F0/0 S0/0/0

Router A S0/0/1
S0/0/1 F0/0
Router B

S0/0/0

Router C F0/0
F0/1
Dallas
150 Hosts New York
Washington D.C. 325 Hosts
220 Hosts
Address class __
____
____
_____
_____
____ B____
____
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_
Custom subnet mask __
____
____ 255.255.240.0
_____
_____
____
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
Minimum number of subnets needed __
____ 5
____
____
___
_
____4____
+ ____
Extra subnets required for 70% growth __ ____
(Round up to the next whole number)

____ 9____
= ____
Total number of subnets needed __ ____
Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group __ 325
____
____
____
___
_
Number of addresses needed for
228
+ ____
70% growth in the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet __
____
= ____
____
553 ____
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for New York 135.126.0.0

__ ____
____ _____
_____
____to____
____ 135.126.15.255
____
_____
_____
____
____
___
_
IP address range for Washington D. C. 135.126.16.0
____
__ ____
_____
_____
____ to
____ 135.126.31.255
135.126.31.2
____
____
_____
_____
____
____55
___
_
IP address range for Dallas 135.126.32.0
____
__ ____
_____
_____
____ to
____ 135.126.47.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection 135.126.48.0
____
__ ____
_____
_____
____ to
____ 135.126.63.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
___
_
IP address range for Router A
64 to Router C serial connection 135.126.64.0
____
__ ____
_____
_____
____
____
____
to ____
_____
_____
____
____
___
135.126.79.255 _

6 3 1
5 2 6 8 4 2 1
,5 ,7 ,3 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 5
2
Number of
3 6 8 9 9 4 1
6 8 4 2 6 8 4 2
Hosts - . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 6 2
S
1 3 5
1 2 4 8 6 2
h
5 0 0 ,0 ,1 ,3 ,7 ,5
Number of 1 2 4 9 9 8 6 3 o
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
2 4 8 6 2 4 8 6
w
y
 Binary values 128 64 2 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 2 16 8 4 2 1 o
ru
135. 126 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w
o
(1) . 0 135.126.0.0 to 135.126.15.255 rk
(2) 1 135.126.16.0 to 135.126.31.255 fo
r
(3) 1 0 135.126.32.0 to 135.126.47.255 P
(4) 1 1 135.126.48.0 to 135.126.63.255 ro
b
(5) 1 0 0 135.126.64.0 to 135.126.79.255 le
(6) 1 0 1 135.126.80.0 to 135.126.95.255 m
(7))
(7 1 1 0 135.126.96.0 to 135.126.111.255 4
in
(8))
(8 1 1 1 135.126.112.0 to 135.126.127.255
135.126.128.0 to 135.126.143.255 hte
(9)
(10) 1 . 0 0 01 135.126.144.0 to 135.126.159.255 s
(11) 1 . 0 1 0 135.126.160.0 to 135.126.175.255 p
a
(12) 1 . 0 1 1 135.126.176.0 to 135.126.191.255 c
e
(13) 1 . 1 0 0 135.126.192.0 to 135.126.207.255 b
e
(14) 1 . 1 0 1 135.126.208.0 to 135.126.223.255 lo
w
(15) 1 . 1 1 0 135.126.224.0 to 135.126.239.255 .
(16) 1 . 1 1 1 135.126.240.0 to 135.126.1255.255

6
5

Practical Subnetting 5
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
t hat will
supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets and
hosts for 100% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.

IP Address 210.15.10.0

F0/1
F0/0

Science Room Tech Ed Lab

10 Hosts 18 Hosts

English classroom
15 Hosts Art Classroom
12 Hosts

Address class __
____
____
_____
_____
____ C____
____
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_
Custom subnet mask __
____
____255.255.255.192
_____
_____
____
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
Minimum number of subnets needed __
____ 2____
____ ____
Extra subnets required for 100% growth
 (Round up to the next whole number)
+ 2
____4____
= ____
Total number of subnets needed __ ____
Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group __
____30
____
____
___
_
Number of addresses needed for
30
+ ____
100% growth in the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

60
= ____
needed for the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

210.15.10.0
IP address range for Router F0/0 Port __
____
____
_____
_____
____ to____
____ 210.15.10.63
210.15.10.6
____ _____
_____
____
____3_
___

210.15.10.64
210.15.10.6
IP address range for Router F0/1 Port __
____
____
_____
_____ 4 ____
____ to____
____ 210.15.10.127
_____
_____
____
____
___
_

66

Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

Number of
Number of - 256
Subnets 2 128
4 64 32 32
8 16 16 64
8 128
4 256
2 - Hosts
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
210. 15 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(1) 0 210.15.10.0 to 210.15.10.63
(2) 1 210.15.10.64 to 210.15.10.127
(3) 1 0 210.15.10.128 to 210.15.10.191
(4) 1 1 210.15.10.192 to 210.15.10.255
 67

