soil moisture sensors and their types.

 Basics of interfacing a soil moisture sensor with

Raspberry Pi.
Hands-On Project: Soil Moisture Sensing:

Participants were provided with soil moisture sensors and guided

through the process of interfacing them with Raspberry Pi. This
hands-on project allowed participants to:

1. Understand analog sensor readings.

2. Implement conditional statements based on soil

moisture levels.

3. Explore the potential for IoT in agriculture.

Day 4 – IOT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AND WIFI CONNECT
WITH ARDUINO

DATE: 31.08.2023

Day 4 of the Internet of Things (IoT) workshop focused on communication

protocols used in Iot,and Arduino connect Wifi and Bluetooth practical aspects
with an emphasis on the installation of necessary software, setting up
development environments, and hands-on programming exercises.

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS:

 There are multiple IoT protocols available, with each one offering certain
capabilities or combinations of features that make it preferable over other
options for specific IoT deployments.

 Each IoT protocol enables either device-to-device, device-to-gateway or

device-to-cloud/data center communication or combinations of those
communications.

BLUETOOTH AND WIFI USING ARUDINO:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
const char* ssid = "SELVA";
const char* password = "SELVA4444";
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(10);
// Connecting to a WiFi network
Serial.println();
Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
 }
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void loop()
{
// int n=WiFi.scanNetworks();
// Serial.print(n);
// for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
// {
//
// Serial.print(WiFi.SSID(i));
// Serial.print("\n");
//
// }

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)

{
delay(500);
Serial.print("connected .....");
Serial.print(WiFi.RSSI());
Serial.print("\n");
}
}

Day 5 – WORKING WITH SENSORS USING CLOUD PLATFORMS and

RASPERRY Pi

DATE: 01.09.2023

Day 5 of the Internet of Things (IoT) workshop focused on Cloud platforms and
Rasperry pi practical aspects with an emphasis on the installation of necessary
software, setting up development environments, and hands-on programming
exercises.

Send Data to the Cloud with Arduino

Step 1: Arduino
Step 2: Setup AskSensors.
Step 3: Coding.
Step 4: Programming.
Step 5: Running the Code.
Step 6: Visualize Data.
Step 7: Well Done!

Connecting Arduino with Cloud:

// MAC
byte mac[] = { 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED };
// Set the static IP address to use if the DHCP fails to assign
IPAddress ip(192, 168, 1, 177);
// ASKSENSORS config.
Const char* apiKeyIn = "MTWN7AQOLWJNEIF8RGMAW5EGKQFAHN2K";
// Change it with your API KEY IN
// dummy data
int dumData = 100; // set your data

RASPERRY Pi
 Raspberry Pi is a credit card sized single computer board. that plugs into a
computer monitor or TV and uses a standard keyboard and mouse.
Features:
 Broadcom BCM2836 900MHz Quad Core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU.
 1GB RAM.
 4 USB ports.
 40 GPIO pins.
 Full HDMI port.
 Ethernet port.
 Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video.
 Camera interface (CSI).
 Display interface (DSI).
 Micro SD card slot.
 VideoCore IV 3D graphics core .

Boards Bluetooth Communication Ethernet

Raspberry 1 No support Yes supporting

Raspberry pi zero Yes supporting No

Raspberry 3 Yes supporting Yes supporting

Raspberry 4 Yes supporting Yes supporting

Python script using Rasperry pi:

Update the package database with apt-get

If you don’t update this database, the system won’t know if there are newer
packages available or not.
In fact, this is the first command you need to run on any Debian-based Linux
system after a fresh install.
Command:sudoapt-getupdate
Newpackageinstalliation:
Command: sudo apt-get install <package_name>
Command:sudoapt-getinstallpinta
FINAL TEST

The 1-hour test conducted at the conclusion of the 5-day IoT workshop aimed to
assess participants' understanding of the concepts, principles, and practical
applications covered throughout the workshop. The test covered a range of
topics, including Iot fundamentals, platforms, communication protocols used in
Iot, Arduino and Raspberry Pi basics, programming skills, hands-on projects, and
advanced applications such as fragrance testing, gas leakage detection, object
detection, and automatic traffic lights.
The test consisted of a combination of multiple- choice questions, coding
exercises, and scenario-based questions. The questions were designed to
evaluate both theoretical knowledge and practical problem-solving skills.