B.A.LL.
B Sem III
SEMESTER – III
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW – I
1. Introduction: UNITS: 05
Definition of Constitution - Need for Constitution, Classification of Constitutions, Constitutionalism
and Indian Constitution, Framing of Indian Constitution.
2. Salient features of the Indian Constitution UNITS: 03
3. Preamble UNITS: 03
4. The Union and its territories UNITS: 02
5. Citizenship under the Constitution and Citizenship Act UNITS: 02
6. Fundamental Rights UNITS: 43
6.1Concept of Fundamental rights -Origin and Development, Fundamental Rights in India.
6.1 Definition of State: Judicial pronouncements on meaning of other authorities.
6.2 Justifiability of Fundamental Rights: Judicial Review Indian and American concept, Justifiability of
Pre and post constitutional Laws Waiver and fundamental Rights.
6.3 Right to Equality: Reasonable classification -Basis for classification.
6.4 Right against discrimination: Special provisions for Women, children and Backward Classes.
6.5 Equality of Opportunity: Reservations of Posts for Backward Classes 79th and 85th Amendment
Acts.
6.6 Abolition of Untouchability.
6.7 Abolition of Titles
6.8 Right to Freedom:
a. Freedom of Speech and Expression : Right to Know, Freedom of Press Reasonable Restrictions,
Test for reasonableness Burden of proving reasonableness of restrictions.
b. Freedom of Assembly. Reasonable restrictions
c. Freedom to form Associations, Reasonable restrictions.
d. Freedom of Profession, Occupation, trade and Business, Reasonable restrictions.
6.9 Rights of the Accused: Ex-post facto laws, Right against Double Jeopardy, Right against Self-
incrimination.
6.10 Right to Life and Personal Liberty: Meaning and Scope, American and Indian concept of Right to
life and personal liberty, Various facets of Right to Life, Prisoners Rights.
6.11 Protection against Arrest and Detention:
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
Safeguards against Arrest made under the ordinary Law, Preventive detention, Safeguards against
Detention made under the preventive detention laws.
6.12 Right against Exploitation: Right against trafficking in human beings, Safeguards against Beger
and other forms of forced labour.
6.13 Secularism:
Right to Freedom of Religion, Reasonable restrictions, Right to establish and maintain Religious
Denominations, Freedom from payment of Taxes, Prohibition of religious instructions in Educational
Institutions.
6.14 Cultural and Educational Rights:
Right to conserve language script or culture, Right to admission to Educational Institutions, Right of
Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions, No discrimination in granting aid.
6.15 Saving of certain laws:
Acquisition of Estates etc., Validation of certain Act and Regulations, Saving of laws giving effect to
certain Directive Principle of State policy.
6.16 Right to Constitutional Remedies:
Right to move to the Supreme Court, Prerogative Remedies, Rule of locus standi, Public Interest
Litigation Resjudicata, Delay and Laches, Alternative Remedy, Suspension of Fundamental Rights,
Effect of Emergency on fundamental rights, Members of Armed Forces and Fundamental rights,
Martial LAW, Legislation to give effect to provisions of Part III.
7. Directive Principles of State Policy: UNITS: 05
Object and purpose, Classification, Relation between Fundamental rights and Directive Principles of
State Policy.
8. Fundamental duties. UNITS: 02
9. Amendment of the Constitution : UNITS: 10
Kinds of amendments, Methods of amendments under Indian Constitution, Scope of amending power
of the Parliament, Amendment of Fundamental Rights, Doctrine of Basic Structure.
Note: The units mentioned above include internal assessment hours.
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Jain M.P. : Indian Constitutional Law
Basu D.D. : Shorter Constitution of India
Kazgi : Constitutional Law Vol. I & II
Shukla V.N. : The Constitution of India
Tope T.K. : Constitutional Law of India
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
LAW OF CRIMES
1.General Principles of Criminal Law UNITS: 06
Definition of crime, Theories of Crime, Elements of Crime, Stages in the commission of a crime,
Differences between Crime, Tort and Contract
2.Administration of Criminal Law UNITS: 02
Indian Penal Code, 1860
3.Introduction UNITS: 02
Inter and Extra territorial Operations
4.Definitions UNITS: 04
good faith, dishonesty, illegal, fraudulently, offence etc
5.Group liability UNITS: 03
Common intention and common object
6.Punishment UNITS: 04
Kinds of punishments capital punishment
7.General exceptions UNITS: 10
Mistake of fact, mistake of law, accident, infancy, insanity, consent, trifling acts, private defense
8.Abetment –conspiracy-- Offences against State UNITS: 06
9.Offences against public tranquility—Unlawful Assembly, Rioting and Affray. UNITS: 04
10. False evidence, Fabricating false evidence and offences against public justice UNITS: 03
11. Offences affecting public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals UNITS: 03
Public Nuisance, Obscenity etc.
12. Offences affecting Human body UNITS: 12
Murder, suicide, hurt, kidnapping, rape etc
13. Offences against property UNITS: 08
Documents and property marks—theft, extortion, robbery, dacoity, forgery, false document etc.
