Subject index

3D printing 39 agenda 5 artefacts 108, 110

3M 577 AGES model 167–8 articulated robots 77, 78
aggregates 321 artificial intelligence (AI) 38, 73, 76,
ability 26–7, 155, 197 aggression 20, 661 79–83
absenteeism 278 agile organizations 586–9 applications 81
abuse of power 350 agile software development/agile business benefits 82
acceleration trap 649–51 technology 573 challenges 81
Accenture 79 agility 586, 622 components 80
accommodating approach, to conflict agreeableness 189, 190 deep learning 79, 80
resolution 735, 736 Airbnb 598 expert systems 79, 80
accommodation stage of Airbus 464 general AI 81
socialization 115 Airbus A380 537
historical perspectives 79
accountability 318, 323, 427, 591 aircraft 423, 464, 537, 579, 583–4
job advertisements and 81
change failure 669–70 airlines 153
machine learning 79, 80
definition 503 roles 519
narrow AI 79
achievement, need for 184, 196–7, 775 sexuality and organizational
action roles 364 image 513 reinforcement learning 79, 80
action teams 420, 422–3 status, authority and problem super AI 81
active revengers 656 solving 349–50 transfer learning 79, 80
activities teams 428–9, 438, 440 assembly lines, mechanized 461,
Homans’ theory 335, 336 alcohol 164, 255, 282 462–4, 495
maintenance 358 Allen curve 213 assertiveness 131, 735, 770
task 358 alliances 581–2 assessment centres 202–3
teamwork 429–31 as political tactic 774 assets, intangible 49, 50
adaptability 178, 195, 534, 585 strategic 581 assistance robots 77, 78
adaptation 571 alphas 248 assumptions
external 128 alternative dispute resolution 726 culture
adaptive decisions 693, 694 altruism 282 basic 113
additive task 325, 326, 440 Amazon 29, 41, 76, 323, 458, 477, frame of reference 719
adherence, organizational 584, 598 perceptual sets and 260–2
socialization 115 ambiverts 189 rational model of decision
ad hoc decisions 704, 705 American National Security Agency 769 making 683
adhocracy 576 American Sociological Review astronauts 319–20
adjourning 338–9 (Selznick) 4 attention
administrative model 685 Anadarko Petroleum 7 learning 167
advanced robotics 76, 77–9 anarchies, organized 707 selective 251, 253–5, 260, 267
applications 81 anonymity 403, 404
attributions
advice teams 420, 421–2 anticipatory stage of socialization 115
appearance and age 262–6
aesthetic labour 263 antisocial media 95
definition 263
aesthetics 286 anxiety, leakage tells and 760
fundamental attribution error
affiliation 196, 286 apologies 218, 228
11–12, 263
need for 775 apparent sincerity , as political skill
affiliative leadership 629 dimension 773 attunement 213
affluence and CSR 64–5 appearance 163, 224, 260 auditory cues 268
African-American women, and age and attributions 262–6 augmented reality (AR) 76, 83–5
leadership 621–2 biases 263–5 applications 85
age stress 653 instruction and guidance 84–5
ageing population 48–57 Apple 769 interaction 85
appearance and attributions 262–6 appraisal, performance 26, 27, 28 visualization 84
discrimination 49, 50 feedforward interview 160–1, Australian Aboriginal culture 229
discrimination, stereotypes and 265–6 160–1 authenticity 195, 622, 781
facial appearance 266 organizational culture 121 authoritarian leadership 368
and learning new skills 262 army 417, 499 authoritative leadership 368, 629
 Subject index 817

authority 128, 349 Bath model of HRM 26–8 Boomsday 50

challenge and 28 behaviour bottom-up processing 250
decentralization of 589, 590, 593, 594 aggressive 20 boundaries 56
definition 503 avoidance 721 organizational 42, 566
groups 348 back-up 317 perceptual threshold 253
hierarchy of 10, 532 counter-productive work 722, teamworking 435–6, 439–41
as influence principle 771 746–7 cross-functional teams 426
legitimate 530 discretionary 26–7, 746 work and personal life 122–3
organizational cultures and emotionally-charged 727 boundaryless organization 575–81
leadership style 126 ethical 57–60 definition 575
