MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MANIPAL – 576 104

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms./Mr. _________________________________________________

Reg. No. _______________ Section: ____ Roll No: ____ has satisfactorily completed the lab

exercises prescribed for POWER ELECTRONICS LAB [ELE 3261] of third year B. Tech. degree

at MIT, Manipal, in the academic year 2023-2024.

Date: _____ / _____ / ______

Faculty In-Charge Head of the Department

Course Objectives

• To facilitate the students to get practical experience in enhancing the theoretical concepts
studied in power electronics theory course.

• To demonstrate the potential of LTspice and MATLAB circuit simulation software in

simulating power electronic circuits.

• To study the effective usage of power modules in DC and AC drives.

Course Outcomes

At the end of this course, students will be able to:

• Analyse power electronic circuits through hardware and digital simulation using tools
from Mathworks, PSIM and LTSpice.

• Analyse the device characteristics and design filter circuits for rectifiers to limit ripple at
specified level

• Design DC-DC converters and analyse the operation in continuous and discontinuous
mode with load variation.

• Design and implement controller for Inverter circuits

• Illustrate speed control of DC and AC drives fed through intelligent power module.
Safety Instructions

• Be aware about the locations of fire extinguishers and first aid kits in lab.

• Wearing a pair of shoes is compulsory.

• Do not wear loose-fitting clothing or jewellery in the lab.

• Use isolated power sources wherever required.

• Avoid using long wires for the connections.

• Do NOT power the circuit ON on your own. First, get the wiring checked by the

instructor.

• Apply low voltages to check for the working of circuits, before the conduction of the

experiment.

• After the conduction of the experiment reduce the voltage or power slowly till it comes to

zero. Switch of all the power supplies and remove the wiring.

• Report accident/ damage of equipment to the lab staff/faculty on duty.

• Be alert at all times.

Floor Plan
 CYCLE – 1
CONTENTS

1. Study the Characteristics of Semiconductor Devices ............................ 1

2. Study of Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits and effect of Non-linear Load
on Single Phase and Three Phase Supply.............................................. 5
3. Controlled Rectifier with R and RL loads ............................................. 9
4. Power quality analysis of AC voltage controller ................................... 11
 Study the Characteristics of Semiconductor Devices
Objective

• To study the VI characteristics of MOSFET, IGBT and SCR respectively.

• To determine the holding current, latching current and forward break over voltage of SCR.

Apparatus Required

▪ PEC16M1A trainer kit

▪ Digital multimeters - 02 Nos.
▪ Patch chords

a) To study the output characteristics of MOSFET using PEC16M1A

Circuit Diagram

Figure 1.1: Experimental set up to obtain V-I characteristics of MOSFET

Procedure

1. Make connections as per circuit diagram shown in Figure 1.1.

2. Turn ON the power switch.
3. Keep the gate-source voltage (𝑉𝐺𝑆 ) at a suitable value by varying pot 1.
4. Smoothly vary the drain-source voltage (𝑉𝐷𝑆 ) by varying pot 2 till the MOSFET turns ON
and note the voltage (𝑉𝐷𝑆 ), current (𝐼𝐷 ).
5. Further increase the drain-source voltage (𝑉𝐷𝑆 ) and note the current 𝐼𝐷 . Care should be
taken to keep 𝑉𝐺𝑆 constant throughout.
6. For a new value of 𝑉𝐺𝑆 , repeat step number 4 and 5.
7. To calculate the 𝐺𝑀 , 𝑅𝐷𝑆 values: Plot the 𝑉𝐷𝑆 v/s 𝐼𝐷 in a graph sheet.

Tabular Column

𝑽𝑮𝑺 =
Sl. No.
𝑽𝑫𝑺 𝑰𝑫 𝑮𝑴 = ∆𝑰𝑫 /∆𝑽𝑫𝑺 𝑹𝑫𝑺 = ∆𝑽𝑫𝑺 /∆𝑰𝑫

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 Figure 1.2: Output characteristics of MOSFET

b) To study the transfer characteristics of IGBT

Circuit Diagram

Figure 1.3: Experimental set up to obtain V-I characteristics of IGBT

Procedure

1. Make connections as per circuit diagram shown in Figure 1.3.

2. Turn ON the power switch.
3. Keep the collector-emitter voltage (VCE) at a suitable value by varying pot. 2.
4. Smoothly vary the gate-emitter voltage (VGE) by varying the pot. 1 till the IGBT turns
ON and note the voltage (VGE) along with current (IC).
5. Further increase the gate-emitter voltage (VGE) and note the current IC. Care should be
taken to keep VCE constant throughout.
6. For a new value of VCE, repeat step number 4 and 5.
7. Plot the graph for IC vs VGE for different values of VCE.

Tabular Column

𝑽𝑪𝑬 =
Sl. No.
𝑽𝑮𝑬 𝑰𝑪

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 Figure 1.4: Transfer characteristics of IGBT

c) To study the VI characteristics of SCR.