14. Offences relating to marriage UNITS: 05
Cruelty on wife—Bigamy, Adultery etc.
15. Defamation, criminal intimidation, insult and annoyance UNITS: 02
16. Attempt to commit offences UNITS: 01
Note: The units mentioned above include internal assessment hours.
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
Suggested Readings:
Ratanlal and Dhirajlal Indian Penal Code
AtchuttanPillai Criminal Law
M.P.Tandon The Indian Penal Code
Kenny Out lines of Criminal Law
Srivastava Elements of Criminal Law
Saxena Indian Penal Code
Gaur K.D. Cases and Materials on Criminal Law
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
CONTRACT – II
I. Special Contracts UNITS: 15
1. Contracts of indemnity & guarantee.
2. Bailment:
3. Pledge
4. Agency:
II. Indian Partnership Act UNITS: 20
1. Introduction:
Meaning and definition of partnership, Basic essentials of partnership, Mode ofdetermining
existence of partnership
Comparison between partnership and co-ownership, Comparison between partnership and joint
family business, Comparison between partnership and company.
2. Partnership at will
3. Rights of partners.
Duties and obligations of partners.
4. Relations of partners to third persons: liability of firm for acts of partners Liability of
the partners towards third parties
5. Implied authority of a partner. Scope of such implied authority
6. Doctrine of holding out
7. Minor
8. Incoming partners:
modes of introduction, liability, Retirement of a partner, Expulsion of a partner
9. Dissolution of firm:
Liability, accounts, public notice, Rights, payment of debts, Restraint of trade, good will,
10. Registration of firm:
Advantages of registration, Effects of non registration, Registrationsubsequent to filing of suit
III. Sale of Goods Act UNITS: 20
1. Introduction:
Definition and essentials of sale, Define Goods and Different kinds of goods
Difference between contract of sale and agreement to sell. Differentiate between hire – purchase
and contract of sale.
2. Implied conditions and Warranties in a contract of sale
3. Transfer of property and Title:
Transfer of property in Specific Goods, and Unascertained goods
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
Transfer of title: Rule of Nemodet quod non habet, Exceptions to the rule
4. Performance of Contract:
Kinds of delivery, Rules regarding delivery.
5. Rights of Unpaid Seller:
Right to LIEN, Right to stoppage in transit and right to resale
6. Suits for breach of Contract
IV. Negotiable Instruments Act UNITS: 20
1. Definition and essentials of Negotiable Instruments
2. Promissory note:
Definition, Nature and Essentials of Promissory Note
3. Bill of exchange:
Definition and essentials of a bill of exchange. Bills in sets Distinction between
Bill of exchange and Promissory Note
4. Cheque:
Definition and essentials of a cheque. Distinction between Cheque and Bill ofexchange
5. Negotiation :
Indorsement and its kinds, Definition of holder, and, holder in due course
6. Holder in due course:
Rights and privileges of a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument
7. Payment in due course
8. Parties to negotiable instruments and their liability.
9. Modes of discharge from liability: payment, cancellation, release, non-presentment, etc
10. Crossing of cheques
11. Dishonour of cheques:Criminal liability of drawer for issuing cheques without funds
12. Presentment:Presentment for payment
13. Dishonour: non acceptance, non payment, Notice of dishonour
14. Noting and protest
15. Maturity of negotiable instruments
16. Special rules of evidence, Rules of international law
Note: The units mentioned above include internal assessment hours.
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
Suggested Readings:
Mulla : Indian Contract Act
Avtar Singh : Law of Contract
Anson : English Law of Contract
Avtar Singh : Principles of Mercantile Law
Bangia R.K. : Principles of Mercantile Law
Mulla : Negotiable Instruments Act
Avtar Singh : Partnership Act, Sale of Goods Act,
:Negotiable Instruments Act
Bangia R.K. : Partnership Act, Sale of Goods Act,
:Negotiable Instruments Act
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
MAJOR PAPER – III : POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political Science III: Comparative Government and Politics (GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
OF U.K., U.S.A, RUSSIA,CHINA, SWITZERLAND, FRANCE)
This paper studies the major constitutions of the World by adopting a comparative approach.
The constitutional and legal provisions, the ideological basis, the institutional arrangementand their
social and economic background are to be explained, analyzed and evaluatedcritically. The historical
backgrounds to individual constitutions are to be emphasized to gainan understanding of its evolution.
The comparative perspective enables the student tounderstand the differences and similarities between
the various constitutional arrangements.
Furthermore the political institutions are to be studied in light of the political process to gainan
understanding of the dynamics of actual politics and policy making.
Course Content:
1. Approaches to the study of comparative politics UNITS: 05
2. Constitutions and Constitutionalism UNITS: 06
3. Historical Legacy and Political Traditions. UNITS: 06
4. Constitutional structures: Executive, Legislature and Judiciary UNITS: 10
5. Political culture and political socialization UNITS: 06
6. Political Parties and Party systems UNITS: 10
7. Interest groups and social movements UNITS: 06
8. State and Local Governments UNITS: 10
9. Socio-Economic bases of the Constitution UNITS: 06
10. Women and the Political Process UNITS: 10
Note: The units mentioned above include internal assessment hours.