Practical Subnetting 6
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
t hat will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 20%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.
below.
IP Address 10.0.0.0
S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/1 Technology
S0/0/1 S0/0/0 Router B Building
F0/0
F0/1 320 Hosts
S0/0/0 S0/0/1
Art & Drama Router C
Administration
75 Hosts 35 Hosts
F0/0 F0/1

Science Building
225 Hosts

Address class __
____
____
_____
_____
____ A____
____
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_
Custom subnet mask __
____
____
_____255.240.0.0
_____
____
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
Minimum number of subnets needed __
____ 7 ____
____
____
Extra subnets required for 20% growth ____
__ 2 ____
+ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed

 = ____
Total number of subnets needed __
____ 9 ____
____
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

__10.0.0.0
IP address range for Technology ____
____
_____
_____to____
____ 10.15.255.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
10.16.0.0
IP address range for Science __
____
____
_____
_____to
____ 10.31.255.255
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
10.32.0.0
IP address range for Arts & Drama ____
__ ____
_____
_____to
____ 10.47.255.255
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
10.48.0.0
IP Address range Administration __
____
____
_____
_____to
____ 10.63.255.255
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection ____
__ ____
_____
_____
10.64.0.0 ____
____
to ____
____
_____
_____
____
10.79.255.255 ____
____
IP address range for Router A
10.80.0.0
to Router C serial connection __
____
____
_____
_____to
____ 10.95.255.255
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
IP address range for Router B
10.96.0.0
to Router C serial connection __
____
____
_____ to____
_____
____ 10.111.255.255
10.111.255.2
____
____
_____
_____
____55
____
____

68

4 2 1 5 2
,1 ,0 ,0 1 6
6
Number of 9 4 2 3 3 1
9 2 1 5 4 2 1
4 7 8 4 2 6 8

Hosts
,30 ,15 ,5 ,2 ,14 ,0 ,5 ,7 ,3 ,19 ,0 ,0 ,02 5
- 4 2
7
6
8
8 4
7
2
3
6
6
8
8
4 2
9
6
4
8 4
1
2
. 256 128 64 32 16
16 8 4 2
2 5 1 2 4
6 1 ,0 ,0 ,1

S
1 3 3 6 2 4 9
1 2 4 5 2 9
8 6 2 1 4 8 7 4

h
5 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,3 ,5 ,0 ,1 ,3
Number of
,1 ,7 ,2 ,5 ,1
2 9 3 4 5 0
.
7

.
1 4 9 8
o
6 8 7
4 2 8 6 2 4 8 6 2 4 8 6 2 4
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 w
Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y
o
u
r
(1) 0 10.0.0.0 to 10.15.255.255 w
(2) 1 10.16.0.0 to 10.32.255.255 rk
o
(3) 1 0 10.32.0.0 to 10.47.255.255 fo
(4) 1 1 10.48.0.0 to 10.63.255.255
rP
((5 to
6)) 11 0
0 01 10.64.0.0
10.80.0.0 to
10.79.255.255
10.95.255.255
ro
b
(7))
(7 1 1 0 10.96.0.0 to 10.111.255.255 le
m
(8))
(8 1 1 1 10.112.0.0 to 10.127.255.255 6
(9) 1 0 0 0 10.128.0.0 to 10.143.255.255 in
(10) 1 0 0 1 10.144.0.0 to 10.159.255.255 t
h
(11) 1 0 1 0 10.160.0.0 to 10.175.255.255 e
(12) 1 0 1 1 10.176.0.0 to 10.191.255.255 s
p
(13) 1 1 0 0 10.192.0.0 to 10.207.255.255 a
c
(14) 1 1 0 1 10.208.0.0 to 10.223.255.255 e
to e
b
lo
(15) 1 1 1 01 10.224.0.0
(16) 10.240.0.0 to 10.239.255.255
10.255.255.255 w
.

