SUPER SHORT NOTE

TlaisyrK w¾O m%;sl%shd

rpkdj,§ nyq,j Ndú; jk m%;sl%shd
myka is¿ mÍCIdfõ j¾K
+ 2- 3+
1. H + Cr2O7 Cr Li - r;= Be - j¾Khla ke;'
;eô,s fld< Na - §ma;su;a ly Mg - j¾Khla ke;'
+ 2- 3+
K - oï ^,d& Ca - .fvd,a r;=
2. H + CrO4 Cr Rb - r;= - oï Sr - r;=
ly fld<
Cs - ks,a Ba - wem,a fld<
-
+
3. H + MnO4 Mn2+ MnO4- MnO2 Mn2+
oï wj¾K$,d frdai
+7 +2 + - + -
M An + H - OH
,jKh + H2O
+
4. H + MnO2(s) Mn2+ +4
l¿ ÿUqre wj¾K$,d frdai
+4 wjlafIam M
+
ødjK
An-
- 2- 3 3+ -
5. OH + Cr2O 7 Cr (OH)3(s) Cr + OH Cr(OH)3 c,h iu. c,h iu.
j¾Kj;a wj¾K
;eô,s fld< m%;sl%shd fkdlrhs' m%;sl%shd lrhs'

2-
-
6. OH + CrO4 Cr(OH)3(s) Cr3++ OH- Cr(OH)3 kslïu wjlafIam fõ' (i) SbCl3 + H2O ⥯ ↓ SbOCl(s) + HClc,h iu. jdhq
iqÿ c,h iu. c,h iu.
ly fld< bf.k.;a wjlafIam m%;sl%shd lrhs'
m%;sl%shdjla we;' m%;sl%shdjla ke;' H- → H2
ish,a,
- (ii) BiCl3 + H2O ⥯ ↓ BiOCl(s) + HCl ^Aqua3+ ixlS¾3+K& ^Aqua ixlS¾K idohs'& ↓ NaCl 3-
N → NH3
-
7. OH + MnO4 MnO2(s) Cr3++ OH- Cr(OH)3 Cr Mn
iqÿ (Zn(H2O)6)
2+ kslïu c,fha Èh fõ' C2-2 → C2H2
oï l¿ ÿUqre
+7 +4 ksÍlaIKh ksÍlaIKh Fe2+ Ni2+

}
2+ 3+
Cu Fe ks.ukh
8. Fe3+ Fe2+ j¾Kj;a iqÿ
Co2+ wka;ßl fkdjk legdhkhla we;'
9. I2 I- (So2 yd S2O32-
iu. mu‚) ks.ukh fyda wka;ßl legdhkhla ke;'
fndfyda úg fndfyda úg
10. H2O2 H2O
2- TlaislrK w¾O m%;sl%shd ks.ukh ks.ukh
11. SO2/SO3 /H2SO3 S(s) wka;ßl
OH- + MnO2 legdhkhla
12. X rpkdj,§ nyq,j Ndú; jk m%;sl%shd
udOHh wka;ßl wka;ßl we;'
13. Cl2 Cl- 2- 2-
wkqj 1. SO2/SO3 /H2SO3 SO4 legdhkhla fkdjk
14. Br2 Br- m%;sM, 2. H2S S(s) we;' legdhkhla
fjkia 2+ 3+ we;'
15. F2 F- 3. Fe Fe
+4 2+ fkdfõ' 4. I
-
I2
16. Sn Sn
-
17. Pb+4 Pb2+ 5. Br Br2
6. S2O
2-
3 S4O6
2-
(I2 iu. mu‚)
18. idkaø H2SO4 SO2
7. H2O2 O2
19. idkaø HNO3 NO2
2-
- 8. C2O4 CO2 -
20. IO3 I2(s) (MnO4 iy
9. Cl
-
Cl2 idkaø H2SO4
we;s úg MnO2

