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Inverse Function

The document discusses inverse functions and one-to-one functions. An inverse function undoes the operations of another function. A function is one-to-one if each element in its domain maps to a unique element in its range. The horizontal line test can determine if a function is one-to-one by checking if horizontal lines intersect the graph more than once. The inverse of a function is found by interchanging the x- and y-values and solving for y in terms of x. Composing a function with its inverse results in the identity function, where the input is unchanged.

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46 views2 pages

Inverse Function

The document discusses inverse functions and one-to-one functions. An inverse function undoes the operations of another function. A function is one-to-one if each element in its domain maps to a unique element in its range. The horizontal line test can determine if a function is one-to-one by checking if horizontal lines intersect the graph more than once. The inverse of a function is found by interchanging the x- and y-values and solving for y in terms of x. Composing a function with its inverse results in the identity function, where the input is unchanged.

Uploaded by

mheramis00
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Inverse Function

In layman’s term an inverse function is a function that “reverses” another relation which
results in a new function.

One-to-One Function
In Unit 1, functions are described as a mapping of its domain to its range. Recall that a
relation is a one-to-one if and only if each element of its domain corresponds to a unique element
in its range, and each element in range corresponds to a unique element in its domain.
Suppose F is a one-to-one function. Since F is a function, it follows that any vertical line,
x=h, will intersect the graph of F in one and only one point; and since F is a one-to-one, any
horizontal line, y=k, will intersect the graph of F in one and only point.
To determine whether the graph of a function is a one-to-one function, the horizontal line
test is used.

Horizontal line test


A function f is one-to-one if and only if no horizontal line drawn through the graph of f
intersects it more than once.

Example. State whether each relation whose graph is given is a one-to-one function or not.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Not Not one-to-one one-to-one

Inverse of a Function
The relation is said to be the inverse of the other. Each ordered pair of P is the
corresponding ordered pair of Q, with the abscissas and ordinates interchanged.

Example. Find the inverse of each.

x−2
1. f ( x )=2 x +1 2. f ( x )=
2 x+ 3

Sol. To find the inverse of the given relation, first replace f (x) with y . Then, interchange x and y ,
and solve for y in terms of x . Finally, replace y with f −1 ( x ) for the inverse of f .

a. f ( x )=2 x +1 given
y=2 x +1 replace f ( x ) with y
x=2 y +1interchange x∧ y
x−1=2 y
x−1
=y
2
−1 x−1 −1
f ( x )= Replace y with f ( x ) .
2
x−2
b. f ( x )= given
2 x+ 3
x−2
y= replace f ( x ) with y
2 x+ 3
y−2
x= interchange x∧ y
2 y+ 3
x (2 y +3 )= y−2
2 xy+ 3 x = y−2
2 xy− y=−3 x −2
y (2 x−1)=−3 x−2
−3 x−2
y=
2 x−1
−1 −3 x−2 −1
f ( x )= Replace y with f ( x ) .
2 x−1

If two functions are given, and if two functions are inverses of one another, the following properties can be
used.

Composition of a Function and Its Inverse


A one-to-one function f and its inverse f −1 have the following properties:
i. (f ¿¿−1⃘ f ) ( x ) =x ¿ for all x in the domain of f, and
ii. ( f ⃘ f −1) ( x )=x for all x in the domain of (f ¿¿−1). ¿
Example. Use the composition to verify if the given pairs are inverse of each other.
−x
1. f ( x )=−3 x , g ( x )=
3
1
2. F ( x )= x−4 , G ( x )=3 x+ 4
3
Solution.

1. First, find ( f ⃘ g )( x ) and( g ⃘ f )( x ) .


−x ( g ⃘ f )( x )=g (−3 x)
( f ⃘ g )( x )=f ( )
3 −−3 x
−x ( g ⃘ f )( x )=
( f ⃘ g )( x )=−3( ) 3
3 ( g ⃘ f )( x )=x
( f ⃘ g )( x )=x
Since f
−x
( )
3
=g (−3 x )=x , then f ( x )∧g ( x ) are inverses of each other.

2. Evaluate F [ G(x ) ] ∧G [ F (x ) ]

F [ G(x ) ] =F (3 x+ 4)
1
1
G [ F (x ) ] =G x−4
3 ( )
F [ G(x ) ] = ( 3 x+ 4 )−4
3
4
1
[ F (x)] =3 x−4 + 4
3 ( )
F [ G ( x ) ] =x + −4 G [ F ( x ) ] =x−12+ 4
3
G [ F (x ) ] =x−8
1
( )
Since both F ( 3 x +4 ) and G x−4 are not equal to x, they are not inverse of each other.
3

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