6
9
 Practical Subnetting 7
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme thatt hat will
supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets and
hosts for 125% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.
IP Address 177.135.0.0
S0/0/0
Router A
S0/0/0 F0/0
F0/0 Router B

F0/1

Administration
Research Deployment
Marketing 33 Hosts Sales 135 Hosts 63 Hosts
75 Hosts 255 Hosts

Address class __
____
____
_____
_____
____ B____
____
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_

Custom subnet mask ____

__ ____
_____
_________
____
____
____
255.255.252.0 _____
_____
____
____
___
_
Minimum number of subnets needed __
____ 4____
____ ____
____5
+ ____
Extra subnets required for 125% growth __ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

____ 9____
= ____
Total number of subnets needed __ ____
Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group __
____363
36
____3____
____
Number of addresses needed for
454
+ ____
125% growth in the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

817
= ____
needed for the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

177.135.0.0
IP address range for Router A Port F0/0 ____
__ ____
_____
_____
____to
____ 177.135.3.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
177.135.4.0
IP address range for Research ____
__ ____
_____
_____
____to
____ 177.135.7.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
177.135.8.0
IP address range for Deployment __
____
____
_____
_____
____to____
____177.135.11.255
177.135.11.2
____
_____
_____
____ 55
____
___
_
IP address range for Router A
to Router B serial connection 177.135.12.0
____
__ ____
_____
_____
____
____
to____
____
_____
_____
____
____
177.135.15.255___
_

70
 6 3 1
5 2 6 8 4 2 1
,5 ,7 ,3 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 5
2
Number of
3 6 8 9 9 4 1
6 8 4 2 6 8 4 2
Hosts - . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 6 2
S
1 3 5
1 2 4 8 6 2
h
5 0 0 ,0 ,1 ,3 ,7 ,5
Number of 1
2
2
4
4 9 9
2
8
4
6 3 o
w
8 6 8 6

Subnets
Binary values -- 128
2 64
4 328 16
16 32
8 64
4 128
2 256
1 .. 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 y
o
u
177.135 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r
w
o
(1) . 0 177.135.0.0 to 177.135.3.255 rk
(2) 1 177.135.4.0 to 177.135.7.255 fo
r
(3) 1 0 177.135.8.0 to 177.135.11.255 P
(4) 1 1 177.135.12.0 to 177.135.15.255 ro
b
(5) 1 0 0 177.135.16.0 to 177.135.19.255 le
(6) 1 0 1 177.135.20.0 to 177.135.23.255 m
177.135.24.0 to 177.135.27.255 7
in
(8)
(7)
(7
(8) 1 1 01 177.135.28.0 to 177.135.31.255
t
(9) 1 . 0 0 0 177.135.32.0 to 177.135.35.255 h
e
(10) 1 . 0 0 1 177.135.36.0 to 177.135.39.255 s
(11) 1 . 0 1 0 177.135.40.0 to 177.135.43.255 p
a
(12) 1 . 0 1 1 177.135.44.0 to 177.135.47.255 c
e
(13) 1 . 1 0 0 177.135.48.0 to 177.135.51.255 b
e
(14) 1 . 1 0 1 177.135.52.0 to 177.135.55.255 lo
w
(15) 1 . 1 1 0 177.135.56.0 to 177.135.59.255 .
(16) 1 . 1 1 1 177.135.60.0 to 177.135.63.255

7
1

Practical Subnetting 8
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
t hat will
supply the minimum number subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 85%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.
below.

IP Address 192.168.1.0
F0/0 S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/1 F0/1
Router B
F0/0

New York
8 Hosts

Boston
5 Hosts
Research & Development
8 Hosts
 Address class __
____
____
_____
_____
____ C____
____
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_
Custom subnet mask __
____
____255.255.255.224
_____
_____
____
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
Minimum number of subnets needed __
____ 3____
____ ____

Extra subnets required

(Round up for
to the85% growth
next whole number) __
____
+ ____
3____
____

____6____
= ____
Total number of subnets needed __ ____
Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group __
____13
____
____
___
_
Number of addresses needed for
12
+ ____
85% growth in the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

25
= ____
needed for the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Router A F0/0 __192.168.1.0

____
____
_____
_____
____ to ____
____
____192.168.1.31
_____
_____
____
____
____
192.168.1.32
IP address range for New York ____
__ ____
_____
_____
____ to____
____
____192.168.1.63
_____
_____
____
____
____

IP address range for Router A

192.168.1.64
to Router B serial connection ____
__ ____
_____
_____
____ to____
____ 192.168.1.95
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_

72

Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
192. 168 . 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(1) 0 192.168.1.0 t o 192.168.1.31
(2) 1 192.168.1.32 t o 192.168.1.63
(3) 1 0 192.168.1.64 t o 192.168.1.95
(5
4) 1 10 01 192.168.1.96
192.168.1.128 t o 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.159
(6) 1 0 1 192.168.1.160 t o 192.168.1.1191
(7)) 1 1 0 192.168.1.192
(7 t o 192.168.1.223
 () t

73

Practical Subnetting 9
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
t hat will
supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets and
hosts for 15% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and
and answer the questions
below.
IP Address 148.55.0.0
S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/1 F0/1
S0/0/1 F0/0
Router B