10. F
-
F2
iu. mu‚)
Dr. rka§¾ lreKdkdhl
- MBBS, University of Colombo
11. NO2- NO3 MSc Bioinformatics
 ,jK + wï,
;kql $ idkaø ;kql
+ - + -
M An + H A HCl , HNO3 , H2SO4 H2S , CH3COOH

wjlafIam ødjK jdhq

wï,h wï,h wï,h

wï,h wï,h wï,h iu. wï,h iu.j;a wï,h

;kql HCl (i) ;kql HCl NH4OH yd m%;sl%shdjla ke;' H2O iu.j;a
(ii) ;kql H2S NH4Cl we;súg idkaø HNO3 idkaø HCl m%;sl%shdjla
^H2S nqnq,kh& ;kql H2S Redox legdhkh ke;'
ldKav úYaf,aIKh Cl- ixlS¾K iE§u' kslïu c,fha wï,h
^H2S nqnq,kh& c,h iu.
I ldKavh Èh fõ' ;kql HCl / HNO3 / H2SO4
m%;sl%shd
ldKav úYaf,aIKh j¾Kj;a wj¾K lrhs' (H2O) idkaø H2SO4
II ldKavh ldKav úYaf,aIKh
III ldKavh

iqÿ j¾Kj;a l¿ j¾Kj;a l¿ Fe2+ → Fe3+ fld<- [Mn(Cl)4]2- ¬ [Zn(Cl)4]2- Aqua ixlS¾Kh wj¾K j¾Kj;a j¾Kj;a wj¾K
;kql
^<d ks,a& <d fld< → ÿUqre ly
SnS - ÿUqre ¬ CuS Èhfõ' ¬ MnS - <d frdai [Fe(Cl)4]
2-
[Ag(Cl)2]
-
iE§u'
HCl/ l¿ NO2- CO2-3 → CO2 ↑
¬ PbCl2(s) ly [Fe(Cl)4]
-
[Pb(Cl)4]
2-

∆ SnS2 - ly HNO3 ¬ ZnS - iqÿ NiS ¬ I- → I2(g) oï SO2-3 → SO2 ↑

¬ PbS ks,a [Co(Cl)4] 2-
j¾Kj;a wj¾K
¬ AgCl(s) kegùu CdS - ly CoS¬
-
Br → Br2(g) ÿUqre
Bi2S3 ¬ ly 2- NO2 S2O2-3 → S + SO2 ↑
Hg2Cl2(s) As2S3 - ÿUqre [Ni(Cl)4] ^ly$iqÿ
{
Èhfõ
;'HNO3 isis,a ¬ Sb2S3 - ;eô,s
HgS y;ru ;kql HCl ;=< Èh fõ' ¬ ly [Cu(Cl)4]2- Cr3+ wdú,;djh&
;=< Èh lsÍu Mn2+
fkdfõ ÿUqre 2-
S → H 2S ↑
iqÿ Co2+
b¢lgq ks.ukh ks.ukh ks.ukh ks.ukh Ni2+ ks.ukh ks.ukh ks.ukh ks.ukh ks.ukh
ks.ukh Cu2+
I ldKavfha II ldKavfha III ldKavfha
2+
Fe we;' by; legdhkj,ska Fe2+ wka;ßl wka;ßl - -
Br / I we;' -
NO we;'
2
CO3
2-

3+
legdhkhla legdhkhla legdhkhla tlla we;' Fe fkdjk fkdjk SO32-
we;' we;' we;' legdhkhla legdhkhla S2O32-
ks.ukh we;' we;' 2-
S we;'
wka;ßl
legdhkhla
we;'

Dr. rka§¾ lreKdkdhl

MBBS, University of Colombo
MSc Bioinformatics
 ,jK + NIau
+
^legdhkh M1 jk w;r wekdhkh An fõ'& M1 An + M2 OH
- + - -

M2OH = NaOH / KOH / NH4OH / NH4OH = NH3(aq)

