Jester Ivan Calptis
Grade 1
History of Billiards
Billiards began as a lawn game similar to croquet played sometime during the 15th century
in Northern Europe. It has since evolved into the present-day style of billiard/pool tables
and rules. The game moved indoors to a wooden table with a simple border around the
edges and green cloth on top to simulate grass. This is why "green" is considered the
standard color. The term "billiard" is derived from the French language, either from the
word "billart," one of the wooden sticks, or "bille," a ball.
8-ball
8-ball is the most popular and widespread game variation in pool. It is played with all 15
object balls, which are divided into the groups of »solid« (1-7) and »striped« balls (9-15)
and the black eight. The first regularly pocketed ball after the break decides which player
plays which group.
Break the shot
At the break, the cue ball may be placed anywhere in the kitchen. No particular ball must
be hit first, and no ball must be called. If a ball is pocketed during the break, the break is
automatically valid and the player breaking remains at the table. If no ball is pocketed, at
least four object balls must hit one or more rails after the first contact of the cue ball with
the rack for the break to be correct. If this is met, the shot changes and the other player
takes over.
If no four balls touch a rail, the break is illegal.
The player who did not break then has the choice to take over the picture as it lies
anyway let the other player take the shot again to break himself
Foul
After a foul, the other player always has ball-in-hand and may place the cue ball anywhere
on the table for his next shot. The only exception is at the break. If the player commits a
foul here, the other player may only move the cue ball inside the kitchen and may only play
balls first that are outside the kitchen. Object balls pocketed during a foul always remain in
the pocket. A foul occurs when the cue ball is pocketed into a pocket the cue ball does not
touch another ball the cue ball or an object ball jumps off the table a ball of the other group
or the eight ball is hit first, as long as balls of the own group are still on the table after the
Jester Ivan Calptis
Grade 1
first contact of the cue ball with an object ball, no ball touches at least one rail or is
pocketed the cue ball is touched more than once during the shot (push shot foul) one or
more balls are touched with the cue, body, clothing or in any other way a shot is made
while at least one ball is still moving on the table at least one foot of the player does not
touch the floor during the shot
9-ball
9-ball is the classic among the rotation games, i.e. the games where the balls have to be
hit and pocketed in ascending order. In order to make a correct shot, the object ball with
the lowest number of the balls remaining on the table must always be hit first. If this is
fulfilled and any object ball is pocketed, the player’s turn continues.
Objective of the game
The winner of a 9-ball game is the player who sinks the 9 ball with a correct shot. It does
not matter whether it is the last object ball to drop with a normal shot, a valid combination
over another ball, or by pure chance, as long as the rules for a correct shot are met.
Potting the 9 ball on the break also automatically leads directly to winning the game if the
break was executed correctly. Furthermore, a game can be won if the opponent commits a
foul in three consecutive shots (see Three-Foul Rule).
How to set up the balls
The balls 1-9 are racked as a rhombus The one comes to the front Nine goes in the middle
The rest of the balls are placed randomly In the standard variant, the one is placed at the
foot spot. Depending on the tournament regulations, the nine can also be placed on the
foot spot, especially in professional play, and the rack can thus be built up higher.
Break shot
At the break shot, the cue ball may be placed anywhere in the head area. The one in front
must be hit first, otherwise it is a foul. If an object ball is pocketed during the break, the
break is automatically valid and the player making the break remains at the table. If no ball
is pocketed, at least four object balls must hit one or more rails after the first contact of the
cue ball with the rack for the break to be correct. If this is met, the shot changes and the
other player takes over as it lies. If no four balls touch a rail, the break is illegal. The player
who did not take the shot then has the choice to take over the picture as it lies anyway let
the other player take the shot again take the shot himself
Jester Ivan Calptis
Grade 1
Kitchen Rule
(3-point rule) In addition to the standard rules, many 9-ball events use the Kitchen Rule or
3-point rule. According to this rule, after the break, at least three object balls must run back
into or through the kitchen for a correct break to occur. It is sufficient if the head string is
touched, the ball does not have to cross it completely. Pocketed balls are automatically
deducted from the 3-point rule. So if one ball is pocketed, only two have to go into the
kitchen. If two balls are pocketed, only one has to go into the kitchen. If three or more balls
are pocketed, the Kitchen Rule is automatically fulfilled. All other combinations mean an
»Illegal Break«. If such an illegal break occurs, the player entitled to take over can decide
whether to take over the situation or to let the player who caused the illegal break continue
to play. If the player takes over, a correct shot must then be made on the lowest ball
remaining on the table. If the shot is returned, the person who caused the illegal break
may also continue the game with a
»push-out«
. You sent Push-out On the first shot after the break, the eligible player may play a push-
out. This option is useful when a correct shot on the lowest ball is not possible or difficult.
A push-out is a free shot, so to speak, for which no rules apply. The cue ball only has to
stay on the table, otherwise it is a foul. However, no rail needs to be touched and no object
ball needs to be touched. The cue ball can be pushed back or forward a few centimeters.
After the push-out, it is up to the other player to decide whether to take over the newly
created position or to return the game to the player of the push-out. It is therefore
advisable not to leave too easy a situation for the opponent but also not too difficult,
otherwise you will usually have to continue playing yourself. A push-out must be clearly
called to the opponent before it is executed. You sent
Foul shots
A foul occurs when the cue ball is pocketed into a pocket the cue ball does not touch
another ball the cue ball or an object ball jumps off the table a ball other than the lowest
ball on the table is contacted first after the first contact of the cue ball with an object ball,
no ball touches at least one rail or is pocketed the cue ball is touched several times during
the shot (push shot foul) one or more balls are touched with the cue, body, clothing or in
any other way a shot is made while at least one ball is still moving on the table at least one
foot of the player does not touch the floor during the shot You sent
Jester Ivan Calptis
Grade 1
Three-Foul
Rule If a player commits a foul in three consecutive shots, he has lost the game. It is
important that before committing a possible third foul, he is clearly warned by his opponent
(or by the referee) that he has already committed two consecutive fouls and that the game
would be lost if he committed another foul. If this warning is not given, the third foul will
only have the usual effects of a normal foul.
Equipment
Billiard Balls
Cue Stick
Billiards Bridge
Billiards Chalks
Cue Rack
Cue Cleaner
Billiard Table
Uniform
Jester Ivan Calptis
Grade 1
Court Dimension
Standard 8ft - (Playfield: 44" X 88") This is the most common size sold in the USA for
homes and private residences. Tournament 9ft - (Playfield: 50" X 100") This is the full size
the game of Billiards was invented on. It is still used in professional tournaments today.
Parts and Equipment
Billiard Balls
Cue Stick
Billiards Bridge
Billiards Chalks
Cue Rack
Cue Cleaner
Billiard Table
Reference
https://www.legacybilliards.com/blogs/resources/regulation-size-billiard-tables-
what-is-regulation#:~:text=The%20length%20of%20a%20%22Regulation,is
%20consistant%20with%20these%20measurements.
https://www.rookieroad.com/billiards/equipment-list/
https://www.pooltables.com/pages/history-of-pool#:~:text=Billiards%20began%20as
%20a%20lawn,on%20top%20to%20simulate%20grass.
https://www.billardpro.de/pool-rules