S0/0/0 Dallas
1500 Hosts
Router C
F0/0
S0/0/1
Router D S0/0/0
 Ft. Worth
2300 Hosts Address class __
____
____
_____
_____
____ B____
____
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_
Custom subnet mask __
____
____ 255.255.240.0
_____
_____
____
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
Minimum number of subnets needed __
____ 5
____
____
___
_
____ 1____
+ ____
Extra subnets required for 15% growth __ ____
(Round up to the next whole number)

____6____
= ____
Total number of subnets needed __ ____
Number of host addresses
__2300
in the largest subnet group ____
____
____
____
Number of addresses needed for
__ 345
+ ____
15% growth in the largest subnet ____ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

= 2645
needed for the largest subnet __
____
____
____
___
_
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

148.55.0.0.
IP address range for Ft. Worth ____
__ ____
_____
_____
____to____
____ 148.55.15.255
____
_____
_____
____
____
___
_
148.55.16.0.
IP address range for Dallas ____
__ ____
_____
_____
____ to
____
____148.55.31.255
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
148.55.32.0.
IP address range for Router A __
____
____
_____
_____
____to
____ 148.55.47.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
___
_
to Router B serial connection
148.55.48.0.
IP address range for Router A __
____
____
_____
_____
____to
____ 148.55.63.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
___
_
to Router C serial connection
148.55.64.0.
IP address range for Router C __
____
____
_____
_____
____ to
____
____148.55.79.255
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
74 to Router D serial connection

6 3 1
5 2 6 8 4 2 1
,5 ,7 ,3 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 5
2
Number of
3 6 8 9 9 4 1
6 8 4 2 6 8 4 2
Hosts - . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 6 2
S
1 3 5
1 2 4 8 6 2
h
5 0 0 ,0 ,1 ,3 ,7 ,5
Number of 1 2 4 9 9 8 6 3 o
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
2 4 8 6 2 4 8 6
w
y
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 o
u
148. 55 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r
w
o
rk
(1)
(2) . 01 148.55.0.0
148.55.16.0 to
to 148.55.15.255
148.55.31.255 fo
r
(3) 1 0 148.55.32.0 to 148.55.47.255 P
(4) 1 1 148.55.48.0 to 148.55.63.255 ro
b
(5) 1 0 0 148.55.64.0 to 148.55.79.255 le
(6) 1 0 1 148.55.80.0 to 148.55.95.255 m
(7))
(7 1 1 0 148.55.96.0 to 148.55.111.255 9
in
(8))
(8 1 1 1 148.55.112.0 to 148.55.127.255
t
(9) 1 . 0 0 0 148.55.128.0 to 148.55.143.255 h
e
(10) 1 0 0 1 148.55.144.0 to 148.55.159.255
 s
. 148.55.160.0 to 148.55.175.255 a
p
c
(12)
(11) 1 . 0 1 01 148.55.176.0 to 148.55.191.255 e
(13) 1 . 1 0 0 148.55.192.0 to 148.55.207.255 b
e
(14) 1 . 1 0 1 148.55.208.0 to 148.55.223.255 lo
w
(15) 1 . 1 1 0 148.55.224.0 to 148.55.239.255 .
(16) 1 . 1 1 1 148.55.240.0 to 148.55.255.255

7
5

Practical Subnetting 10
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that
t hat will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for
110% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 172.16.0.0
Marketing
Sales
56 Hosts
115 Hosts

S0/0/0 F0/0
F0/0 Router A S0/0/1
Router B

F0/1

Management Research
25 Hosts 35 Hosts

Address class __
____
____
_____
_____
____ B____
____
____ _____
_____
____
____
___
_
Custom subnet mask __
____
____255.255.255.240
_____
_____
____
____
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
Minimum number of subnets needed __
____ 4 ____
____
____
Extra subnets required for 110% growth __
____ 5 ____
+ ____
____
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed __

____ 9 ____
= ____
____
Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group ____
__ ____
____
140 ___
_
Number of addresses needed for
154
+ ____
110% growth in the largest subnet __
____ ____
___
_
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

294
= ____
needed for the largest subnet __
____ ____
____
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.
 IP address range for Sales/Managemnt __172.16.0.0
____
____
_____
_____
____to____
____ 172.16.15.255
172.16.15.2
____
_____
_____
____55
____
___
_

IP address range for Marketing ____

__172.16.16.0
____
_____
_____
____
____
____
to ____
_____
_____
____
____
172.16.31.255
172.16.31.2 ___
55 _
IP address range for Research __172.16.32.0
____
____
_____
_____
____ to
____ 172.16.47.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
___
_
IP address range for Router A
172.16.48.0
to Router B serial connection ____
__ ____
_____
_____
____ to
____ 172.16.63.255
____
____
_____
_____
____
____
___
_
76

