SYLLABUS OCTOBER 2020 – PAPER 1

1. The Architectural Professional as practitioner:

1.1. The Architectural Profession Act No 44 of 2000.
1.1.1. General provisions of the Act.
1.1.2. Categories of registration: Requirements for registration.
1.1.3. Framework for the Professional Fees Guideline.
1.1.4 Renewal of Registration (CPD Conditions).

1.2. Voluntary Associations, their form and function.

1.3. The Architectural Professional and their office.
1.3.1. Forms of practice: sole practitioner, partnership, company, multi-disciplinary – legal nature of each and
the advantages and disadvantages of each.
1.3.2. Statutory requirements for each form of practice i.e. Department of Labour, CIPC etc.
1.3.3. The Architectural Professional and his employees – the legal nature of the employer/employee
relationship.
1.3.4. Statutory requirements regarding employees.
1.3.5. Risks, responsibilities and liabilities arising from the conduct of a practice – insurances.
1.3.6. Taxation – Income Tax, PAYE, VAT etc.
1.4. The Architectural Professional and their client.
1.4.1. Professional Code of Conduct.
1.4.2. The Architectural Professional as agent – the legal nature of agency.
1.4.3. Recommended forms of architectural professional service agreements.
1.4.4. Professional fees.
1.4.5. Preparing and presenting accounts, invoices and statements.
1.5. The Architectural Profession and the professional team.
1.5.1. The other members of the professional team – project manager, quantity surveyors, engineers, town
planners, and other related professions – their respective functions and inter-professional relationships.
1.5.2. Recommended forms of inter- and intra-professional agreements i.e. joint venture and collaborative
agreements.
2. The architectural service to the client:
2.1. Work stages in accordance with SACAP's Professional Fees guideline
2.2. Additional services
2.3. Performing work for deferred remuneration.
2.4. National Building Regulations, including but not limited to the SANS 10400 suite of standards legislative
constraints on the design of a project: e.g. Title deed conditions, town planning, energy efficiency, green
building council rating tools etc.
2.5. Construction Regulations 2014.
2.6. Securing statutory approval of design proposals – securing waivers of statutory requirements.
2.7. Preparing construction and tender documentation: drawings and specifications.
2.8. Procuring a building contractor to carry out the project.
2.9. Administering the building contract on behalf of the client.
2.10. Limits of responsibility of the Architectural Professional
2.11. Professional Indemnity.
2.12. Copyrights and Intellectual Property of the Architectural Professional's work.
2.13. Termination of the Architectural Professionals services.

ACT & GENERAL QUESTIONS

What is the name of the overarching Council for the professions practicing in the built environment?
= The Council for the Built (1) Environment (1)

Name the Act that governs the Architectural Profession in South Africa / Provide the full name, number and year
of origin of the Act that established the South African Council for the Architectural Profession (SACAP).

= Architectural Profession Act No. 44 of 2000

Name the 4 (four) functions for which the above Act provides

- To provide for the establishment of a juristic person to be known as the South African Council for the Architectural
Profession

- To provide for the registration of professionals, candidates and specified categories in the Architectural Profession

- To provide for the regulation of the relationship between the South African Council for the Architectural Profession
and the Council for the Built Environment.

- To provide for matters connected therewith

What is meant by “a member of a closely allied profession”? Give any 3 (three) examples.

A member of a closely allied profession means a registered person in terms of the

Architectural Profession Act No. 44 of 2000
Engineering Profession Act No. 46 of 2000
Landscape Architectural Profession Act No. 45 of 2000
Project and Construction Management Professions Act No. 47 of 2000
Quantity Surveying Profession Act No. 49 of 2000
Planning Profession Act No. 36 of 2000

What is the name of the statutory body tasked to implement an integrated strategy for the
reconstruction, growth and development of the construction industry?

= Construction Industry Development Board

The Act formed SACAP as a __________ person.

= Juristic
What do the following terms refer to:
“Voluntary Association”
= Voluntary Association means any voluntary association recognised by the Council in terms of section 25.

“Accredit”
= Accredit means the process of evaluation and recognition by the council of educational programmes offered by
educational institutions relating to the architectural profession, (1)

“CBE”
= CBE means the Council for the Built Environment established in terms of section 2 of the Council for the Built
Environment Act, 2000 Two

How long is the term of office for members of the council?