overlapping 732 group influences 381, 391–402 hollow organization structure
problem-solving, status and 349–50 leadership, dimensions of 624, 629 577–8
autocratic leadership 627 management 279 modular organization structure
auto industry 564, 567 modification 155, 156, 157–8, 578–9
automating behaviour 159, 162 outsourcing 576–80
modification 155 socialization vs 168–70 boundary spanners 333
collaboration 582–3 non-verbal 223–8 bounded instability 692, 693
environment 38, 41 oral, leader’s 360–1 bounded rationality 685, 686, 705
Fordism 461–4 organizational see separate entry box-tickers 469
group working 318 organizational work 746–7 BP 7–9
automating behaviour in organizations 492 brainstorming 319, 695, 700–2
modification 155 positive 538 modified approaches 701
automating personality social, in operating theatres 423–4 bribery 57–8, 63
assessment 190 behavioural modelling 162 BRICs 46, 56
automation 81, 85, 478 behavioural theory of decision British Civil Service 107
anxiety and a workless future 86 making 685 bullshit job thesis (BST) 469
jobs and 88 behaviourist approach to learning
bullying 626, 726
job tasks 474–6 152–6, 157–8, 168–70
bureaucracy 260, 501, 576, 586, 635
organizational factors 90 best practices 501
benefits of 531
potential 89 puzzle 665–7
characteristics of 530
technological unemployment best practice(s) 24, 29
control 121, 534
85–92 Bethlehem Steel Company 457
costs 532
see also technology BetterWorks 292
definition 530
autonomous motivation 284 ‘beyond the organization’ trend 564
future of 533–4
autonomy 10, 75, 277, 437, 455 biases 267
innovation 667
Baby Boomers 54 appearance 263–5
natural features 533
behaviour modification 169 bureaucracy 531
organizational influence 455
collective 429 decision making 688, 690–2
positive and negative
individual 318, 429 internet 697
job characteristics model 297 leadership 611 consequences 532
job diagnostic survey 297 multicultural virtual teams 427 problems of 531–3
learning 167 selective 697 rules 531, 532
self-determination theory 283, unconscious 619 Weber and 530–4
284–5 big-bet decisions 704, 705 bureaucratic control 121
team see separate entry big data 73, 82 burnout 185, 259, 611, 649
avoidance behaviour 721 and HR contribution 29–31 bystanders 770
avoiding approach, to conflict Big Five model of personality 618
resolution 735, 736, 738, 739 The Big Five personality trait clusters cafeteria 298
187–91 caffeine 166
Baby Boomers 50, 53, 54 biology 178 calculability 467
backlash effect 230 bio-power 766 call centres 46, 122–3, 153
back-up behaviour 317 Black Gangster Disciple Nation 494 captives 770
balanced scorecard 13 BlackRock 62 carbon calculator 65
balance sheet 58 bloat, bureaucracy cost 532 caring, organizational cultures and
common good 62 blocking, as influence tactic 770 leadership style 125
banks blogging 723 castles 769
cultures 106–7, 120 blogs 15, 258, 581 categorization
investment 62 ‘blue skies’ thinking 222 perception 255
Barbie 48 BMW 77, 84, 567 self- 382
bargaining 759, 765 body language see non-verbal social 382
distributive 740 behaviour; non-verbal causal/independent variables 19–20,
integrative 740 communication 21, 25
strategies 740 body language norms 728 caution shift 697
basic assumptions 113 Boeing 423, 464, 579 central connectors 333
818 Subject index

Central Intelligence Agency’s chief executive officer (CEO) 616 escalation of 702–4
(CIA) 111 choices feedback 160
centrality 764 behavioural, perception and 253 as influence principle 771
centralization 493 consumer 29 inner work life theory 293
advantages 521 determinism 541–2 leadership style 625, 630
definition 521 strategic 42, 541–2 common good balance sheet 62
ceremonials 108, 110, 123 see also decision making; communication 8, 20, 28, 29, 212–38
certainty 167, 692, 693 see also discretionary behaviours barriers 219
uncertainty chronemics 224 change 655, 657, 658