Suggested Readings:
1. G. Almond et.al., Comparative Politics Today: A World View, 7th edn., New York,
London,Harper/Collins, 2000.
2. W. Bagehot, The English Constitution, London, Fontana, 1963.
3. S. Beer, Britain Against Itself, London, Faber and Faber, 1982.
4. H. Birch, British System of Government, 4th edn., London, George Allen and Unwin,1980.
5. J. Blondel, An Introduction to Comparative Government, London, Weidenfeld and
Nicolson,1969.
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
6. Comparative Legislatures, Englewood Cliffs NJ, Prentice Hall, 1973.
7. J. Bryce, Modern Democracies Vol.2, New York,
8. Macmillan, 1921.Derbyshire, Politics in China, London, Chambers, 1991.
9. Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, 10th edn.,London,Macmillan,
1959.
10. H. Finer, Theory and Practice of Modern Government, London, Methuen, 1969.
11. S. E. Finer, Comparative Government, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1974.
12. J. Flammanget.al., American Politics in a Changing World, Pacific Groove California,
BrooksCole, 1990.
13. G. Gill and R. D. Markwick, Russia’s Stillborn Democracy: From Gorbachev to Yeltsin,
Oxford,Oxford University Press, 2000.
14. J. Gittings, China Changes Face: The Road from Revolution 1949-89, London, Oxford
University Press, 1989.
15. E. S. Griffith, The American System of Government, 6th edn., London, Methuen, 1983.
16. H. Harding, China’s Second Revolution: Reform after Mao, Washington DC, Brookings
Institution, 1987.
17. H. C. Huiton, An Introduction to Chinese Politics, London, David and Charles, 1973.
18. G. Jones (ed.), West European Prime Ministers, London, Frank Cass, 1991.
19. D. Kavangh, British Politics: Continuity and Change, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1985.
20. D. Lane, State and Politics in the USSR, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1985.
21. H.J. Laski, American Democracy: A Commentary and An Interpretation, London, Unwin,1948.
22. M. Laver and K. Shepsle, Cabinet Ministers and Parliamentary Government, Cambridge
New York, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
MINOR PAPER III
ECONOMICS – III: MACROECONOMICS
On account of the growing influence and involvement of the State in economic fields, macroeconomics
has become a major area of economic analysis in terms of theoretical, empirical as well as policy-
making issues. Macroeconomics has an extensive, substantive as well as methodological content. It
deals with the functioning of the economy as a whole, including how the economy’s total output of
goods and services and employment of resources is determined and what causes these totals to
fluctuate. The canvass of the study is the whole rather than the part because what is true of parts is not
necessarily true of the whole. The Paper entitled ―Macroeconomics‖ is designed to make an
undergraduate student aware of the basic theoretical framework underlying the field of
macroeconomics.
Course Content:
1. National Income and Social Accounts UNITS: 15
Concept and measurement of national income; National income identities with government and
international trade; incorporation of environmental concerns in national accounts — green accounting.
2. Output and Employment UNITS: 15
Say’s law of markets and the classical theory of employment; Keynes’ objection to the classical theory;
Aggregate demand and aggregate supply functions; The principle of effective demand;
Consumption function — Average and marginal propensity to consume; Factors influencing
consumption spending; The investment multiplier and its effectiveness in LDCs; Theory of investment
— Autonomous and induced investment; Marginal efficiency of capital; Savings and investment — ex
post and ex ante, Equality and equilibrium.
3. Rate of Interest UNITS: 10
Classical, Neo-classical and Keynesian theories of interest.
4. Trade Cycles UNITS: 20
Nature and characteristics; Hawtrey’s monetary theory; Hayek’s over-investment theory; Keynes’ view
on trade cycle; The concept of accelerator; Samuelson and Hicks multiplier-accelerator interaction
model; Control of trade cycles.
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B.A.LL.B Sem III
5. Economic Growth UNITS: 15
Sources of growth; Growth models — Harrod and Domar; Instability of equilibrium; Neo-classical
growth models — Solow; Economic growth and technical progress.
Note: The units mentioned above include internal assessment hours.
Suggested Readings:
1. Gupta, S.B. (1994), Monetary Economics, S. Chand and Co., Delhi.
2. Heijdra, B.J. and F.V. Ploeg (2001), Foundations of Modern Macroeconomics, Oxford
University Press, Oxford.
3. Lewis, M.K. and P.D. Mizan (2000), Monetary Economics, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
4. Shapiro, E. (1996), Macroeconomic Analysis, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi.
5. Samuelson, Wordhaus – Economics 18th Ed.
6. Principles of Economics – N. Gregory Mankiw
7. William Baumol – Macro Economics, Theory & Application
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