=4 Years

When is the president and vice-president of council elected?

= At the first meeting of every newly constituted council

Name any 3 conditions that prohibits a person from being appointed as a member of the council.

= is not a South African citizen and ordinarily resident in the Republic;

= is an un-rehabilitated insolvent

= has, as a result of improper conduct, been removed from an office of trust

= has in terms of this Act been found guilty by the disciplinary tribunal or the council of improper conduct.

Who appoint the Registrar of SACAP?

= The Council

Which legislative body enacted the form of legislation referred to in question 1.2 above?
= Parliament

What is the primary difference between the current legislation governing the architectural profession and the
Architects' Act of 1970?

= It provides for the registration of Professional Architects, Senior Architectural Technologists, Architectural
Technologists and Architectural Draughtspersons (2), whereas the previous legislation had dealt only with architects
(2).

Which entity is protected as a primary function of SACAP?

= The public

Who appoints the members of the Council of SACAP?

= The Minister (1) of Public (1) Works (1)

Provide two measures utilised by SACAP to enact its functions. Any of the following
= The protection of the public interest by identifying the type of architectural work each category of registered
person is capable and competent to perform.

= Control of standards of education at tertiary institution for the purpose of professional registration by means of
visiting boards.
= The administration of a Code of Professional Conduct.

The Act gives certain administrative powers to the Council. List these administrative powers.
= Determine the remuneration and allowances payable to the members or members of any committee of the council
after consultation with the CBE.

= Determine where its head office must be situated

= Print, circulate, sell and administer the publication of, and generally take any steps necessary to publish any
publication relating to the architectural profession and related matters.

= Arrange for the payment of pension and other benefits to any staff of the council or the registrar and to his or her
dependants on the termination of the service of a staff member or the registrar

Name 3 principal functions of each of the following

Principle Functions and activities of SACAP

= a. Protect members of the public in their dealings with members of the Architectural Profession
b. Register and maintain a register of professional architects, professional senior architectural technologists,
technologists and draughtspersons.
c. Supervise architectural education in South Africa
d. Prepare and publish Rules of Professional Conduct and prosecute offenders against any of these Rules
e. Publish annually a Recommended Tariff of Fees
f. Liaise with Council for the Built Environment (CBE) and its constituent members.
1.10.2 The principle functions and activities of SAIA are – any 3: (3)
a. To serve the interests of its members as architects
b. Liaise with overseas national and international architectural bodies
c. Promote an interest in good architecture
d. Collaborate with other bodies in the interests of the built environment and heritage, publication of standard
client/architect agreements
e. Support its members in the practice of architecture and publishes a practice manual for their guidance
f. Publish architectural periodicals.
1.10.3 The principle functions and activities of SAIAT are – any 3: (3)
a. Represent its members and promote and advance their interests
b. Interest itself in improving education and awards student prizes
c. Publish a periodical “Architechnology”.

Indicate whether the following statements regarding the services of an architectural professional are correct or
incorrect. Provide a motivation for each.

Professional Indemnity insurance must be provided by the architectural professional.

= INCORRECT (1) – provided the architectural professional informs the client that no PI insurance is in place

The architectural professional will manage the contractor during construction.

= INCORRECT (1) – the requirement of the architectural professional as principal agent is to administer the
construction contract, not to manage the contractor

The service must be comparable to what another architectural professional would provide under the same
circumstances during the same period of time.

= CORRECT (1) – this is the means to determine reasonable professional skill, care and diligence

The contractor is not permitted to contribute to the services provided during the design work stage.

= INCORRECT (1) – there are contractual arrangements whereby the contractor acts as an integral part of the
professional

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Answer 'TRUE' or 'FALSE' to each of the following statements:

SACAP develops and promotes architectural education in South Africa.

= FALSE
SACAP publishes a Code of Ethics.

= FALSE

An architectural practice may not display the logo of SACAP on corporate stationary.

= TRUE

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List any 2 (two) essential matters that you will discuss with your project team at the initial professional team
meeting.

 Introduction to the project and what the client’s expectations are

 Introduction of professional consultants
 Role of each consultant
 Client’s date for practical completion
 Provisional program for the project
 Capacity of consultants to meet the deadlines
 Consultants’ Professional Indemnity Insurance
 Budget constraints
 Date for approval of the project by the client
 Co-ordination of services
 Systems to be used for dissemination of information

List any 2 (two) advantages and any 2 (two) disadvantages to the architect when he engages the other
professional consultants and quotes a single fee to the client.