CFM International 583–4 chronotype 178 conflict 720, 742
chain of command 493, 499, 505, 733 Circus of Horrors 630 context 217
boundaryless organization 576 classical decision theory 682 cross-functional teams 426
definition 504 classic change curve 651 culture see under cultures
matrix structure 569 closed communication climate 236 emotional intelligence 233–4
self-contained structure 566 closed postures 760 face-to-face 56, 212, 214–19, 334
chameleons 195 closed questions 219, 220 organization structure 545, 546
change 12, 26, 28, 42, 644–73 closure principle 255 virtual teams 355
acceleration trap 649–51 cloud-based learning 147 gender and 219, 229
blindness 252 coaching 30, 165, 435 goal clarification and 733
classic curve 651 Generation Y 55 groups 322, 334, 347, 350,
communication 655, 657, 658 leadership style 629 353–62, 367
depth of 647 coalition, as influence tactic 770 social loafing 390
discontinuous 40, 41 coalition formation 727 implicit, breakdown of 133
effect on counterproductive work cobots (collaborative robots) 38, 77 impression management 65, 230–3
behaviour 656–7 Coca-Cola 64, 130 interpersonal 214–19, 258
ethical behaviour and 60 codes of conduct 60, 63 multicultural virtual teams 427
evidence-based approach 648 coding 215, 216, 217 non-verbal see separate entry
extrapolative 40, 41 coercion 658 non-verbal behaviour 223–8
failure 669–70 coercive change style 661 norms 357–8
Generation Y 55 coercive leadership 629 organizational 219, 235–8
hardiness 185 coercive power 762 organization structure 503, 545, 546
individual and 651–3 cognitive abilities 471 overload 217
leadership 634, 636, 660–2 cognitive approach to learning 150, process 214–19
innovator and 669–72 159–61, 162–5 status 217
strategic change 670 cognitive tasks 87 team role balance 367
need for 646–51 collaborating approach, to conflict teams 217, 334, 367, 426, 429, 437
older employees 50, 51 resolution 735, 736, 738 virtual 354–8
organizational 742, 778 collaboration 319, 667 verbal 219–23
organization culture 124, 129 communication 213 virtual teams 354–8, 357–8
organization structure 573 with competitors 583 virtual teams/collaboration 354–8
participation and dictatorship 660–2 groups 316 communication climate
perception 258–60 leadership 635 definition 235
personality 185 change style 661 open and closed 236
politics 778 organization structure 564, 573, communication network analysis 353
readiness for 654–5 581–5 communication pattern analysis 354
resistance to 655–6 with super-consumers 585 communication pattern chart 354
stress 185 with suppliers 583 communigrams 353
success, resources and 654 with users 584 communities 43, 61, 63, 64, 260,
teams 429 collaborative relationship structures 329–31
technology 73 575–6 compensatory mechanisms 86–7
transformational 647–8, 661, 662 Colleague Letters of Understanding competency 281, 455
trends in 672 (CLOUs) 590 job tasks and 471–2
triggers of 155, 645–6 collective autonomy 429 self-determination theory 283
see also creativity; innovations collective goals 6, 9, 10 virtual teams 356
chaos 564, 692, 693 collective identity 320, 322, 767 competing approach, to conflict
charisma 632, 636, 762 collective rationalization 698 resolution 735, 736
transformation 661, 662 collectivism 132 competitive advantage 429, 519
checklists 158, 647, 648 commanding 535 see also leadership change 672
cheerleaders 769 commensality 407 organizational structures 565
chefs commitment 26, 123, 390 competitors, collaboration with 583
diners and 298 conflict 726 complexity 155
norms and sanctions in gourmet decision styles 688, 689 environmental 39, 43, 44
cuisines 393 equity theory 288 technological 544–5
 Subject index 819

compliance 405 consideration 624 organizational culture 118–19,

compromise consistency 58 120–3
conflict resolution 735, 736 as influence principle 771 perception 260