Circuit Diagram

Figure 1.5: Experimental set up to obtain V-I characteristics of SCR

Procedure

1. Make connections as shown in Figure 1.5. Switch ON the power switch.

2. Vary the pot. 3 and set the gate current 𝐼𝐺 in the range of 2 mA to 4 mA.
3. Smoothly increase the anode-cathode voltage (𝑉𝐴𝐾 ) by varying the pot. 4 till the thyristor
gets turned ON, note down the ammeter (𝐼𝐴 ), Voltmeter (𝑉𝐴𝐾 ) readings. Note down the
break over voltage (𝑉𝐵𝑂 )
4. For various gate currents, take the reading and tabulate it. Plot the graph 𝑉𝐴𝐾 vs 𝐼𝐴 in a
graph sheet.
5. To find holding current: Once the thyristor is turned on remove the gate current by open
circuiting the gate circuit. Reduce the anode-cathode voltage (𝑉𝐴𝐾 ) gradually, at one point
the anode current will suddenly reach zero value. The current at this stage is holding
current (𝐼𝐻 ).
6. To find latching current: Connect the gate circuit, increase anode cathode voltage (𝑉𝐴𝐾 )
such that 𝐼𝐴 is a few milli-ampers above the holding current. Now disconnect the gate
circuit.
7. If the anode current shows zero value, repeat step 6. If the anode current shows some
value, that is the latching current (𝐼𝐿 ). (Typically its value will be 2-3mA above holding
current).
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Note
• Only forward characteristics of the SCR can be studied in this experiment.

Tabular Column

𝑰𝑮 = 𝑰𝑮 =
S. No.
𝑽𝑨𝑲 𝑰𝑨 𝑽𝑨𝑲 𝑰𝑨

Figure 1.6: V-I characteristics of SCR

Result

i. Latching current (𝐼𝐿 ) = --------------

ii. Holding current (𝐼𝐻 ) = --------------
iii. Gate current (𝐼𝐺 ) = --------------
iv. Break over voltage (𝑉𝐵𝑂 ) = --------------

Concluding Remarks

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 Study of Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits and effect of Non-linear Load on
Single Phase and Three Phase Supply

A: Study of Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits

Objective

• To design a capacitor filter for a full bridge diode rectifier and keep the ripple voltage
within the specified limits.
• Simulate the rectifier circuit in MATLAB/Simulink and compare the experimental results
with the simulated results.

Circuit Diagram

Figure 2.1: Single phase full bridge diode rectifier

Procedure

Hardware

1. Make the required connections for the diode bridge rectifier without the filter components.
2. Apply an input voltage of 78V RMS through the autotransformer and a 70Ω resistor is
connected as the load.
3. Observe the load voltage, load current, diode voltage, source current and source voltage
and measure the output voltage ripple.
4. Now connect the capacitor filter through the toggle switch. Using the autotransformer
apply a suitable voltage according to the design calculations. Observe the waveforms
mentioned in step 3.
5. Repeat the above step for different values of output voltage ripple.
6. Connect an inductor of suitable value (without capacitor) and observe the relevant
waveforms along with the output current ripple.
7. Analyze the effect of an LC filter with the relevant waveforms.
8. Build the rectifier circuit using MATLAB-Simulink package and compare the experimental
results with the simulated results.

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Theoretical Calculations

Specifications:

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑂 = 70𝑉 ; 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝐿 = 70𝛺; 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑂 = 70𝑊;
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 = 10%, 15% 𝑎𝑛𝑑 20%

Performance parameters without capacitor filter:

2𝑉𝑚
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑉𝑂 =
𝜋
𝑉𝑚
𝑅𝑀𝑆 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √2

𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 2
√
𝑅𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑅𝐹 = ( ) −1
𝑉𝑂

𝑃𝐼𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑉𝑚

Performance parameters with capacitor filter:

𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 − 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 ∆𝑉𝑜 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 × 𝑉0

∆𝑉𝑜
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑂 = 𝑉𝑚 −
2
𝑉𝑚
𝑅𝑀𝑆 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
√2
1
𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝐶 = ; 𝑃𝐼𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑉𝑚
∆𝑉
2𝑓𝑅𝐿 ( 𝑉 𝑜 )
𝑂

Tabular Column

Supply Voltage Load voltage Output voltage Supply Current

𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑽𝑶 ripple(%) THD
Without Capacitor filter Ripple factor =
C1 % ripple =
With Capacitor filter C2 % ripple =
C3 % ripple =

Concluding remarks

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B: Effect of Non-linear Load on Single Phase and Three Phase Supply
Objective

• To analyze the effect of full bridge rectifier with capacitor filter on single phase and three
phase supply.

