EC, GATE-2020

GENERAL APTITUDE
Q. No. 1 - 5 Carry One Mark Each

1. The following figure shows the data of students enrolled in 5 years (2014 to 2018) for two schools P and
Q. During this period, the ratio of the average number of the students enrolled in school P to the average
of the difference of the number of students enrolled in schools P and Q is_________.

9
School P
8 School Q
Number of students (in thousands)

6
5

4
3
2
1
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year

(A) 23: 8 (B) 31: 23 (C) 23:31 (D) 8:23

Answer: (A)

2. It is quarter past three in your watch. The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand is _______.
(A) 0° (B) 15° (C) 22.5° (D) 7.5°
Answer: (D)
3. The global financial crisis in 2008 is considered to be the most serious world-wide financial crisis,
which started with the sub-prime lending crisis in USA in 2007. The subprime lending crisis led to the
banking crisis in 2008 with the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. The sub-prime lending refers to
the provision of loans to those borrowers who may have difficulties in repaying loans, and it arises
because of excess liquidity following the East Asian crisis.
Which one of the following sequences shows the correct precedence as per the given passage?
(A) East Asian crisis subprime lending crisis  banking crisis  global financial crisis.

(B) Subprime lending crisis global financial crisis  banking crisis  East Asian crisis.

(C) Global financial crisis  East Asian crisis  banking crisis  subprime lending crisis.

(D) Banking crisis subprime lending crisis  global financial crisis  East Asian crisis.
Answer: (A)

4. The Canadian constitution requires that equal importance be given to English and French.
Last year, Air Canada lost a lawsuit, and had to pay a six-figure fine to a French-speaking couple after
they filed complaints about formal in-flight announcements in English lasting 15 seconds, as opposed to
informal 5 second messages in French.
The French-speaking couple were upset at
(A) the English announcements being clearer than the French ones.
(B) the English announcements being longer than the French ones.
(C) equal importance being given to English and French.
(D) the in-flight announcements being made in English
Answer: (A)

5. A superadditive function f    satisfies the following property

f  x1  x 2   f  x1   f  x 2 

Which of the following functions is a superadditive function for x>1?

(A) e x (B) e x (C) x (D) 1 x

Answer: (A)
 Q. No. 6 - 10 Carry Two Marks Each

6. Select the word that fits the analogy:

Explicit: Implicit:: Express:___________
(A) Compress (B) Suppress (C) Impress (D) Repress
Answer: (D)

7. He was not only accused of theft _______ of conspiracy.

(A) but also (B) rather (C) but even (D) rather than
Answer: (A)

8. a, b, c are real numbers. The quadratic equation ax 2  bx  c  0 has equal roots, which is , then

b bc
(A)   (B) b2  4ac (C) 3  (D)  2  ac
a  2a 2 
Answer: (D)

9. A circle with centre O is shown in the figure. A rectangle PQRS of maximum possible area is inscribed
in the circle. If the radius of the circle is a, then the area of the shaded portion is_________.

P Q

O


S R

(A) a 2  2a 2 (B) a 2  2a 2 (C) a 2  3a 2 (D) a 2  a 2

Answer: (A)
10. The untimely loss of life is a cause of serious global concern as thousands of people get killed_____
accidents every year while many other die______ diseases like cardio vascular disease, cancer, etc.
(A) from, from (B) during, from (C) from, of (D) in, of
Answer: (D)

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Q. No. 1 – 25 Carry One Mark Each

1. The components in the circuit shown below are ideal. If the op-amp is in positive feedback and the input

voltage Vi is a sine wave of amplitude 1V, the output voltage V0 is

1k

5V
1V 1k
0 
Vi
V0
1V 

5V

(A) a non-inverted sine wave of 2V amplitude.

(B) a constant of either +5V or -5V.
(C) an inverted sine wave of 1 V amplitude.
(D) a square wave of 5 V amplitude
Answer: (B)
2. The partial derivative of the function

f  x, y, z   e1 x cos y  xze


1 1 y2 

With respect to x at the point (1, 0, e) is

1
(A) (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 0
e
Answer: (D)

d2 y dy
3. The general solution of 2
 6  9y  0 is
dx dx

(A) y  C1e3x  C 2 e 3x (B) y   C1  C2 x  e3x

(C) y   C1  C2 x  e3x (D) y  C1e3x

Answer: (B)

4. The loop transfer function of a negative feedback system is

K  s  11
G s  H s  
s  s  2  s  8 

The value of K, for which the system is marginally stable, is ________.

