ONTESSORI SR SEC SCH

Jk M OOL

Biology Project

Medicinal
Micro
Organisms

Submitted by : _____________
Class : _____________
Stream : _____________
Session : _____________
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my Biology teacher Mr. Reshab sir as
well as our principal Mrs. Arti Gupta who gave me
the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project .

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents

and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.

Principal sign _______ Teacher sign _______

 Important Medicinal
Microorganisms

Micro Scientific Common

organisms Name Name

1.Escherichia Escherichia E. coli

coli coli

2. Penicillium Penicillium
Penicillin Mold
chrysogenum chrysogenum

Streptomycin-
3.Streptomyces Streptomyces producing
griseus griseus bacteria

4.Saccharomyces Saccharomyces
Baker's yeast
cerevisiae cerevisiae

5.Aspergillus Aspergillus
niger
Black mold
niger
 E. Coli

Scientific: Escherichia Classification

name coli Kingdom: Monera
Common: E. Coli Phylum: Pseudomonadota
name . Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enterobacterales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Escherichia
Species: coli
 Important Biochemical Compounds

E. coli is a bacterium commonly found in the intestines

of humans and other animals. While it is associated with
some diseases, it is also widely used in biotechnology and
research. Below are some important biochemical
compounds and their uses in both human welfare and
research involving E. coli:

Insulin: E. coli is engineered to produce human insulin

through recombinant DNA technology. This synthetic
insulin is used to treat diabetes.

Growth Hormone: Similar to insulin, E. coli can be used to

produce human growth hormone (HGH) for treating
growth disorders in children and adults.

Interferon: E. coli can be genetically modified to produce

interferon, a protein involved in the body's immune
response. Recombinant interferon is used in the
treatment of viral infections and certain cancers.

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin): E. coli can be engineered

to synthesize vitamin B12, which is essential for human
health. This has applications in pharmaceuticals and food
fortification.

Lactic Acid: E. coli can be utilized in the production of

lactic acid, which has various industrial applications
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceuticals, and
food additives.
 Penicillin Mold

Classification
Scientific: Penicillium Kingdom :Fungi
name chrysogenum Phylum:Ascomycota
Common : Penicillin Class:Eurotiomycetes
name mold Order:Eurotiales
Family:Trichocomaceae
Genus:Penicillium
species: Chrysogenum
 Important Biochemical Compounds
Penicillin, produced by the mold Penicillium, is a widely used antibiotic
that has revolutionized medicine since its discovery in 1928 by Alexander
Fleming. It is effective against a variety of bacterial infections. Here are
some important biochemical compounds derived from Penicillin mold
microorganisms, along with their uses and associated diseases:

Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin):

Use: Treatment of various bacterial infections caused by susceptible

organisms, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and certain Gram-
negative bacteria.
Associated Diseases: Streptococcal infections (e.g., strep throat, scarlet
fever), Staphylococcal infections (e.g., skin infections, pneumonia), syphilis,
meningitis.
Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin):

Use: Similar to Penicillin G, it is used to treat various bacterial infections.

Associated Diseases: Pharyngitis (sore throat), tonsillitis, dental infections,
skin infections.
Amoxicillin:

Use: A semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin, it is used to treat a wide range

of bacterial infections.
Associated Diseases: Ear infections, bronchitis, urinary tract infections
(UTIs), pneumonia, sinusitis.
Ampicillin:

Use: Another semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin, it has a broader

spectrum of activity compared to Penicillin G.
Associated Diseases: Similar to amoxicillin, it is used to treat various
bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract
infections, and certain types of meningitis.
Methicillin:

Use: Initially developed to treat penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

infections.
Associated Diseases: Staphylococcus aureus infections, including skin and
soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia.
 Streptomyces griseus

Classification
Scientific : Streptomyces Kingdom: Monera
name griseus Phylum:Actinomycetota
Common : Streptomycin Class:Actinomycetia
name producing Order:Streptomycetales
bacteria Family:Streptomycetaceae
Genus:Streptomyces
Species: griseus
 Important Biochemical Compounds
Streptomycin is an important antibiotic produced by bacteria of the
genus Streptomyces. It was the first antibiotic used to treat
tuberculosis (TB) and is still commonly used today for various bacterial
infections. The primary biochemical compound in Streptomycin is
streptomycin sulfate, which acts as the active ingredient responsible
for its antimicrobial properties.