Circuit Diagram

a. Single Phase Supply

Figure 2.2: Single phase diode bridge rectifier

b. Three Phase Supply

Figure 2.3: Three phase source feeding single phase nonlinear loads

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Procedure

Single phase supply

1. Figure 2.2 is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

2. Observe the waveforms of source voltage, source current, capacitor current, output
voltage and output current.
3. Observe the FFT analysis of source current and source voltage.
4. Change the values of resistance and capacitance and repeat the above procedure.

Three phase supply

1. Figure 2.3 is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

2. Observe the waveforms of source voltage, source current, neutral current, output voltage
and output current, with balanced load(with and without filter capacitor).
3. Observe the FFT analysis of source current, neutral current and source voltage.
4. Create unbalance in the load to get another set of observations.

Concluding remarks

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 Controlled Rectifier with R and RL loads
Objective

• To observe the load voltage and voltage across the SCR waveforms of a single-phase full
wave fully controlled bridge rectifier, supplying
(a) R load
(b) R-L load (discontinuous conduction mode)
(c) R-L load (Continuous conduction mode) and
(d) R-L load with freewheeling diode
• Compute 𝑉𝑑𝑐 in each case and compare it with observed value.

Circuit Diagram

Figure 3.1: Single phase full wave fully controlled bridge rectifier

Procedure

1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Figure 3.1 with resistive load (100 Ω, 5A).
2. Auto transformer is adjusted for about 100 V.
3. Switch on the firing circuit & check for the line synchronization of trigger circuit. If they
are not synchronized, interchange the source connections of either power circuit or the
trigger circuit.
4. Then trigger the SCRs by selecting a suitable firing angle.
5. Observe load voltage, load current & voltage across the SCR waveforms.
6. Compute 𝑉𝑑𝑐 and compare it with observed value.
7. Repeat steps 2-5 for RL load (for both continuous & discontinuous conduction) & RL
load with freewheeling diode.

Note
Students are suggested to analyze the effect of varying load L/R ratio and firing angle on the output
voltage.

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Theoretical Calculations
𝑉𝑚 (1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼)
Average load voltage for R Load and RL with FWD: 𝑉𝑑𝑐 =
𝜋

2𝑉𝑚 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼)
Average load voltage for RL Load in continuous current mode: 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝜋

𝑉𝑚 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)
Average load voltage for RL Load in discontinuous current mode: 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝜋

Tabular Column

For R load

Sl. No. Supply Voltage Firing Angle (𝜶) Theoretical 𝑽𝒅𝒄 Observed 𝑽𝒅𝒄

For RL load (Discontinuous mode)

Supply Firing Angle Extinction Theoretical Observed

Sl. No.
Voltage (𝜶) Angle (𝜷) 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑽𝒅𝒄

For RL load (Continuous mode)

Sl. No. Supply Voltage Firing Angle (𝜶) Theoretical 𝑽𝒅𝒄 Observed 𝑽𝒅𝒄

For RL load with FWD (Continuous mode)

Sl. No. Supply Voltage Firing Angle (𝜶) Theoretical 𝑽𝒅𝒄 Observed 𝑽𝒅𝒄

Concluding Remarks

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 Power quality analysis of AC voltage controller
Objective

• To observe the load voltage and voltage across the SCR waveforms of a single-phase ac
voltage controller, supplying (a) R load (b) R L load
• Compute Vrms in each case and compare it with observed value.
• To observe the power quality parameters in MATLAB/Simulink.

Circuit Diagram

Figure 4.1: Single phase AC voltage controller

Procedure

1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Figure 4.1 with resistive load (100Ω, 5A).
2. Auto transformer is adjusted for about 100 V.
3. Switch on the single-phase bridge firing circuit & check for the line synchronization of
trigger circuit. If they are not synchronized, interchange the source connections of either
power circuit or the trigger circuit.
4. Then trigger the SCRs by selecting a suitable firing angle.
5. Observe load voltage and voltage across the SCR waveforms.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 for R-L load
7. Figure 4.1 is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
8. Observe the waveforms of source voltage, source current, output voltage and output
current.
9. Observe the FFT analysis of source current and source voltage different values of firing
angle.

Note
• The students are advised to study the effect of varying source voltage magnitude, load L/R
ratio on the output voltage. Critically observe the commutation process of the devices.

Theoretical Calculations

RMS load voltage for R load

𝑉𝑚 𝛼 sin (2𝛼)
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = [√ 1 − + ]
√2 𝜋 2𝜋

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RMS load voltage for R-L load
𝑉𝑚 1 sin(2𝛼) sin(2𝛽)
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = [√ (𝛽 − 𝛼 + − )]
√2 𝜋 2 2

Tabular Column

For R load

Supply Firing Theoretical Observed

Sl. No.
Voltage Angle VRMS VRMS

For RL load

Supply Firing Extinction Theoretical Observed

Sl. No.
Voltage Angle Angle VRMS VRMS

Concluding Remarks

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