M1+

wjlafIam ødjKh jdhq

NIauh NIauh NIAuh
NIauh ^ÿn,& NIauh ^m%n,& NIauh ^ÿn,&

jeämqr $ idkaø NaOH / KOH ;kql $ idkaø NaOH

NH4Cl we;súg ;kql NaOH ;kql ÿUqre
;kql NaOH or fyda +
NH3 fyda NH3= NH4OH M2
[Pb(OH)4]2- ;kql KOH or ;kql $ idkaø KOH
;kql KOH ly
ks.uk [Sn(OH)4]
2-
;kql NH4OH
[Be(OH)4]2- 1' fkia,¾
ldKav úYaf,aIKh
¬[Zn(OH)4]2- ksÍCIKh ← NH3(g)↑ 2' Nrks
III ldKavh j¾Kj;a iqÿ j¾Kj;a wj¾K iqÿ ksÍCIKh
¬[Al(OH)4]- 3' HCL iu.
iqÿ ÿudrhla
¬Fe(OH)3 - ÿUqre ¬Fe(OH)2 - w÷re fld< ¬Al(OH)3 wj¾K ødjK ks.ukh
¬Fe(OH)2 ¬Al(OH)3 +
¬Cr(OH)3 - fld< $<d fld< ¬Zn(OH)2 NH whkh we;'
¬Fe(OH)3 ¬Zn(OH)2 ¬[Cr(OH)6]3- fld<
4

¬Al(OH)3 - iqÿ ¬Fe(OH)3 - ly ÿUqre Mn(OH)2 ks.ukh (M1+ = NH+4 )

¬Cr(OH)3
¬Cr(OH)3 - fld< wd§ ;j;a ¬Co(OH)2
+ + +
Li / Na /K /Rb /
+

¬Co(OH)2 - frdai wka;ßl ¬Ni(OH)2 Cs+/ NH+4 / Ba2+

fkdjk ksÍCIKh j¾Kj;a wj¾K
¬Ni(OH)2 - fld< ¬Cu(OH)2 ;sfí'
¬Cu(OH)2 - ks,a legdhk
rdYshla WNh.=‚ legdhk we;'
NIauh
OH- ixlS¾K idohs'

jeämqr $ idkaø NH3

ksÍCIKh → Èhfõ' Èh fkdfõ'
¬ [Cu(NH3)4]2+ ;o ks,a
¬ [Ni(NH3)6]2+ ;o ks,a [Ag(NH3)2]+
wjlafIamh ks.ukh
[Co(NH3)6]3+ ;eô,s$ÿUqre [Cd(NH3)4]2+
¬ [Co(NH3)6]2+ly$ÿUqre [Zn(NH3)]2+
jeämqr NaOH / KOH
^m%n, NIauh&

ksÍCIKh j¾Kj;a wj¾K

ks.ukh NH3 ixlS¾K NH3 ixlS¾K idohs'

fkdidok legdhk we;'
ksÍCIKh Èhfõ'
ksÍCIKh → Èh fkdfõ'

wjlafIamh
jeämqr NH3 Dr. rka§¾ lreKdkdhl
^ÿn, NIauh& MBBS, University of Colombo
MSc Bioinformatics
 y÷kd.; hq;= ,jKh1 + m%;sldrlh f,i fhdok ,jKh2
M+ A-

M+ ^y÷kd .; hq;= legdhkh& jdhq msgùï ke;' A- ^y÷kd.; hq;= wekdhkh&

wjlafIam iE§u fyda
ksÍCIK ødjKfha j¾K úm¾hdihla ksÍCIK
mu‚'

