*MAJOR AND MINOR PORTS ‘ REPORT*

*FOUNDATION ENGLISH 1*

MISS MARIATUL SABRINA BINTI BOKHARI

*14/11/23 (TUESDAY)*

GROUP MEMBERS STUDENT ID

MUHAMMAD NOR SYAM BIN BAHARUDDIN 1230905094

AZHAR ANUGRAH BIN JAMALUDDIN 1230905096

AUGUSTINE ANAK MACSON 1230905088

MUHAMMAD FARIES AFIF BIN MOHAMAD SARUN 1230905100

MUHAMMAD UZAIEZ FARHAN BIN AHMAD BASR 1230905079

MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN ILYAS 1230905085

MUAMMAD HAKIM BIN AHMAD AIDIL 1230905072

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TIME TABLE

No. Content Page

1. Introduction 3

2. History and Background Port 4-7

3. Types of Cargos That Sea Ports Handle 5-8

4. The Importance of The Ports Towards The Country’s 6-9

Economy

5. CONCLUSION 10

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 1) INTRODUCTION

Port are hubs for passengers and freight movement between the land and maritime sectors.

Next, A port function is to provide services to freight warehousing, transshipment, and ships
which is piers, Ports serve as crucial junctions for the movement of both passengers and freight
between the terrestrial and maritime domains.

Furthermore, the primary function of a port is to offer a range of services, including warehousing
for cargo, transshipment activities, and ship-related infrastructure such as piers, refueling
stations, and repair facilities.

The purpose of a port is to provide a location where vessels can anchor or dock after an
extended journey, whether on a river or at sea. Port sites are strategically selected to optimize
access to both land and navigable waters, fulfilling trade requirements, and providing protection
against wind and waves.

Malaysia boasts several ports, including Klang Port, Bintulu Port, Johor Port, Kuantan Port, and
others.

For our discussion, we will focus on Port Klang and Johor Port.refueling, repairs.

The function of port is a place where ships anchor or stop after a long voyage either on the river
or at sea. Port locations are chosen to optimize access to land and navigable waters, for trade
demands, and protection from wind and waves.

There are several in Malaysia which is Klang port, Bintulu port, Johor port, Kuantan port and
more.

We will be discussing on port Klang and Johor port.

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 2) HISTORY AND BACKGROUND PORT

PORT KLANG

Port Klang, situated in Malaysia, stands as a prominent shipping port and city. Initially named
Port Swettenham, it holds the distinction of being the largest and most active port in Malaysia.
Spanning an area of 806 hectares within the Klang district, Selangor, this port complex
comprises North Port, West Port, and South Port. Port Klang boasts fully equipped, state-of-the-
art service facilities tailored to accommodate various types of trade. In its history, the port
achieved global recognition, ranking as the 13th busiest transshipment port worldwide in 2004,
the 26th busiest port based on total cargo tonnage handled in 2005, and the 16th busiest port
globally in 2007.

Originally established as Port Swettenham in 1893 by the British colonial government, in

collaboration with the then British Resident of Selangor, Sir Frank Swettenham, the port's
opening ceremony took place on September 15, 1901. This choice was informed by a
comprehensive study indicating that the coastal area offered deep anchorage, was hazard-free,
and suitable for the construction of wharves. However, the port's early years were marred by
challenges, notably the prevalence of malaria due to its location in a marshy area. Within two
years of its inauguration, the port had to be temporarily closed due to this issue.

Fortunately, scientific advancements came to the port's aid. In 1897, British doctor Sir Ronald
Ross conclusively demonstrated that malaria was transmitted through mosquitoes, a
breakthrough that benefited Port Swettenham immensely. Measures were swiftly implemented
to combat malaria, including swamp filling, forest clearance, and redirecting surface water,
transforming the port area and ensuring its future development.

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 TYPES OF CARGOS THAT SEA PORTS HANDLE (KLANG PORT)

1. Cargo survey
Inspecting, assessing, and measuring the quality and quantity of various bulk cargoes,
both in liquid and solid states, for import/export purposes to verify that the cargo's quality
and quantity matches the information provided in relevant documents like the
Delivery Order and Shipping Note.

2. Tally clerk
This service computes the weight and type of cargo unloaded from the vessel to the
wharf or vice versa to verify that they match the information in the cargo documents or
shipping documents, ensuring accuracy.

3. Lashing & unlashing

Work is conducted on both the wharf and vessel to secure and reinforce the position of
cargo or containers within hatches and on the vessel. This ensures the safety of the
cargo or containers, preventing them from falling into the sea during the voyage.