as political tactic 774 constructivism 20, 21, 255, scientific management
compromise strategy 706 256–7, 384 Fordism 461
computational strategy 706 consultation 437 Taylorism 457
computational thinking 97 change 661 social science 14, 18
computer games 74, 166, 326 decision participation styles 687 span of see span of control
computerization 73 contagion 403 teamworking 430
Lego 74 conflict, phases and mechanisms controlled motivation 284
properties 73 of 727 controlled performance 6–7, 492
computing power, exponential content theories of motivation 281, conversation controls 222–3, 231
growth in 73 283–8 conversion 405
concern 213 hierarchy of needs theory 285–8 cooperation 324
concurrent feedback 161 self-determination theory 283–5 cooperativeness 423, 735
conditioned stimulus 153 context co-opetition 583
conditioning 153–6, 159 change 661, 672 cooptation, for managing resistance to
conflict 10 communication 217 change 658
causes 719, 724, 726 high context culture 229 coordination 10, 325
contagion, phases and mechanisms low context culture 229 conflict 729, 732–4
of 727 non-verbal 226 inter-departmental 570
contingency model 721 context-fitting, leadership 611, managerial activity 535, 536
creative organization climate 668 627–31 multicultural virtual teams 427
definition 719 contingency approach/model see organization structure 492, 494,
domains 725 separate entry 503, 545, 546, 552
dysfunctional 721, 727 diffusion of innovations 666–7
self-management 590
feelings 734–5 fundamental attribution error
social 224
frames of reference on see frame of 11–12, 263
teams 367, 421, 423, 426
reference non-verbal behaviour 226
coordination-conflict four-stage
functional 721 organizational
model 730
groups 324, 349 and team performance 437–8
coordinating 732–4
leadership 738–9, 742 teamworking and 436–7
organizing 729, 731–2
levels organization structure and 541
Copiapó 417–18
dyad 723, 724–6 perception 254, 257
coping cycle 652
group 724, 726–9 personality and 178
corporate clash 134
organization 724, 729–35 PESTLE analysis 11, 12, 43–6, 61
corporate culture see
management 735–43 shared 510
organizational 719, 722 organizational culture
virtual teams 355
organizational culture 119 wider business 46–8 corporate hospitality 63
organization structure 492 contingency approach/model corporate social responsibility (CSR)
perceptions 734–5 change 661, 662 44, 61–5
resolution see conflict resolution conflict 721 affluence and 64–5
role 519 leadership 611, 612, 627–31 defined 61
social interactions 423 organization structure 541–2 halo effect 261
stimulation see conflict stimulation environmental determinism as impression management 65
stress 185 549–52 innovation and 65
team 728 technological determinism 543–9 popularity of 64–5
teams 387 continuity 43 as self-defence 64
conflict resolution 729 continuous improvement 259, 461 socially responsible investment
approaches 735–7 contracting 8, 20 see also outsourcing (SRI) 62–4
cultures 738–9 contractor management 8 sustainability and 65
definition 735 control 10 values-based purchasing 61–2
conflict stimulation bureaucratic 121 corporate strategy 7, 529 see also
approaches 741–3 conversation 222–3, 231 strategy/ies
definition 741 frontiers of 722 corruption 63, 261
conformity 381 groups 328, 329, 334, 349, power and 758
group norms 397, 398, 401, 404 360, 384 see also bribery
conjunctive task 325, 326, 440 humanistic 121, 122 cost–benefit analysis 709
connectors 769 locus of 776 costs 565, 582
conscientious initiative, as citizenship management 123 bureaucracy 532
behaviour 746 symbolic leadership vs 120–3 integration 597
conscientiousness 189, 190–1 managerial activity 535, 536 organization structure 492
consent 10, 58 McDonaldization 467 quality circle 421
820 Subject index

counter-productive work behaviours authority 589, 590, 593, 594 population trends 50
722, 746–7 definition 521 statistics 50