}
1. Ca2+ + (NH4)2CO3 → CaCO3(s) iqÿ 1. Cl- + AgNO3 → AgCl(s) iqÿ ^;$id' NH3 ;=< Èhfõ'&
ldKav ;kql HNO3 ;=<
2. Br- + AgNO3 → AgBr(s) <d ly ^id' NH3 ;=< Èhfõ'&
2. Sr2+ + (NH4)2CO3 → SrCO3(s) iqÿ úYaf,aIKh Èh fkdfõ'
3. I- + AgNO3 → AgI(s) ly ^NH3 ;=< Èh fkdfõ'&
V ldKavh
2+
3. Ba + (NH4)2CO3 → BaCO3(s) iqÿ
isis,kh
4. Cl
-
+ Pb(NO3)2 → PbCl2(s) ^iqÿ& Èhfõ iqÿ bÈlgq
2+ 2-
∆
4. Ba + CrO4 → BaCrO4(s) ly isis,kh
5. Br
-
+ Pb(NO3)2 → PbBr2(s) ^<d ly& Èhfõ <d ly bÈlgq
∆
isis,kh
6. I
-
+ Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2(s) ^ly& Èhfõ rkajka l=vq
5. Pb2+ + CrO42- → PbCrO4) ly ∆
2+
6. Cu (aq) + KI → CuI(s) iqÿ + I2(s) ÿUqre (CCl4 fyda CHCl3 7. S2O2-3 + Pb(NO3)2 → PbS2O3(s) ^iqÿ&
H2O
PbS(s) ^l¿& + H2SO4
^<d ks,a& - oï) ∆
H 2O
3+ 2+ 8. S2O2-3 + AgNO3 → Ag2S2O3(s) ^iqÿ& AgS(s) ^l¿& + H2SO4
7. Fe (aq) + KI → Fe <d fld< + I2(s) ÿUqre (CCl4 fyda ∆
^ÿUqre& CHCl3 - oï) 9. SO 3
2-
+ Pb(NO3)2 → PbSO3(s) ^iqÿ&
O2
PbSO4(s) ^iqÿ&
∆
3+ 2+
8. Fe (aq) + KSCN → [Fe(SCN)] f,a r;= $ ;o r;= 2- O2
10. SO 3 + AgNO3 → Ag2SO3(s) ^iqÿ& Ag2SO4(s) ^iqÿ&
^ÿUqre& / NH4SCN ∆
11. SO2-3 + BaCl2 → BaSO3(s) ^iqÿ& ;' HCl / HNO3 ;=< Èhfõ'
9. Ni2+ + KCN → [Ni(CN)4]2- ly

2+ 4- 12. CO2-3 + BaCl2 → BaCO3(s) ^iqÿ& ;' HCl / HNO3 ;=< Èhfõ'
10. Fe + KCN → [Fe(CN)6] ly fld<
3+ 3- 13. SO2-4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4(s) ^iqÿ& ;' HCl / HNO3 ;=< Èh fkdfõ'
11. Fe + KCN → [Fe(CN)6] ÿUqre
- 2+
14. SCN + FeCl3 → [Fe(SCN)] (aq) f,a r;=
12. Fe3+ + K[Fe(CN)6] → KFe[Fe(CN)6](s) m%Yshka ks,a
2-
15. S + Pb(NO3)2 → PbS(s) l¿
2+
13. Fe + K3[Fe(CN)6] → KFe[Fe(CN)6](s) ;o ks,a 16. S
2-
+ AgNO3 → Ag2S(s) l¿
2+
14. Cu + K4[Fe(CN)6] → Cu2[Fe(CN)6] r;= ÿUqre 17. CrO
2-
4 + BaCl2 → BaCrO4(s) ly
2-
18. CrO 4 + Pb(NO3)2 → PbCrO4(s) ly
úfYaI m%;sl%shdj, legdhk y÷kd .ekSfï mÍCId
3+ - 2-
1' ^fld<& Cr + OH + H2O2 → CrO4(aq) ^ly&
2' ^<d ks,a& Cu2+ + SO2 → Cu+ + SO42- ^wj¾K&
úfYaI m%;sl%shdj, whk y÷kd.ekSfï mÍCId
+ 2- 2- -
3' ^ly& H + 2CrO4 ⇌ Cr2O 7 + OH ^;eô,s&
-
3+
4' ^ÿUqre& Fe + ie,sis,sla wï,h → oï (1) fvj¾vd ñY%f,dayh Al + NO3 + NaOH → NaAlO2 + NH3(g) ↑

(2) idkaø H2SO4 + NO3- + FeSO4 → [ Fe(H2O)5NO]2+ → ÿUqre j,hla

Dr. rka§¾ lreKdkdhl (3) idkaø HNO3 + PO3-4 + (NH4)2 MoO4 → ly wjlafIamhla
MBBS, University of Colombo
MSc Bioinformatics
 iq,n legdhk iq,n wekdhk wjlafIam kS;s 9