Advantages
 he has the ability of selecting consultants with whom he has worked previously and knows their capabilities.

 he can expect to have better control over the other consultants – he has the power to fire a consultant who
doesn’t perform adequately
 he can claim a portion of the joint fee for fulfilling the role of team leader and team co-ordinator (principal
consultant)
 he will need to ensure that he is not transgressing the statutory regulations of the other professions.

CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

Name any 4 of the 6 rules of Professional Conduct.

1. Unprofessional Conduct
2. Technical competence and professional work
3. Promotion of services
4. Professional responsibility
5. Establishment of an Architectural Practice and carrying on of a business
6. International work
In carrying out professional work name the overriding obligation under the rules of the Code of Conduct (3) That,
a registered person is expected to act with due
= That, a registered person is expected to act with due skill, competency and integrity.

Name any 3 things that a registered person shall refrain from doing in terms of Rule 4 of the Code of Conduct.
= A registered person shall
a. not receive, directly or indirectly, any commission or remuneration for recommending a particular contractor to a
client for work on a building project;
b. not receive, directly or indirectly any royalty, gratuity, commission, or other remuneration on any article, fitting,
installation or process used in or for the purpose of the work in respect of which he/she is employed, unless he/she
has notified his/her employer or client, in writing, of such royalty, gratuity, commission or other remuneration;
c. not practice architectural work during any period in respect of which his/her registration has been suspended;
d. not negligently issue any certificate in connection with any building project on which he/she is professionally
engaged.

What is the overriding obligation of a registered person under the rules of the SACAP Code of Professional
Conduct?

=A registered person is expected act with due skill (3), competency (3) and integrity (3).

What are the differences between the terms 'registered principals' and 'registered professional' as found in the
SACAP Code of Professional Conduct?
= Registered principals: the shareholders in a practice who are registered in terms of the Act.
= Registered professional: a person registered in one of the categories of professionals referred to in terms of the
Act

What is the term used to refer to the person who has control of an architectural practice?

= The Principal.

What term may be omitted from the trading name of an architectural practice?

= 'Professional'.

Provide the definition of 'complaint' as provided in the SACAP rules for investigations and disciplinary tribunal
hearings.
= Any allegation regarding improper conduct (2) by a person registered in terms of the Act (2), which comes to the
attention of the registrar or the Council (2).

On receipt of a complaint of improper conduct of a registered professional, the SACAP Registrar must refer the
matter to which body?
= An investigation committee.

When would it be regarded as a breach of the SACAP Code of Professional Conduct to sign a building plan or
document that has been prepared by another architectural practice?

= It is regarded as a breach of the Code if the signatory to a building plan or document was not the bone fide author
(3); or such building plan or document was not prepared under his/her direct supervision (3).

In terms of RULE 5, the Establishment of an Architectural Practice and Carrying on of a Business, Complete the
following:

The type of practice is determined by the:

= most senior category of registered person actively practising in the practice

The practice shall not use a type which portrays itself

= to be in a more senior category than the registered principals of the practice.

In terms of the Code of Professional Conduct, the terms of appointment must be set out in writing. Name the 8
terms of appointment that must be included.

= The scope of work

= The services provided
= The allocation and limitation of responsibilities
= Fee payable for the work of services, the method of calculating (if appropriate) and the stage(s) at which it
will be payable
= The budget (if applicable) or other cost limit for the project, work or series, and the method and
implication of estimating costs.
= Provision for termination of agreement.
= Details of the professional indemnity insurance
= Provision for dispute resolution

Identify six terms of the appointment as an architectural professional that must be clearly set out in writing in
terms of the rules of the SACAP Code of Professional Conduct.

= The scope of the services to be provided

=The allocation and limitation of responsibilities
=The scope of the project or the works
=The fee payable for the work or services, the method for calculation of the fees, and the work stage(s) at which fees
will be payable
=The budget (if applicable) or other cost limit for the project, work or service and the method and implication of
estimating costs
= Provisions for termination of the agreement
=Details of the professional indemnity insurance
=Provision for dispute resolution

Is it correct to state that an architectural practice must be registered with SACAP?

REGISTRATION
How many registration categories are there?