6 3 1
5 2 6 8 4 2 1
,5 ,7 ,3 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,0 5
2
Number of
3 6 8 9 9 4 1
6 8 4 2 6 8 4 2
Hosts - . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
S
6

h
1 2 4 8 16 32 5
,5
o
5 0 0 ,0 ,1 ,3 ,7
Number of 1 2 4 9 9 8 6 3
w
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.
2 4 8 6 2 4 8 6

y
Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 o
u
r
172.16 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w
o
rk
(1) . 0 172.16.0.0 to 172.16.15.255
fo
(2) 1 172.16.16.0 to 172.16.31.255 r
(3) 1 0 172.16.32.0 to 172.16.47.255 P
ro
(4) 1 1 172.16.48.0 to 172.16.63.255 b
172.16.64.0 to 172.16.79.255 le
m
(56) 1 0 01 172.16.80.0 to 172.16.95.255
1
(7))
(7 1 1 0 172.16.96.0 to 172.16.111.255 0
(8))
(8 1 1 1 172.16.112.0 to 172.16.127.255 in
(9) 1 . 0 0 0 172.16.128.0 to 172.16.143.255 ht
(10) 1 0 0 1 e
. 172.16.144.0 to 172.16.159.255
s
(11) 1 . 0 1 0 172.16.160.0 to 172.16.175.255 p
a
(12) 1 . 0 1 1 172.16.176.0 to 172.16.191.255 c
e
(13) 1 . 1 0 0 172.16.192.0 to 172.16.207.255 b
e
(14) 1 . 1 0 1 172.16.208.0 to 172.16.223.255 lo
(15) 1 . 1 1 0 172.16.224.0 to 172.16.239.255 w
.
(16) 1 . 1 1 1 172.16.240.0 to 172.16.255.255

7
7

Valid and Non-Valid IP Addresses

Using the material in this workbook identify

i dentify which of the addresses below are correct and
usable. If they are not usable addresses explain why.
why.
IP Address: 0.
0. 2 30 . 19 0. 19 2 The network ID cannot be 0.
______
____ ________
___________________ ___
___________________ ___
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
Reference Page Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 192.10.10.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
OK
Subnet Ma
Mask: 25
255.255.255.0 ____
__ ____________
________________________
____________________
__
Reference Pages 28-29

IP Ad
Address: 245.150.190.10 245 is reserved for
______
____ ____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
Subnet Ma
Mask: 25
255.255.255.0
Reference Page Inside Front Cover
experimental use.
____
__ ____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__

IP Ad
Address: 135.70.191.255 This
____
__ ____ is
____ the____
____
____ broadcast
____
____
____
____
____address
____
____
____
____
__
Subnet Ma
Mask: 25
255.255.254.0
Reference Pages 48-49
for
____
__ this
____
____
____range.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__

IP Ad
Address: 127.100.100.10 127
____
__ ____is____
____ reserved
____
____
____
____ for
____
____loopback
____
____
____
____
____
__

Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0

Reference Pages Inside Front Cover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
testing.
IP Address: 93
93.0.128.1 _O
_ _K
_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
Subnet Ma
Mask: 25
255.255.224.0 ____
__ ____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
Reference Pages 56-57

IP Address: 20
20 0. 1 0. 1 0. 12 8 This
__
____
____is____
____the subnet
____
____
____ address
____
___
___
____ for
____
____ the___
____
___
Subn
Su bnet
et Mask:
Mask: 255.2
255.255
Reference Pages 54-55
55.2
.255
55.2
.224
24 3rd usable
___________
______ range
___________of___________
200.10.10.0
___________ __________
____

IP Ad
Addr
dres
ess:
s: 16
165.
5.10
100.
0.25
255.
5.18
1899 OK
_________
____________
______
______
______
______
______
______
_____
__
Subn
Su bnet
et Mask:
Mask: 255.2
255.255
55.2
.255
55.1
.192
92 ___________
_________________
___________
___________
__________
____
Reference Pages 30-31

IP Address: 190.35.0.10 _This

_ _ _ _address
_ _ __ _ _ _is
_ _taken
_ _ _ _ _from
_ _ _ _ _the
_ _ _first
_ _ __ _
Subn
Su bnet
et Mask:
Mask: 255.2
255.255
55.2
.255
55.1
.192
92 range for
___________
______ this___________
___________subnet___________
which__________
is invalid.____
Reference Pages 34-35

IP Address: 21
21 8. 3 5. 5 0. 19 5 This has a class B subnet
______
________
____
____
____
____
____
___
___
____
____
____
____
___
___
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
Reference Page Inside Front Cover
mask.
____
______
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
___
____
____
____
____
___
___