Cr3+ Cu2+ Co3

2-
No3 No2
- -
NIau = 25

Mn2+ Zn2+ So32- Po43- Cro42-

25 x 16 = 400
2+ + ,jK = 375
Fe Ag
Fe
3+
Pb
2+ So42- Cl- 1' ish¨ Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+yd NH+4 , ,jK c,fha Èh fõ'
2' Li+j, CO32- / PO43- / F- wjlafIam fõ' b;sß ish¨ Li+ ,jK c,fha Èhfõ'
Co
2+
Al
3+
S2o32- Br- - -
3' ish¨ NO3 , NO2 , CH3COO , Cr2O7 , HCO3 c,fha Èh fõ'
- 2- -

2+ 2+
Ni Ca S
2-
I
-
nyq;r ,jK Èhjk wekdhk
2+
Sr SCN
-
-

2-
- -

2+
2+

+
+

2+
+

2+
2+

2+
+
4' Cl , Br , I w;ßka Pb , Ag , Hg (Hg2 ), Cu (Cu2 ) wjlafIam jk w;r b;sß ish¨ ,jK c,fha
2+
2+

2-
Èh fõ'
2+ 5' SO w;ßka Pb , Ag , Hg , Ca , Sr , Ba wjlafIam jk w;r b;sß ish¨ , SO ,jK c,fha Èh fõ'
Ba 4 4

nyq;rh wjlafIam jk wekdhk

2- 3- 2- 2- + + + + +
6' Co3 , PO4 , SO3 , Co4 j, (L ) Na , K , Rb, Cs , NH4 ,jK yer b;sß ish,a, wjlafIam fõ'
7' OH- w;ßka Li+, Na+, K+, Rb, Cs+ , NH+4 , Ba2+ yer b;sß ish¨ OH- ,jK wjlafIam fõ'
Special Points 8' CrO42- w;ßka Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH+4 , Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+yer b;sß ish¨ CrO42- ,jK wjlafIam fõ'
9' S2- w;ßka Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH+4 , Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ , Ba2+^I yd II ldKavfha f,day& yer b;sß ish¨ S2+
1. ;' HCL $ ;' HNO3 ,jK wjlafIam fõ' ish¨ CrO42- ly meye;sh' ^Ag2CrO4- ;o r;=&
HgCl = Hg2Cl2
BaSO4 Èh fkdfõ' +1 +1
+ 2+
2Hg → Hg2 Cl2 = HgCl
2. ;' HNO3 ;=< Èh fkdfõ'
HgCl2
AgCl / AgBr / AgI +2
2Cu+ → Cu22+Cl2 = CuCl
3. WKq c,fha Èhjk wjlafIam
CuCl2
PbCl2 / PbBr2 / PbI2 +2

4. jeämqr NaOH ;=< ødjH +

jeämqr NH3 ;=< ødjH iqÿ
(Zn2+)
;dm úfhdack m%;sl%shd
5. jeämqr NaOH ;=< ødjH +
jeämqr NH5 ;=< wødjH
iqÿ (Al3+) f,day legdhk Tlaihsv yhsfv%dlaihsv ldnfkag nhsldnfkag khsfÜ%g

6. l,a ;eîfï§ fjkia jk wjlafIam Na/K/Rb/Cs úfhdackh fkdfõ' úfhdackh fkdfõ' úfhdackh fkdfõ' MHCO3 M2CO3+CO2+H2O MNO3 MNO2+O2
Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3
Mn(OH)2 MnO2
b;sß ish¨ f,day úfhdackh fkdfõ' MOH M2O+H2O MCO3 M2O+CO2 MHCO3 M2CO3+CO2+H2O MNO3 M2O+O2+NO2
7. iqÿ wjlafIamhla r;a lsÍfï§ ly fõ'
Zn(OH)2 Hg/Ag/Pt/Au MO M+O2 MOH M+H2O+O2 MCO3 M2O+CO2+O2 MHCO3 M+CO2+H2O+O2 MNO3 M2O+O2+NO2

8. wï, fhdod wjlafIam Èh lr ;jÿrg;a

mÍlaId lsÍu aqua ixlS¾Kh iEfoa'

Dr. rka§¾ lreKdkdhl

MBBS, University of Colombo
MSc Bioinformatics