Electronic Devices Circuits

EL-1004

LABORATORY MANUAL
Fall 2023

LAB 02
Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment
Kashif Ullah
_____MUHAMMAD AHMED KHAN________ ___22I-2200___ _A_ _______

______________ZAIN KHALID ____________ ___22I-2161__ _A_ _______

STUDENT NAME ROLL NO SEC DATE

______________________________________
LAB ENGINEER SIGNATURE & DATE

MARKS AWARDED: /10

___________________________________________________________________________
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES (NUCES),
ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Naveed Iqbal Version: 2.0

Verified by: Dr. Awais Ayub Date: 21 Aug, 2023
Last Edited by: Kashif Ullah Date: 23 Aug, 2023
 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment LAB: 02

LAB
01 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment
:
Learning Objectives:
a. Introduction to Electronics Device Circuits Lab.
b. Understand the use of basic measuring instruments.
c. Understand some basic terminologies.

Equipment Required:
a. Digital multimeter (DMM)
b. Breadboard
c. Resistors
d. Inductors
e. Connecting wires
f. Wire stripper
g. Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO)
h. Probes

Introduction:
Power electronics is the application of solid-state electronics for the control and conversion of

electric power. they are expected to measure.

Polarity is also expected to be
Measuring Instruments: observed in the placement of
voltmeters. DC voltmeters
Ammeter measure average value of DC
voltage while AC voltmeters
An ammeter is an instrument that is used to measure the measure RMS value of AC
currents in a circuit. The currents are measured in amperes voltage.
(A). In order for an ammeter to measure a current, the
current must pass through the ammeter and hence it must be Multimeter
placed in a series mode inside the circuit. The polarities
must correspond, the positive and negative polarity must
match up with the positive and negative on the circuit. DC
ammeters measure average value of DC current while AC
ammeters measure RMS value of AC current.

Voltmeter
A voltmeter is an instrument that is used to measure the
voltage between two points in a circuit. In order to for a
voltmeter to measure the voltages, it does not require current
to be passed through it. It is placed parallel to the circuits
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 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment LAB: 02
Fig 1.1: AC and DC symbols voltages. It can also perform as
ohmmeters, a device used to
measure resistance. Multimeters
are available in analogue or digital
format. Digital multimeter is
shown in Fig 1.3.

LCR meter
An LCR meter is a type of
Fig 1.2: Ammeter and voltmeter in a circuit electronic test equipment used to
Multimeters can also be utilized in place of both measure the inductance (L),
ammeters and voltmeters. A multimeter is an instrument capacitance (C), and resistance (R)
that can be used to measure both, currents as well as of an electronic component.

Fig 1.3: Digital Multimeter

Fig 1.4: LCR meter

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

The cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) provides accurate time and aplitude measurements
of voltage signals over a wide range of frequencies. Different parts of CRO are shown in Fig 1.5.

The CRO has a selector switch with three positions, A.C. D.C. and GND. DC coupling
allows both DC and AC components of a signal to pass through. If input has both AC and DC
components, it will be displayed with reference to ground. If there is no AC component the output
is a straight line of the applied DC voltage with reference to ground. A.C coupling means that
only A.C. signals are allowed to pass from the input terminal through to the measuring devices
within the CRO.

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Fig 1.5: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

Calibration of CRO
1) Examine all the controls on CRO and set them to normal positions. For most CROs, all
rotating dials should be centred, all push buttons should be out, and all slide switches and
paddle switches should be up.
2) Turn oscilloscope on and give it a minute or two to warm up.
3) Set the VOLTS/DIV control to 1V. This sets the scope to display one volt per vertical division.
4) Set the TIME/DIV control to 1ms. This control determines the time interval represented by
each horizontal division on the display.
5) Set the Trigger switch to auto. The Auto position enables the oscilloscope to stabilize the trace
on a common trigger point in the waveform.
6) Connect a probe to the Channel to be calibrated. Oscilloscope probes include a probe point,
which is connected to the input signal and a separate ground lead. The ground lead usually
has an alligator clip. When testing a circuit, this clip can be connected to any common ground
point within the circuit. In some probes, the ground lead is detachable, so you can
remove it when it isn't needed.
7) Touch the end of the probe to the scope's calibration
terminal. This terminal provides a sample square wave
that you can use to calibrate the scope's display.
8) If necessary, adjust the TIME/DIV and VOLTS/DIV
controls until the square wave fits nicely within the
display.
9) If necessary, adjust the Y-POS control to centre the
trace vertically and X-POS control to centre the trace
horizontally.
10)If necessary, adjust the Intensity and Focus settings to
get a clear trace.

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 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment LAB: 02

Fig 1.6: Sample Square Wave

Function Generator
The function generator is a supply that typically
provides various ac signals for a range of frequencies and
amplitudes. The range of frequency of the function
generator can be adjusted by the dial position and
appropriate multiplier the oscilloscope can be used to
precisely set the output frequency. The scope can also be
used to set the amplitude of the function generator since
most function generators simply have an amplitude control
with no level indicators. In addition to an amplitude control,
many generators have what is called a DC offset control on
them. This allows user to shift the waveform in the positive
or negative direction.
Fig 1.7: Function Generator
Basic Terminologies:

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 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment LAB: 02

1) Peak is the maximum value, either positive or negative , that a waveform attains.
2) Peak to Peak is sum of the absolute value of positive and negative peaks, that a
waveform attains.
3) The RMS value is the effective value of a varying voltage or current. It is the equivalent
steady DC value which gives the same effect.
4) The average value is the quotient of the area under the waveform with respect to time.
5) Frequency of a waveform is the number of cycles per second. Frequency is measured
in Hz.
6) Time Period is inverse of frequency i.e. T = 1/f.

Fig 1.26: Basic Terminologies

Lab Tasks
Task 1(a):
Procedure:
1) Generate a sinusoidal wave with non-zero offset using function generator.
2) Connect this circuit with a channel of CRO.
3) Use input coupling selector on CRO and observe output waveform at different settings. Draw
waveforms in the given table.

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 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment LAB: 02

Input AC

DC

GND

Task 1(b):
Procedure:
1) Generate a DC signal using power supply.
2) Connect this circuit with a channel of CRO.
3) Use input coupling selector on CRO and observe output waveform at different settings. Draw
waveforms in the given table.

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 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment LAB: 02

Input AC

DC GND

Task 2
Procedure:
• Generate Sine Wave.
• Put Input Frequency 50 Hz and Voltage 10 V
Find Vp, Vpp, Vrms and time period with Attached Snap.
Vpp = 8.86 V
Vp = 4.43 V
Vrms = 2.89 V
Time period = 18.01 ms

SNAP:

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 Introduction to EDC Lab Equipment LAB: 02

Question 01:

What is AC Coupling and DC Coupling?

AC coupling is used to block DC components from a signal, while DC coupling allows both DC
and AC components to pass through a circuit. The choice between AC and DC coupling depends
on the specific requirements of the application and the need to maintain signal integrity.

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Question 02:

Elaborate VOLT/DIV and TIME/DIV in Oscilloscope?

In an oscilloscope, VOLT/DIV (Volts per Division) and TIME/DIV (Time per Division) are key
settings that allow you to control how the input signal is displayed on the screen. These settings
are fundamental for adjusting the vertical and horizontal scales of the oscilloscope display. By
properly configuring VOLT/DIV and TIME/DIV settings on the oscilloscope, you can tailor the
display to match the characteristics of the signal you are analyzing.

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