IP Ad
Addr
dres
ess:
s: 20
200.
0.10
10.1
.10.
0.17
175
5 /22
/22 A class___________
C address
___________
______ must
___________ use____
___________ a
__________
Reference Pages 54-55 and/or Inside Front Cover
minimum
____
__ ____
_____ of____
_____
____ 24
____bits.
_____
_____
____
____
____
_____
____
_

IP Ad
Address: 135.70.255.255 This
____
__ is____
____
____ a ____
broadcast
____ ____
____
____
____address.
____
____
____
____
____
__

Subnet Ma
Mask: 25
255.255.224.0
Reference Pages 48-49 ____
__ ____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
78
 Reference Charts
and Support Materials
Class A Addresses
VLSM Chart 8-15 Bits (2nd octet)

Class B Addresses
VLSM Chart 16-23 Bits (3rd octet)

Class C Addresses
VLSM Chart 24-30 Bits (4th octet)

Visualizing Subnets Using

The Box Method

The box method is the simplest way to visualize the breakdown of

subnets and addresses into smaller sizes.
 Start with a square. The whole square
is a single subnet comprised of 256
addresses.

/24
255.255.255.0
256 Hosts
1 Subnet

Split the box in half and you get two

subnets with 128 addresses,

/25
255.255.255.128
128 Hosts
2 Subnets

Divide the box into quarters and you

get four subnets with 64 addresses,

/26
255.255.255.192
64 Hosts
4 Subnets
80

Split each individual square and you

get eight subnets with 32 addresses,

/27
 255.255.255.224
32 Hosts
8 Subnets
Split the boxes in half again and you
get sixteen subnets with sixteen
addresses,

/28
255.255.255.240
16 Hosts
16 Subnets
The next split gives you thirty two
subnets with eight addresses,

/29
255.255.255.248
8 Hosts

32 Subnets
The last split gives sixty four subnets
with four addresses each,

/30
255.255.255.252
4 Hosts
64 Subnets
81

Visualizing Subnets Using

The Circle Method

The circle method is another method used to visualize the breakdown

of subnets and addresses into smaller sizes. By shading or coloring in the
different sections of the circle you can easily break up your subnets without
overlapping your addresses. You adjust each subnet to the correct size
needed.
Start with a circle. The whole circle is
a single subnet comprised of 256
addresses.

/24
255.255.255.0
256 Hosts
1 Subnet

Split the circle in half and you get two .255 .0

subnets with 128 addresses.

/25
255.255.255.128
128 Hosts
2 Subnets .128 .127

Divide the circle into quarters and .255 .0

you get four subnets with 64
addresses.

.192 .63
/26 .191 .64

255.255.255.192
64 Hosts
4 Subnets .128 .127
82

Split each quarter and you get eight .255 .0

subnets with 32 addresses. .224 .31
.223 .32

.192 .63
/27 .191 .64
 255.255.255.224
.160
32 Hosts .159
.95
.96

8 Subnets .128 .127

Split the boxes in half again and you .239

.240
.255 .0
.15
.15
.16
.16
get sixteen subnets with sixteen .224 .31
.31
.32
.32
.223
addresses.
.208 .47
.47
.207 .48
.48

/28 .192
.191
.63
.63
.64
.64

255.255.255.240 .176
.175
.79
.7
.80
.80
9

16 Hosts .160 .95

.95
.159 .96
.96

16 Subnets .144
.143 .112
.111

.128 .127

The next split gives you thirty two 9 2

7
4
5
5
2
.
-
.7
.1
5
3
.0
. - -
.2
3 -

subnets with eight addresses. 13

2.
-
2
.
-
2
3
0
4
2
.
8
4
2
.
.8
.1
6
-

4
-.
31
9
4
2 2 .2
32
.3
.
2. 2.
- -
61 2
.3
.47
51 2.
2. -
-
.40
80
2.
5
- .5
702.
.48
- 002
.
991. - 29
.56 - .63

/29
1.

.64 - .71
191. - 481.
1.
- 67
381. .72 -

255.255.255.248 57
1- .
86
1.
1.
06 .
.80
- .87
.79

1. - 1 .8
25 1
8 Hosts 6 8
7 -
. .9
6
-.
95
. 4 . .1
51 4 1 . -.
3
0
1
.1
9
.1
- 6 2
4 1
. 0
1
1
2 -
- 8 2 3
5
.1

32 Subnets
0
1 1. - - - 1
.
.1
4
1
1
.1
3
1
3 2 9
5 7

The last split gives sixty four subnets 5

9
3
2
3
4
2
.
-
2
.
-
7
4
1
5
2
.
-
8
5
5
2
.
-
2
.
0
-
.3

.4
-
.7

.8
-
.1
1

-
.1
5

.1
9
3
3 . 4 5 2 -
.2
- 4
2 0 4

with four addresses each.