Answer: (160)


5. For a vector field A , which one of the following is FALSE?

(A)   A is another vector field.
 
(B) A is irrotational if  2 A  0.
  
   
(C)   A   .A  2 A

 
(D) A is solenoidal if .A  0.

Answer: (B)
6. In the circuit shown below, all the components are ideal, and the input voltage is sinusoidal. The

magnitude of the steady-state output V0 (rounded off to two decimal places) is ______V.

C1  0.1F D2

230 V  rms  D1 C2  0.1F V

0

Answer: (650.538)

7. In the circuit shown below, all the components are ideal. If Vi is  2V, the current Io sourced by the op-

amp is _________mA.
1k

5V
1k
 Io

Vi 

5V 1k

Answer: (6)

8. A binary random variable X takes value +2 or -2. The probability P  X  2  . The value of 

(rounded off to one decimal place), for which the entropy of X is maximum, is ________.
Answer: (0.5)
9. The figure below shows a multiplexer where S1 and S0 are the select lines, I0 to I3 are the input data

lines, EN is the enable line, and F (P, Q, R) is the output. F is

0 EN
R I0
0 I1 MUX F
R I2
1 I3 S1 S0

P Q

(A) PQR  PQ. (B) P  QR (C) Q  PR (D) PQ  QR

Answer: (D)

10. Which one of the following pole-zero plots corresponds to the transfer function of an LTI system
characterized by the input-output difference equation given below?
3
y  n     1 x  n  k 
k

k 0

(A) 1m (B) 1m

1 1
rd
3 order pole 4th order pole

1 1
1 
1  Re
Re

1 1
 1m
1m
(C) (D)
1
1 3rd order pole
3rd order pole

1 1
1 
1  Re
Re

1 1

Answer: (D)

11. A transmission line of length 3 4 and having a characteristic impedance of 50 is terminated with a

load of 400. The impedance (rounded off to two decimal places) seen at the input end of the

transmission line is________ .

Answer: (6.25)

12. A single crystal intrinsic semiconductor is at a temperature of 300K with effective density of states for
holes twice that of electrons. The thermal voltage is 26 mV.
The intrinsic Fermi level is shifted from mid-bandgap energy level by
(A) 9.01 meV (B) 18.02 meV (C) 13.45 meV (D) 26.90 meV
Answer: (A)

13. In an 8085 microprocessor, the number of address lines required to access a 16 K byte memory bank is
___________.
Answer: (14)
14. The random variable

 1; 5  t  7
Y   W  t    t  dt, where   t   

0; otherwise
And W (t) is a real white Gaussian noise process with two-sided power spectral density

Sw  f   3W Hz, for all f. The variance of Y is __________.

Answer: (6)

15. A digital communication system transmits a block of N bits. The probability of error in decoding a bit is

. The error event of each bit is independent of the error events of the other bits. The received block is
declared erroneous if at least one of its bits is decoded wrongly. The probability that the received block
is erroneous is

(A) N 1   (B) 1 N (C) 1  1    (D)  N

N

Answer: (C)

16. A 10-bit D/A converter is calibrated over the full range from 0 to 10 V. If the input to the D/A converter
is 13A (in hex), the output (rounded off to three decimal places) is ________V.
Answer: (3.066)

 40 60 
17. In the given circuit, the two-port network has the impedance matrix  Z    . The value of Z L
60 120
for which maximum power is transferred to the load is _________ .

10 I1 I2

 
120V 
 V1  Z V2 ZL
 

Answer: (48)
18. The output y[n] of a discrete-time system for an input x[n] is

y  n   max x  k .
 k  n

The unit impulse response of the system is

(A) unit step signal u [n]. (B) unit impulse signal   n .

(C) 1 for all n. (D) 0 for all n.

Answer: (A)

19. If v1 , v2 ,...., v6 are six vectors in R 4 , which one of the following statements is FALSE?

(A) If v1 , v3 , v5 , v6 spans R 4 , then it forms a basis for R 4 .

(B) Any four of these vectors form a basis for R 4 .

(C) These vectors are not linearly independent.

(D) It is not necessary that these vectors span R 4 .

Answer: (B)

20. In the circuit shown below, the Thevenin voltage VTH is

2V
2 4
 

1A 1 2A 2 VTH

(A) 4.5V (B) 2.4V (C) 3.6V (D) 2.8V

Answer: (C)
21. The current in the RL-circuit shown below is i  t   10 cos 5t   4  A.