4. Supply of fresh water

The provision of fresh water for ships anchored within the port limits, intended for the
use of both the vessels and their crews

5. Supply of RO-RO vessel stevedore

The service entails vehicles entering or exiting the vessel for import/export purposes,
which includes tally work and the lashing/unlashing of the vehicle.

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PORTS TOWARDS THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY (KLANG
PORT)

 The significance of ports in the collection and distribution functions of goods cannot be
overstated. For a nation engaged in substantial trade, pivotal ports like Port Klang and Port
Tanjung Pelepas play a crucial role in enabling the smooth flow of imported and exported goods.
Via this port, products from diverse sectors like agriculture, industry, and consumption can be
regulated and managed with high efficiency. Proficient handling at the port serves to reduce
logistics costs and guarantees a consistent supply of goods for both domestic and global
markets.

 The port maintains trade connections with over 120 countries and engages with more than 500
ports globally. Its strategic geographical location positions it as the initial port of call for ships on
the eastbound leg and the final port of call on the westbound leg of the Far East-Europe Trade
Route.

 Port Klang comprises West Port Terminal, North Port Terminal, and Southpoint Terminal.
Boasting 8.4 km of berths and more than 187 hectares of yard space, the West Port primarily
manages the majority of Port Klang's international transshipment cargo.

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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND PORT
JOHOR PORT

Johor Port, situated in Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia, was constructed in 1977. It stands as an
integrated multi-purpose port facility, offering services for bulk cargo, containers, and general
cargo. Recognized as the world's largest palm oil terminal, it holds the third position globally in
terms of LME cargo volume. The Johor Port Authority, founded in 1978, oversaw the port's
construction in 1979. Subsequently, in 1993, the Johor Port Authority was incorporated, and in
1995, privatized to Johor Port Berhad, now a wholly owned subsidiary of MMC Corporation
Berhad.

Located on the pristine shoreline of the East Johor straits, 32 km from Johor Bahru city center
and covering 8000 acres of Pasir Gudang Industrial area, Johor Port was initiated by the Johor
Port Authority and operated by Johor Port Berhad in 1977. As Malaysia's pioneering multi-
purpose port, it caters to virtually all types of cargoes. Being the first port within a free trade
zone area, Johor Port, initially a fully government-owned company, assumed all port facilities
and services from the Johor Port Authority, established in 1973. The port underwent
corporatization under the Port Privatisation Act and achieved another significant milestone in
diversifying its core business from bulk handling to containerization with the commencement of
Phase III operations (Container Terminal) in the same year.

The Johor Container Terminal (JOT) is anticipated to provide a capacity of 1.2 million TUs.
Presently, the port operates with 8 quay cranes, 21 RTGs, 4 reach stackers, and 52 prime
movers. In August 1995, full privatization occurred under Seaport Terminal Sdn. Bhd., which
became the holding company of Johor Port Berhad. Johor Port Berhad remains wholly owned
by MMC Corporation Berhad

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TYPES OF CARGOS THAT SEA PORTS HANDLE (JOHOR PORT)

6. Our Bulk & Breakbulk Terminal

Manages cargo of diverse types and sizes, encompassing Edible and Non-Edible Dry
Bulk, Breakbulk, General, Project, Heavy Lift, and Gas-Related Cargoes, as well as any
cargo that cannot be accommodated in a container.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PORTS TOWARDS THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY (JOHOR

PORT)

 Johor Port plays a crucial role in the oil and gas industry, while the deep-sea ports of
Kuantan and Kemaman serve, among other purposes, the mining industry in central and
north Malaysia and function as a hub for offshore operators. Bintulu serves as the primary
port of entry for Sarawak and stands among the world's largest LNG trading hubs

 Johor Port is a largest palm oil terminal in the world and southern gateway multi-purpose
port in Malaysia. With 24 berths and a total berthing length of 4.9 km, the services and
facilities within Johor Port include the Container Terminal, Bulk and Break Bulk Terminal,
Liquid Terminal and Warehousing Facilities.

 Infrastructure development: Investments in ports frequently stimulate the development of

associated infrastructure, such as roads, railways, and others, enhancing regional and
national connectivity.

 increase in community income: port activities contribute to community improvement through

jobs, related businesses and property development around the port

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Port has its own historical, commercial and infrastructural significance. They form
the backbone of the national and regional economy. Ports are also an important part of trade.
Every country must have the port infrastructure and capacity to allow companies to ship their
products to consumers around the world. Countries with good port infrastructure will attract
foreign investment and enable local companies to manufacture and ship to international markets
more efficiently. Supporting the efficient operation and management of ports also is important
for the country's prosperity.

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