= Nine

Name all the categories of registration, as contemplated in the Act

= Professional Architectural Draughtsperson PrArchDraught

= Professional Architectural Technologist PrArchT
= Professional Senior Architectural Technologist PrSArchT
= Professional Architect- PrArch
= Candidate Architectural Draughtsperson CArchDraught
= Candidate Architectural Technologist CArchT
= Candidate Senior Architectural Technologist CSArchT
= Candidate Architect- CArch
= Specified categories as prescribed by the Council
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PROFESSIONAL FEES
Name the 5 options most regularly utilises for partial and additional services.

= Appointment as architectural professional and principal consultant (not as principal agent)

= Appointment as design architectural professional (design only)
= Appointment as architectural professional of record (design by other, can be principal agent)
= Appointment as principal agent only
= Appointment to perform additional services

Name any 4 services that qualify for additional fees.

= Special management services

= Special studies
= Work on existing premises
=Participation in litigation and dispute resolution
= Additional services mutually agreed on

Prior to the commencement of your services, what are three of the factors that you would consider discussing
with your client regarding the demand for a substantial reduction of your fees for architectural services?
= Any of the following (2 marks each – total of 6 marks)
▪ The possibility of Professional Indemnity insurance providers refuting claims against the architectural professional.
▪ The possibility that the fees charged falling short of the costs to carry out the service.
▪ An increased possibility of the project being abandoned or of overshooting the client’s budgets due to poor costing.
▪ Delays or even cancellation of projects as a result of incomplete or insufficient level of service provided by the
architectural professional.
▪ Unsustainability of the practice as a business enterprise.
▪ A later demand for additional fees resulting in a tarnished relationship with the client.

When requested to carry out work at risk (for deferred remuneration), what are three of the factors to consider as
part of a risk analysis prior to the commencement of your services? / Describe five risks inherent in agreeing to
provide architectural services on a project at risk.
= Any of the following (2 marks each – total of 6 marks)
▪ The possibility of not being paid for input at risk into a project.
▪ The possibility of not obtaining the appointment as consultants if and when the project proceeds.
▪ The possibility of Professional Indemnity Insurance refuting some claims arising out of work done at risk or 'loading'
of future insurance premiums.
▪ The normal fee scales suggested by professional bodies do not compensate consultants for doing substantial
amounts of work where remuneration is at risk.
▪ The possibility of being held responsible by a client for losses he may suffer because of inadequacies or omissions in
work done at risk by consultants.
▪ Records and history indicates a very low success rate arising from work done at risk.
▪ The possibility of allocating too much time and effort to work at risk and diminishing a consultant's ability to attend
to current clients or projects.

Provide an outline of items you would bring to the client’s attention in order to differentiate the services you
would provide in work stages 2 and 3. Identify the titles for each stage plus the proportion of the total fee to be
allocated.

Work Stage 2: Concept and Viability (Design Concept) (1 mark)

15% of total fee (1 mark)
(2 marks for each of the following – total 6 marks)
 Prepare an initial design and advise on:
‒ the intended space provisions and planning relationships
‒ proposed materials and intended building services
‒ the technical and functional characteristics of the design
 Check for conformity of the concept with the rights to the use of the land
 Review the anticipated costs of the project
 Review the project program

Work Stage 3: Design Development (1 mark)

20% of total fee (1 mark)
(2 marks for each of the following – total 6 marks)
 Confirm the scope and complexity
 Review the design, and consult with local and statutory authorities
 Develop the design, construction system, materials and component
 Incorporate and coordinate all services and the work of consultants
 Review the design, costing and program with the consultants

Identify six of the parameters on which the SACAP guideline fees and disbursements for architectural services are
based.

Any of the following – 1 marks for each (total 6 marks):

=Scope of services
= Scope of the project / works
= Project program
= Cost of the work
= Cost of the project
= Appointment of other consultants
= Appointment of contractor

Identify five architectural services that qualify for additional professional fees.
2 marks for any of the items listed under 1.2.1 of the SACAP Framework for Professional Fees Guideline: Board Notice
121 of 2015 (total 10 marks)

What should occur if any of the above parameters materially change?

=There must be an adjustment (2) to the guideline fee (1) and disbursements (1) due.