The value of the inductor (rounded off to two decimal places) is ________H.

R it


200cos  5t  V ~ L

Answer: (2.82)

22. The impedances Z  jX, for all X in the range  ,   , map to the Smith chart as

(A) a line passing through the centre of the chart.

(B) a point at the centre of the chart.
(C) a circle of radius 0.5 with centre at (0.5,0).
(D) a circle of radius 1 with centre at (0, 0).
Answer: (D)

23. Consider the recombination process via bulk traps in a forward biased pn homojunciton diode. The

maximum recombination rate is U max . If the electron and the hole capture cross-sections are equal,

which one of the following if FALSE?

(A) With all other parameters unchanged, Umax decreases if the intrinsic carrier density is reduced.

(B) Umax depends exponentially on the applied bias.

(C) With all other parameters unchanged, Umax increases if the thermal velocity of the carriers

increases.

(D) Umax occurs at the edges of the depletion region in the device

Answer: (D)
24. The two sides of a fair coin are labelled as 0 and 1. The coin is tossed two times independently. Let M
and N denote the labels corresponding to the outcomes of those tosses. For a random variable X, defined
as X=min (M,N) , the expected value E(X) (rounded off to two decimal places) is ______.
Answer: (0.25)

25. The pole-zero map of a rational function G(s) is shown below. When the closed contour  is mapped
into the G(s)- plane, then the mapping encircles

1m

S  plane

o x

1
   Re

o
x

1

(A) the point -1+j0 of the G(s)-plane once in the clockwise direction.
(B) the point -1+j0 of the G(s)-plane once in the counter-clockwise direction.
(C) the origin of the G(s)-plane once in the clockwise direction
(D) the origin of the G(s)-plane once in the counter-clockwise direction.
Answer: (C)
 Q. No. 26 - 55 Carry Two Marks Each


X   is the Fourier transform of x(t) shown below. The value of  X   d (rounded off to two
2
26.


decimal places) is______________.

xt
3

3 t
2 1 0 1 2 3 4

Answer: (58.61)

27. A one-sided abrupt pn junction diode has a depletion capacitance C D of 50 pF at a reverse bias of 0.2V.

The plot of 1 C 2D versus the applied voltage V for this diode is a straight line as shown in the figure

below. The slope of the plot is _____________ 1020 F2 V 1.

1 C 2D

V
0

(A) –3.8 (B) –1.2 (C) –5.7 (D) –0.4

Answer: (*)
28. In the voltage regulator shown below, V1 is the unregulated input at 15V. Assume VBE  0.7V and the

base current is negligible for both the BJTs. If the regulated output Vo is 9V, the value of R 2 is

_________ .
V1  15V Vo  9V

R 3  1k

R1  1k

R2
VZ  3.3V

Answer: (800)

29. Consider the following closed loop control system

 G s
R s C s Y(s)


1 s 1
where G  s   and C  s   K If the steady state error for a unit ramp input is 0.1, then the
s  s  1 s3

value of K is _________.
Answer: (30)
30. The state diagram of a sequence detector is shown below. State S0 is the initial state of the sequence

detector. If the output is 1, then

00
10 00

S0 S1 S2 S3
00 10 00

10 10
01
S4

10

(A) the sequence 01010 is detected (B) the sequence 01110 is detected.
(C) the sequence 01001 is detected (D) the sequence 01011 is detected
Answer: (A)

31. The characteristic equation of a system is

s3  3s2   K  2 s  3K  0

In the root locus plot for the given system, as K varies from 0 to , the break-away or break-in point(s)

lie within

(A)  ,  3 (B)  3,  2 (C)  1, 0 (D)  2,  1

Answer: (C)
32. For the given circuit, which one of the following is the correct state equation?