effect of organizational change on decisional managerial roles 538–40 departmentalization 493, 566
656–7 decision-based evidence making dependent variables 19–20, 21,
covert power 764, 765 708–9 25, 297
craft technology 548 decision making 28, 180, 465–6, 667, description, social science and 15–16
creativity 10, 40–1, 45, 259 681–709 descriptive models of decision making
building creative climate 667–8 behavioural theory 685 684–5
inner work life theory 293 biases 688 design 9–10
innovation and 663, 664 conditions 692–4 deskilling 461, 465–6, 476
organizational culture 123 definition 681, 690–2 determinism 541–2
virtual teams 355 descriptive model 684–5 environmental 42
see also change; innovations diversity and 620 contingency and 549–52
crews 349–50, 422–3, 428–9, 438, evidence-based 22–5, 708–9 technological 74–6
440, 519 expectancy theory 291 contingency and 543–9
criminal offences 63 explanatory model 690–2 devil’s advocate method 742
Cronqvist, Henrik 63 group 694–5 dialectic method 742
cross-border links 582 problems with 697–704 dictatorship, participation and 660–2
cross-cultural competency 97 groups 349 differentiation 782
cross-cultural working 212, 346, 777 individual 694, 695 external work team 440
cross-cutting decisions 704, 705 levels of 681 gender 132
cross-functional teams 386, 424–6, models 681–92 group structure 346, 347, 349
574, 767 motivation 277 internal work team 440
coordination 733 organizational 704–7 organization structure 551
crowds 403, 769 organization structure 492 perspective on culture 119
crowdsourcing 325 politics and 777–8 teams 421, 436, 440
cultural broker 134–5 power and 764, 765 dignity 169, 403
cultural embeddedness 117 prescriptive models 686–9 dirty tricks, as political tactic 774
cultural pluralism 119 processes 705–7 disasters, man-made 7–11, 20
cultures rational model 682–4, 686, 705, 706 disciplinary power 762, 766–8
communication 216, 217, 228–9 strategies 706–7 discontinuous change 40, 41
apology 228 team 688, 689 discretionary behaviours 26–7, 746
high context culture 229 decisions discrimination
low context culture 229 adaptive 693, 694 age 50
silences 214 ad hoc 704, 705 age, stereotypes and 265–6
group 385 big-bet 704, 705 sex 620, 782
innovation 663 cross-cutting 704, 705 disease 61
leadership 133 delegated 704, 705 disempowerment, bureaucracy
national 129–32, 436, 663 innovative 693 cost 532
negotiation and 741 participation styles 687 disengaged-exiters 54
organizational see separate entry programmability 693 disjunctive task 325, 326, 440
perception 255 rational 684 Disney 107, 130, 400
personal space 226 routine 693, 694, 777 disputes, demarcation 732
segmentalist 667 structured 777 disruptive innovation 663, 664
culture(s) 16, 47 types 704–5 distancing traits, personality 192
CSR 64 unstructured 777, 778 distributed innovation 596
ethical behaviour and 60 decoding 215, 216, 217 distributed innovation systems (DIS)
curiosity 281 deep learning, AI 79, 80 596–8
cybercrime 74 Deepwater Horizon 7–9 evaluative infrastructure design 598
cyberloafing 93 deindividuation 402–4 interface design 597
cybernetic analogy 159 delayed feedback 161 participatory architecture design
cybersecurity 93 delegated decisions 704, 705 597
cyberslacking 93 delegation 184, 493, 629, 669 distributed leadership 369–70, 611,
cybervetting 199, 203 Deloitte 417 612, 633–5
cycling 440–1 demarcation distributive bargaining 740
cyclographic photographs 460 disputes 495, 732 distributive justice 58, 743, 744
democracy 428 distrust, as conflict domain 725
Daimler 567 employee 123 diversity 219
data analytics 29 democratic leadership 368, 627, and business performance 619–20
dating 515 629, 630 diversity 620
death by overwork 279 demographics 48–57, 455 leadership 611, 635
decentralization ageing workforce 50–3 virtual teams 355
advantages 521 multigenerational workforce 53–6 workforce 635