Why does one indicate that fees would be due for each work stage, and what would be the alternative?
= This a requirement of the SACAP Code of Professional Conduct (2). Alternatively one will only receive payment of
fees once all the services for the entire project have been carried out (completed the mandate). (3)
In a project with a limited timeframe, what option may be considered in the provision of architectural services and
what would be the impact of selecting such option?
= The option of 'fast tracking' (2) which would entail additional resources to complete the project within the
allocated time and an increase of 30% of the architectural professional’s fee.

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Having considered the items above, you have decided to proceed with the project provided that remuneration is
not deferred and that the client agrees to remunerate you appropriately for your services, in line with the current
SACAP professional fee guideline. The client has provisionally agreed, and you are now in the process of
formalising your appointment through a letter of offer to the client for your partial services on the project.
Consider each of the following items and indicate whether or not you would include them in your letter of offer.
Provide a motivation for each.

A stipulated monetary penalty for the late performance of your service.

= NO (1) – this would unnecessarily increase your risk and penalties do not apply to an architectural professional’s
service (2).

The stages at which your fees would be payable.

= YES (1) – alternatively one will only receive payment of fees once all the services for the entire project have been
carried out (completed the mandate). This a requirement of the SACAP Code of Professional Conduct (2).

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Provide four advantages of the PROCSA Client/Consultant Professional Service Agreements

= 3 marks for any of the following (total 12 marks)

▪ Allows the architectural professional to be confident of the business arrangement with the client.
▪ The PROCSA suite represents a consensus agreement composed and accepted by all of the constituent bodies.
▪ Provides for the services broadly required across all six stages of works.
▪ Addresses the obligations and responsibilities of the client and professionals.
▪ Is drafted locally for local and international use.
▪ The agreements span various disciplines within the built environment.
▪ The same terms and conditions and the same document format are used for all the disciplines for ease of
understanding.
▪ Sets clear limits to responsibility and liability.
▪ Enables scope change during what are typically long-term projects.
▪ Allows for effective dispute resolution.
▪ Provides for a Matrix of Services across all the disciplines.
▪ Defines and itemises the role and functions of the Development Manager.

CPD
What does the abbreviation CPD stand for?

= Continuing Professional Development

Who is required to undertake CPD?

= All persons who are registered in a professional category, listed under Section 18(1)(a) and (c) of the Act

How long is a CPD cycle?

= 5 years

Name the 2 institutions that can facilitate or validate Category 1 CPD activities. (2)
= Recognised Voluntary Associations (VA’s) or (1)
= Accredited Architectural Learning Sites (ALS)
Name the 3 (three) Categories of CPD Activities

Category 1: Development Activities

Category 2: Work-based Activities
Category 3: Individual Activities

Indicate the different CPD categories that the following actions can be claimed under:

3.4 (5) Description Category of```` CPD Activities

3.4.1 Full time architectural work Category 2a
or lecturing
3.4.2 Membership of a recognised Category 3a
Voluntary Association
3.4.3 In-house training and Category 2b
mentoring of candidate
practitioners
3.4.4 Self-study which includes, but Category 3b
is not restricted to, studying
of journals or electronic or
computerised material
3.4.5 Attendance of structured Category 1
educational/ developmental
meetings (conferences,
seminars, workshops, lecture,
etc.)

Aside from adhering to SACAP registration requirements, provide three reasons for engaging in Continuing
Professional Development as an architectural professional.

= The increasing complexity of construction

= The need for improved performance
= Ongoing development of materials, techniques, and systems
= Rapid developments in information technology
= Continually changing legislative and practice frameworks
= Growing environmental imperatives

Which two bodies are recognised by the SACAP Council for the purposes of offering appropriate learning for
Category 1 Continuing Professional Development activities?
= Voluntary Associations

What is the overriding obligation of a registered person under the rules of the SACAP Code of Professional
Conduct?
=A registered person is expected act with due skill, competency, and integrity

In terms of the rules of the SACAP Code of Professional Conduct, what determines the type of architectural
practice that may be formed?
= The registration category of the most senior person actively practicing in the practice.

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THE PRACTICE
Name the 4 styles of practice

= Private Company (Pty) Ltd

= Incorporated Company (Inc)
= Close Corporation (CC)
= Partnership

Name any 6 items that should be included when drawing up a partnership agreement, articles of association or
company rules:

= Title = Area = Management structures = Profit and loss = Salaries = Expenses = Benefits = Leave and sick
leave = Retirement = Practice liabilities = Introduction of new partners/directors = Professional consultants =
Restraint of trade = Operating capital = Withdrawals = Vehicles and travelling costs

What is the simplest type of business entity in South Africa?