.1 6
1 2 2
27
3 . 6 4 2 . . -
.1
- .
0
-.
2 3 2
31
72 .- 2 .
.2
3 2.
2 8 2 4 -.
.2
.- 2 .
32 8 5
.3
42 2
.2
.
-
2 .- 2
2
.
9
.3
91
.3
02
-
2.
- 6 2.
6
51 .3 3
- .4
2. - 12
.
.4 0
7
11 21
- .4
2. - 2.
.44
80
2 .
1
702.
8 - .5
- 40
2. .4
.55
302. -
.52 -
002.

9
.56 - .5
991. - 6
91.

/30
.60 - .63
.63
591. - 291.

191. - 881.
.64 - .67
81.
781. - 4 .68 - .7
1. 1
- 08 .72 -
381. 71.

255.255.255.252
.75
.- 6
971 .76
1. - .7
27 9
1- . 1.
.80
57 86 - .83
1-. 1. .8
17 46 .
4-
.8
.- 1

4 Hosts
.8 7
1
76 06 . -.
8
- 1 .9 91
1. 65 1. 2
36 - 5 . .1 .9 -.
95
51 - 2 41
.
.
.1 00 6
8 41
-
9 .
.1 0 .
1 -
.
1 .
4 -. 9
5 4
9
.1 0 1
5 1. 4 1 .
1
.1 8 - 0
- 0 3 .

64 Subnets
.1 1 .1
5 3 1 3
.
.
-
6
1 1 2
1 1 - 2 0
2
2 6 .1
4
2
. - 8
0 - 7
7 1 -
1
4
.
- .1
4 1 . -
- .1 1
1
-
3
1
3 .
.1
3 1
. 5
9
1 1
3
2
5 2 9
3
1 7

83

Class A Addresses
VLSM Chart 8-15 Bits (2nd octet)
/8 /9 /10 /11
/11 /12 /13 /14 /15
255.0.0.0 255.128.0.0 255.192.0.0 255.224.0.0 255.240.0.0 255.248.0.0 255.252.0.0 255.254.0.0
16,777,216 Hosts 8,388.608 Hosts 4,194,304 Hosts 2,097,152 Hosts 1,048,576 Hosts 524,288 Hosts 262,144 Hosts 131,072 Hosts
0-1
0-3 2-3
0-7 4-5
4-7 6-7
0-15 8-9
 8-11 10 - 11
8-15 12 - 13
12-15 14 - 15
0-31 16 - 17
16-19 18 - 19
16-23 20 - 21
20-23 22 - 23
16-31 24 - 25
24-27 26 - 27
24-31 28 - 29
28-31 30 - 31
0-63 32 - 33
34 - 35
32-39 32-35
36-39 36 - 37
38 - 39
32-47 40 - 41
40-43 42 - 43
40-47 44 - 45
44-47 46 - 47
32-63 48 - 49
48-51 50 - 51
48-55 52 - 53
52-55 54 - 55
48-63 56 - 57
56-59 58 - 59
56-63 60 - 61
60-63 62 - 63
0-127 64 - 65
64-67 66 - 67
64-71 68 - 69
68-71 70 - 71
64-79 72 - 73
72-75 74 - 75
72-79 76 - 77
76-79 78 - 79
64-95 80 - 81
80-83 82 - 83
80-87 84 - 85
84-87 86 - 87
80-95 88 - 89
88-91 90 - 91
88-95 92 - 93
92-95 94 - 95
64-127 96 - 97
96-99 98 - 99
96-103 100 - 101
100-103 102 - 103
96-111 104 - 105
104-107 106 - 107

104-111 108-111 108 - 109

110 - 111
96-127 112 - 113
112-115 114 - 115
112-119 116 - 117
116-119 118 - 119
112-127 120 - 121
120-123 122 - 123
120-127 124 - 125
124-127 126 - 127
0 - 255 128 - 129
128-131 130 - 131
128-135 132 - 133
132-135 134 - 135
128-143 136 - 137
136-139 138 - 139
136-143 140 - 141
140-143 142 - 143
128-159 144 - 145
144-147 146 - 147
144-151 148 - 149
148-151 150 - 151
144-159 152 - 153
152-155 154 - 155
152-159 156 - 157
156-159 158 - 159
128-191 160 - 161
160-163 162 - 163
160-167 164 - 165
164-167 166 - 167
160-175 168 - 169
168-171 170 - 171
160-191 168-175 172 - 173
172-175 174 - 175
176 - 177
176-179 178 - 179
180 -- 183
181
176-191 176-183 180-183 182
184 - 185
184-187 186 - 187
184-191 188 - 189
188-191 190 - 191
128-255 192 - 193
192-195 194 - 195
192-199 196 - 197
196-199 198 - 199
192-207 200 - 201
200-203 202 - 203
200-207 204 - 205
204-207 206 - 207
192-223 208 - 209
208-211 210 - 211
208-215 212 - 213
212-215 214 - 215
208-223 216 - 217
216-219 218 - 219
216-223 220 - 221
220-223 222 - 223
192-255 224 - 225
224-227 226 - 227
224-231 228 - 229
228-231 230 - 231
224-239 232 - 233
232-235 234 - 235
232-239 236 - 237
236-239 238 - 239
224-255 240 - 241
240-243 242 - 243
240-247 244 - 245
244-247 246 - 247
240-255 248 - 249
248-251 250 - 251
248-255 252 - 253
252-255 254 - 255