0.5H

i

i1 2 v 0.25F 1 i2


d  v   4 4   v   4 4  i1  d  v   4 4   v   4 0  i1 
       
dt  i   2 4   i   0 4 i 2  dt  i   2 4  i   0 4 i 2 
(A) (B)

d  v   4 4   v  0 4  i1  d  v   4 4   v  0 4  i1 
       
dt  i   2 4  i   4 0  i 2  dt  i   2 4  i   4 4 i 2 
(C) (D)

Answer: (C)

33. The band diagram of a p-type semiconductor with a band-gap of 1 eV is shown.

Using this semiconductor, a MOS capacitor having VTH of  0.16V, Cox

'
of 100 nF cm 2 and a metal

work function of 3.87 eV is fabricated. There is no charge within the oxide. If the voltage across the

capacitor is VTH , the magnitude of depletion charge per unit area in C cm2 is  
Vacuum level

4 eV

EC
0.5 eV

Ei
E Fs
0.2 eV
EV

(A) 0.93 108 (B) 1.41108 (C) 0.52 108 (D) 1.70 108

Answer: (D)
34. The base of an npn BJT T1 has a linear doping profile NB  x  has shown below.

The base of another npn BJT T2 has a uniform doping N B of 1017 cm 3 . All other parameters are

identical for both the devices. Assuming that the hole density profile is the same as that of doping, the
common-emitter current gain of T2 is

1017  cm3 
NB  x 

1014  cm3 

Emitter Base Collector

0 W

(A) approximately 2.0 times that of T1 (B) approximately 2.5 times that of T1
(C) approximately 0.3 times that of T1 (D) approximately 0.7 times that of T1
Answer: (A)

35. A finite duration discrete-time signal x[n] is obtained by sampling the continuous-time signal

x  t   cos  200t  at sampling instants t  n 400, n=0.1,….,7. The 8-point discrete Fourier transform

(DFT) of x[n] is defined as

7 kn
j
Xk   x n e 4
, k  0,1,...,7.
n 0

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) Only X[3] and X[5] are non-zero (B) Only X[4] is non-zero.
(C) Only X[2] and X[6] are non-zero (D) All X[k] are non-zero.
Answer: (C)
36. For the modulated signal x(t) = m(t) cos  2fc t  , the message signal m  t   4cos 1000t  and the

carrier frequency f c is 1MHz, The signal x(t) is passed through a demodulator, as shown in the figure

below. The output y(t) of the demodulator is

Ideal LPF with cut  off 510 Hz yt

 1

f  Hz 
510 510
cos  2  f c  40  t 

(A) cos  920 t  (B) cos  460 t  (C) cos 1000t  (D) cos  540 t 

Answer: (A)

37. Consider the following system of linear equations

x1  2x 2  b1; 2x1  4x 2  b2 ; 3x1  7x 2  b3 ; 3x1  9x 2  b4

Which one of the following conditions ensures that a solution exists for the above system?

(A) b3  2b1 and 3b1  6b3  b4  0 (B) b3  2b1 and 6b1  3b3  b4  0

(C) b2  2b1 and 3b1  6b3  b4  0 (D) b2  2b1 and 6b1  3b3  b4  0

Answer: (D)

38. The magnetic field of a uniform plane wave in vacuum is given by



H  x, y,z, t    
z cos  t  3x  y  z .
y  ba
a x  2a

The value of b is ________.

Answer: (1)
39. For a 2-port network consisting of an ideal lossless transformer, the parameter S21 (rounded off to two

decimal places) for a reference impedance of 10 , is _________.

2 Port Network

2 :1

Port 1 Port 2

Answer: (0.8)

40. P, Q and R are the decimal integers corresponding to the 4-bit binary number 1100 considered in signed
magnitude, 1’s complement, and 2’s complement representations, respectively. The 6-bit 2’s
complement representation of (P+Q+R) is
(A) 110101 (B) 111001 (C) 110010 (D) 111101
Answer: (A)

41. The components in the circuit given below are ideal. If R  2k and C  1 F, the -3 dB cut-off

frequency of the circuit in Hz is

R

Vi ( j) R
C


Vo ( j)

2C 2R
 (A) 79.58 (B) 34.46 (C) 14.92 (D) 59.68
Answer: (A)

42. Using the incremental low frequency small-signal model of the MOS device, the Norton equivalent
resistance of the following circuit is VDD
rds  R
(A)
1  g m rds
R
(B) rds  R  g m rds R

1
(C) rds  R
gm g m, rds

(D) rds  R

Answer: (A)

43. For the BJT in the amplifier shown below, VBE  0.7V, kT q  26 mV. Assume that BJT output

resistance  ro  is very high and the base current is negligible.