Here are some important biochemical compounds found in

Streptomycin-producing bacteria and their uses in human welfare,
particularly in the treatment of diseases:

Streptomycin Sulfate:

Use: Streptomycin sulfate is primarily used as an antibiotic to treat

bacterial infections.
Disease: It is particularly effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). Streptomycin is often used in
combination with other antibiotics to treat TB infections.
Streptidine:

Use: Streptidine is an intermediate compound in the biosynthesis of

streptomycin and related antibiotics.
Disease: Streptidine itself does not have direct therapeutic applications
in human welfare but is crucial in the production of streptomycin, which
is used to treat various bacterial infections, including TB.
Streptothricin:

Use: Streptothricin is another antibiotic produced by Streptomyces

bacteria, which is structurally related to streptomycin.
Disease: Streptothricin has been used in veterinary medicine to treat
bacterial infections in animals. While not as commonly used in human
medicine, it has been studied for its potential applications in human
health.
Streptidine-Derived Compounds:

Use: Compounds derived from streptidine, such as neomycin and

dihydrostreptomycin, are also used as antibiotics.
Disease: Neomycin, for example, is used to treat various bacterial
infections, including skin infections and as a component of certain
antibiotic ointments.
 Baker's yeast

Scientific : Saccharomyces Classification

name cerevisiae Kingdom:Fungi
Common : Baker's Division: Ascomycota
name Yeast Class: Saccharomycetes
Order: Saccharomycetales
Family: Saccharomycetaceae
Genus: Saccharomyces
Species: cerevisiae
 Important Biochemical Compounds
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, is a
unicellular fungus used widely in various biotechnological
applications, including the production of biochemical compounds
for human welfare. Here are some important biochemical
compounds produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their uses
in the context of human health:

Beta-Glucans: These are polysaccharides found in the cell walls of

Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They have immunomodulatory
properties and are used to boost the immune system, potentially
aiding in the prevention and treatment of infections and certain
diseases such as cancer.

Vitamin B12: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is capable of producing

vitamin B12, a vital nutrient involved in DNA synthesis, red blood
cell formation, and neurological function. Vitamin B12
supplementation can help prevent or treat deficiencies associated
with anemia, neuropathy, and other conditions.

Folic Acid (Folate): Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the

industrial production of folic acid, a B vitamin essential for DNA
synthesis and cell division. Folic acid supplementation is important
for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects in developing
fetuses and for the treatment of certain anemias.

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone): Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in

the production of coenzyme Q10, a powerful antioxidant that plays
a crucial role in energy production within cells. Coenzyme Q10
supplementation is used for various conditions including
cardiovascular diseases, mitochondrial disorders, and as an anti-
aging supplement.

Lactic Acid: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in the

fermentation process leading to the production of lactic acid.
Lactic acid is used in various industries, including the
pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In medicine, lactic acid is
used in the treatment of certain skin conditions like acne and
hyperpigmentation.
 Black mold

Scientific : Aspergillus Classification

name niger Kingdom:Fungi
Common : Black Division:Ascomycota
name mold Class:Eurotiomycetes
Order:Eurotiales
Family:Aspergillaceae
Genus:Aspergillus
Species: niger
 Important Biochemical Compounds
Aspergillus niger is a fungus that has been extensively studied for its
biochemical capabilities, particularly in the production of various compounds
with potential applications in medicine. Here are some important biochemical
compounds produced by Aspergillus niger and their uses in treating or managing
specific diseases:

Citric Acid:

Use: Citric acid is one of the most widely used organic acids in the food and
beverage industry as an acidulant, flavoring agent, and preservative. It is also
used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Disease: Citric acid is not used directly to treat diseases but has indirect benefits
in food preservation, which can help prevent foodborne illnesses.
Lactic Acid:

Use: Lactic acid is used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals,

and cosmetics. It is used as a preservative, acidulant, flavoring agent, and for its
antibacterial properties.
Disease: Lactic acid is not used directly to treat diseases but has antimicrobial
properties that can help inhibit the growth of pathogens.
Fumaric Acid:

Use: Fumaric acid is used as an acidulant in the food and beverage industry, as
well as in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Disease: Fumaric acid is also not used directly to treat diseases but has
applications in the production of medications, such as in the treatment of
psoriasis.
Phytase:

Use: Phytase is an enzyme produced by Aspergillus niger that catalyzes the

hydrolysis of phytic acid, releasing phosphate and improving the availability of
phosphorus in animal feeds. This has applications in animal nutrition to improve
phosphorus utilization and reduce phosphorus pollution from animal waste.
Disease: Phytase is not directly used to treat diseases but has implications for
improving animal health and nutrition.
Glucose Oxidase:

Use: Glucose oxidase is an enzyme used in various industries, including food and
beverage, pharmaceuticals, and diagnostics. It is used for its ability to catalyze
the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
Disease: Glucose oxidase is not used directly to treat diseases but has
applications in the food industry for glucose determination and in medical
diagnostics.