= Sole Proprietorship / Sole Practitioner

Which form of business entity would one consider when forming a newly established architectural practice?
= Sole proprietorship
= Partnership

Identify three forms of legislation to be considered when formalising an architectural practice as a business entity.

= Companies Act
= Labour Relations Act
= Basic Conditions of Employment Act
= Skills Development Act
= Unemployment Insurance Act
= Occupational Health and Safety Act
= Unemployment Insurance Fund Act
= Value Added Tax Act
= Income Tax Act
= Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act

What is the maximum number of people permitted to engage in a Partnership?

= Twenty (20) people

Which type of business entity can no longer be newly established in South Africa?

= Close corporation

Which type of business entity has shareholders as participants?

= Private (Proprietary) Company

Name two methods to consider in the appointment of a professional team.

= ▪ Separate appointments (2). ▪ A 'package deal' for professional services (2).

Name three items that must be provided on the letterhead of an architectural practice.
= Any of the following (3 marks each – total of 9 marks)
▪ Name of the architectural practice and type of practice ▪ Names of the principal and their registration numbers ▪
Category of registration of the principals, using the prescribed abbreviations
▪ The professional designation and qualification of all principals who are not registered with the Council ▪ Physical
and postal address, telephone, fax and email, CIPRO and VAT registration numbers, if applicable.

Consider each of the following statements regarding the services of an architectural professional and indicate
whether or not they will constitute a contractual obligation to the client. Provide a motivation for each.

The drawings and documentation for the project will be free of errors.
=NO (1) – to perform services perfectly and free of errors is not a realistic expectation (2).

The quality of the building will be guaranteed.

= NO (1) – one cannot guarantee quality as the building will be provided by others (the contractor) (2).

The service will be provided with reasonable professional skill, care and diligence.

= YES (1) – this is a proviso of the SACAP Framework for Fees Guideline (2).

Provide a definition of 'copyright' as it relates to the work of an architectural professional.

= Any of the following (2 marks each – total of 6 marks) ▪ Copyright is the protection against reproduction of a
substantial part or of the adaptation of the essence of the original document, graphical or reproducible material. ▪
For copyright to attach, the work concerned must be 'original' and reduced to a material form. ▪ An architectural
professional is the owner of the copyright in graphic, visual and other artistic works, comprised in the drawings and
other documents prepared by the architectural professional. ▪ This applies to the forms in which it is represented,
whether by reproducible drawings, documents and electronically. ▪ That which is copyright is the material itself, not
the ideas that gave rise to it.

Provide an example of what would be regarded as a breach of the copyright of an architectural professional.
= Either of the following (for 3 marks)
▪ The act of making a design by having the original drawings of another at one’s elbow and using the design elements
of the original work – provided the derivative drawing is substantially similar to the original. ▪ To make a
measured drawing of a building could be a breach of the copyright.

SITUATIONAL

The standard ("full") scope of an architectural professional’s service is to fulfil the roles and obligations of
architectural professional, principal consultant and principal agent. You have been approached by a client to carry
out architectural services on a new office building with a very limited timeframe and are being faced with
numerous questions from the client regarding your roles on the project. The client is unfamiliar with the processes
involved in designing a building and has questioned your roles and the need for your service in work stage 3 over
and above the work in work stage 2.

In response to the client’s queries, provide an outline of the different obligations of architectural professional,
principal consultant and principal agent on the project.

= Any of the following or in a similar vein – 2 marks for each role (total 6 marks):

Architectural professional:
= To furnish the building design
= To prepare local authority and construction documentation for a project
= To evaluate the work of the contractor during the construction work stage

Principal consultant:
= To administrate the services of the other consultants
= To coordinate and lead the professional team

Principal agent:
= To administer the construction contract
= To certify the stages of completion
= To evaluate claims during the construction work stage

Identify four advantages of entering into a standard form of Professional Service Agreement with a client.

=2 marks for any of the following or in a similar vein (total 8 marks):

 Allows the architectural professional to be confident of the business arrangement with the client.
 Addresses the obligations and responsibilities of the client and the architectural professional.
 Sets clear limits to responsibility and liability.
 Allows for effective dispute resolution.
 It is a consensus document drafted and agreed by the constituent bodies.