84

Class B Addresses
VLSM Chart 16-23 Bits (3rd octet)
/16 /17 /18 /19 /20 /21 /22 /23
255.255.0.0 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0
65,536 Hosts 32,768 Hosts 16,384 Hosts 8,192 Hosts 4,096 Hosts 2,048 Hosts 1,024 Hosts 512 Hosts
0-1
0-3 2-3
0-7 4-5
4-7 6-7
0-15 8-9
 8-11 10 - 11
8-15 12 - 13
12-15 14 - 15
0-31 16 - 17
16-19 18 - 19
16-23 20 - 21
20-23 22 - 23
16-31 24 - 25
24-27 26 - 27
24-31 28 - 29
28-31 30 - 31
0-63 32 - 33
34 - 35
32-39 32-35
36-39 36 - 37
38 - 39
32-47 40 - 41
40-43 42 - 43
40-47 44 - 45
44-47 46 - 47
32-63 48 - 49
48-51 50 - 51
48-55 52 - 53
52-55 54 - 55
48-63 56 - 57
56-59 58 - 59
56-63 60 - 61
60-63 62 - 63
0-127 64 - 65
64-67 66 - 67
64-71 68 - 69
68-71 70 - 71
64-79 72 - 73
72-75 74 - 75
72-79 76 - 77
76-79 78 - 79
64-95 80 - 81
80-83 82 - 83
80-87 84 - 85
84-87 86 - 87
80-95 88 - 89
88-91 90 - 91
88-95 92 - 93
92-95 94 - 95
64-127 96 - 97
96-99 98 - 99
96-103 100 - 101
100-103 102 - 103
96-111 104 - 105
104-107 106 - 107

104-111 108-111 108 - 109

110 - 111
96-127 112 - 113
112-115 114 - 115
112-119 116 - 117
116-119 118 - 119
112-127 120 - 121
120-123 122 - 123
120-127 124 - 125
124-127 126 - 127
0 - 255 128 - 129
128-131 130 - 131
128-135 132 - 133
132-135 134 - 135
128-143 136 - 137
136-139 138 - 139
136-143 140 - 141
140-143 142 - 143
128-159 144 - 145
144-147 146 - 147
144-151 148 - 149
148-151 150 - 151
144-159 152 - 153
152-155 154 - 155
152-159 156 - 157
156-159 158 - 159
128-191 160 - 161
160-163 162 - 163
160-167 164 - 165
164-167 166 - 167
160-175 168 - 169
168-171 170 - 171
160-191 168-175 172 - 173
172-175 174 - 175
176 - 177
176-179 178 - 179
180 -- 183
181
176-191 176-183 180-183 182
184 - 185
184-187 186 - 187
184-191 188 - 189
188-191 190 - 191
128-255 192 - 193
192-195 194 - 195
192-199 196 - 197
196-199 198 - 199
192-207 200 - 201
200-203 202 - 203
200-207 204 - 205
204-207 206 - 207
192-223 208 - 209
208-211 210 - 211
208-215 212 - 213
212-215 214 - 215
208-223 216 - 217
216-219 218 - 219
216-223 220 - 221
220-223 222 - 223
192-255 224 - 225
224-227 226 - 227
224-231 228 - 229
228-231 230 - 231
224-239 232 - 233
232-235 234 - 235
232-239 236 - 237
236-239 238 - 239
224-255 240 - 241
240-243 242 - 243
240-247 244 - 245
244-247 246 - 247
240-255 248 - 249
248-251 250 - 251
248-255 252 - 253
252-255 254 - 255

85

Class C Addresses
VLSM Chart 24-30 Bits (4th octet)
/24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
256 Hosts 128 Hosts 64 Hosts 32 Hosts 16 Hosts 8 Hosts 4 Hosts
0-3
0-7
4-7
0-15