VCC  10V

RC
10 k
V0
C1
1 F RL
10 k

Vf

RE CE
20 k 100 F

VEE  10V
 The capacitors are also assumed to be short circuited at signal frequencies. The input Vi is direct

coupled. The low frequency voltage gain v0 vi of the amplifier is

(A) –178.85 (B) –128.21 (C) -256.42 (D) -89.42

Answer: (D)

44. In a digital communication system, a symbol S randomly chosen from the set s1 ,s2 ,s3 ,s4  is
transmitted. It is given that s1  3, s2  1, s3  1 and s4  2. The received symbol is T  S  W. W

is a zero-mean unit-variance Gaussian random variable and is independent of S. Pi is the conditional

probability of symbol error for the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding when the transmitted symbol

S  si . The index if for which the conditional symbol error probability Pi is the highest is ______.

Answer: (3)

dy
45. Which one of the following options contains two solutions of the differential equation   y  1 x ?
dx

(A) ln y  1  2x 2  C and y  1 (B) ln y  1  2x 2  C and y  1

(C) ln y  1  0.5x 2  C and y  1 (D) ln y  1  0.5x 2  C and y  1

Answer: (C)

46. The current I in the given network is

Z
120  90 V 

I
Z  80  j35 


120  30 V  Z
 (A) 2.38  23.63 A. (B) 2.38143.63A

(C) 2.38  96.37A (D) 0A.

Answer: (B)

1
47. A system with transfer function G  s   , a  0 is subjected on an input 5cos 3t. The steady
 s  1s  a 
1
state output of the system is cos  3t  1.892  . The value of a is ________.
10

Answer: (4)

48. For the solid S shown below, the value of  xdxdydz (rounded off to two decimal places) is_____.
S

1
0 y

Answer: (2.25)

49. A pn junction solar cell of area 1.0 cm 2 , illuminated uniformly with 100 mW cm 2 , has the following

parameters: Efficiency = 15%, open circuit voltage =0.7V, fill factor = 0.8, and thickness  200m. The


charge of an electron is 1.6 109 C. The average optical generation rate in cm3s1 is 
 (A) 1.04 1019 (B) 0.84 1019 (C) 5.57 1019 (D) 83.60 1019

Answer: (B)

50. SPM  t  and SFM  t  as defined below, are the phase modulated and the frequency modulated waveforms,

respectively, corresponding to the message signal m(t) shown in the figure.

SPM  t   cos 1000t  K p m  t  


and SFM  t   cos 1000t  K f  m    d
t

 
V m(t)
10

0
1 3 6 7 t  sec 

Where K p is the phase deviation constant in radians/volt and K f is the frequency deviation constant in

radians/second/volt. If the highest instantaneous frequencies of SPM  t  and SFM  t  are same, then the

Kp
value of the ratio is ____________ seconds.
Kf

Answer: (2)

51. For an infinitesimally small dipole in free space, the electric field E  in the far field is proportional to

e  jkr
/ r  sin , where k  2 . A vertical infinitesimally small electric dipole      is placed at a

distance h (h>0) above an infinite ideal conducting plane, as shown in the figure. The minimum value of
h, for which one of the maxima in the far field radiation pattern occurs at   60, is
 Z

I

h

y
0

(A) 0.5 (B)  (C) 0.25 (D) 0.75

Answer: (B)

K z  
52. The transfer function of a stable discrete-time LTI system is H  z   where K and  are real
z  0.5

numbers. The value of  (rounded off to one decimal place) with   1, for which the magnitude

response of the system is constant over all frequencies, is _________.

Answer: (-2)

53. X is a random variable with uniform probability density function in the interval  2,10.For Y  2X  6,

the conditional probability P  Y  7 X  5  (rounded off to three decimal places) is ________.

Answer: (0.3)

54. For the components in the sequential circuit shown below, t pd is the propagation delay, t setup is the setup

time, and t hold is the hold time. The maximum clock frequency (rounded off to the nearest integer), at

which the given circuit can operate reliably, is _______MHz.

 Flip Flop1
t pd  2ns
t pd  2ns
t pd  3 ns
t setup  5 ns
Clk t hol  1ns
IN

t pd  8 ns
t setup  4 ns
t hol  3ns

Answer: (76.92)

55. An enhancement MOSFET of threshold voltage 3 V is being used in the sample and hold circuit given

below. Assume that the substrate of the MOS device is connected to -10V. If the input voltage VI lies

between 10V, the minimum and the maximum values of VG required for proper sampling and holding

respectively, are

V1 V0

VG

(A) 3V and -3V (B) 13V and -7V (C) 10V and -10V (D) 10 V and -13 V
Answer: (B)